{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:31:10Z","timestamp":1767339070530},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,22]],"date-time":"2009-02-22T07:58:09Z","timestamp":1235289489000},"page":"75-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Pharmacologic Treatment for the Core Deficits and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lis","family":"West","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julee","family":"Waldrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Brunssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199512000-00018","article-title":"Psychotropic and anticonvulsant drugs in subjects with autism: Prevalence and patterns of use","volume":"34","author":"Aman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000231976.28719.2a","article-title":"Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: Placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial","volume":"45","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199706000-00022","article-title":"Neuroleptic-related dyskinesias in autistic children: A prospective, longitudinal study","volume":"26","author":"Campbell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib5","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib6","series-title":"Zyprexa (package insert)","author":"Eli Lilly","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(91)90126-A","article-title":"Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine treatments of hyperactivity: Are there true nonresponders?","volume":"36","author":"Elia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib8","article-title":"FDA approves the first drug to treat irritability associated with autism, Risperdal","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"2006","journal-title":"FDA News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib9","first-page":"155","article-title":"An open clinical trial of risperidone monotherapy in young children with autistic disorder","volume":"33","author":"Findling","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1089\/1044546041649129","article-title":"Quetiapine in nine youths with autistic disorder","volume":"14","author":"Findling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025054610557","article-title":"Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: An update","volume":"33","author":"Fombonne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200102000-00012","article-title":"Impairment and deportment responses to different methylphenidate doses in children with ADHD: The MTA titration trial","volume":"40","author":"Greenhill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361300004003002","article-title":"Practical paediatric psychopharmacological prescribing in autism: The potential and the pitfalls","volume":"4","author":"Gringras","year":"2000","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005548619694","article-title":"Efficacy of methylphenidate among children with autism and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"30","author":"Handen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2005.15.682","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of valproate for aggression in youth with pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"15","author":"Hellings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300627","article-title":"A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism","volume":"30","author":"Hollander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005791","article-title":"Divalproex sodium vs. placebo in the treatment of repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"9","author":"Hollander","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.541","article-title":"A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of olanzapine in childhood\/adolescent pervasive developmental disorder","volume":"16","author":"Hollander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200106000-00010","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of children with autistic disorder","volume":"40","author":"King","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib20","series-title":"Drug information handbook: A comprehensive resource for all clinicians and health care professionals","author":"Lacy","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1089\/104454602762599853","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of use of psychoactive medicines in individuals with autism in the Autism Society of North Carolina","volume":"12","author":"Langworthy-Lam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0147-5","article-title":"Behavioral and emotional problems in young people with pervasive developmental disorders: Relative prevalence, effects of subject characteristics, and empirical classification","volume":"36","author":"Lecavalier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200108000-00009","article-title":"Olanzapine versus haloperidol in children with autistic disorder: An open pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Malone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200202000-00007","article-title":"Risperidone treatment in children and adolescents with autism: Short- and long-term safety and effectiveness","volume":"41","author":"Malone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022234605695","article-title":"Low-dose Fluvoxamine treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders: A prospective, open-label study","volume":"33","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1999.9.99","article-title":"Open-label quetiapine in the treatment of children and adolescents with autistic disorder","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199705000-00020","article-title":"Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders: A prospective, open-label study","volume":"26","author":"McDougle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-2543-z","article-title":"Ask the Editor","volume":"34","author":"McDougle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1142","article-title":"Risperidone for the core symptom domains of autism: Results from the study by the Autism Network of the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology","volume":"162","author":"McDougle","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.517","article-title":"A prospective, open-label trial of memantine in the treatment of cognitive, behavioral, and memory dysfunction in pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"16","author":"Owley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000153229.80215.a0","article-title":"An open-label trial of escitalopram in pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"44","author":"Owley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1997.7.167","article-title":"Risperidone in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder: Pilot trial and follow-up","volume":"7","author":"Perry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.181","article-title":"The use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in autism and related disorders","volume":"16","author":"Posey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.599","article-title":"Open-label atomoxetine for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms associated with higher-functioning pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"16","author":"Posey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013171","article-title":"Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problem","volume":"347","author":"Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network","year":"2002","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1361","article-title":"Risperidone treatment of autistic disorder: Longer-term benefits and blinded discontinuation after 6 months","volume":"162","author":"Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.11.1266","article-title":"Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity","volume":"62","author":"Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.589","article-title":"A prospective open trial of guanfacine in children with pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"16","author":"Scahill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1067","article-title":"A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"158","author":"Scahill","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib41","series-title":"Lexi-Comp's pediatric dosage handbook","author":"Taketomo","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yic.0000224787.13782.0f","article-title":"Levetiracetam versus placebo in childhood and adolescent autism: A double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"21","author":"Wasserman","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001_bib43","first-page":"545","article-title":"Risperidone use in the treatment of behavioral symptoms in children with autism","volume":"32","author":"West","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatric Nursing"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891524508003945?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891524508003945?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T14:22:08Z","timestamp":1545402128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891524508003945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891524508003945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-5245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-5245","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}