{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:34:26Z","timestamp":1779881666289,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","pediatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T06:03:03Z","timestamp":1508392983000},"page":"20-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The Convergence of Two Epidemics: Vitamin D Deficiency in Obese School-aged Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0005","author":"American Academy of Dermatology and AAD Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb9000","series-title":"Five things physicians and patients should question","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.050013","article-title":"Correcting vitamin D insufficiency improves insulin sensitivity in obese adolescents: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"97","author":"Belenchia","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2252","article-title":"Standardizing vitamin D assays: The way forward","volume":"29","author":"Binkley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.148","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with indicators of body fat and insulin resistance in prepubertal Chilean children","volume":"40","author":"Cediel","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0025","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"issue":"11\u221212","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0030","first-page":"1235","article-title":"The relation of vitamin D status with metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence: An update","volume":"28","author":"Challa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.12.007","article-title":"Subclinical vitamin D deficiency","volume":"26","author":"Cianferotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834ec8eb","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency: A paediatric orthopaedic perspective","volume":"24","author":"Clarke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e275","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1558","article-title":"The role of the pediatrician in primary prevention of obesity","volume":"136","author":"Daniels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.08.046","article-title":"A review of the health consequences of the vitamin D deficiency pandemic","volume":"311","author":"Dobnig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13363","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is associated with prediabetes in obese Swedish children","volume":"105","author":"Ekbom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0060","first-page":"133","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance as risk factors for dyslipidemia in obese children","volume":"115","author":"Erol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9693-3","article-title":"Vitamin D assays: Past and present debates, difficulties, and developments","volume":"92","author":"Fraser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Calcified Tissue International"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1229","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2173","article-title":"Optimizing bone health in children and adolescents","volume":"134","author":"Golden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2016-0211","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation, the metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in obese children","volume":"30","author":"Grunwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0080","first-page":"105","article-title":"The influence of puberty on vitamin D status in obese children and the possible relation between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance","volume":"28","author":"Gutierrez Medina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0244-8","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency: Subclinical and clinical consequences on musculoskeletal health","volume":"14","author":"Haroon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Rheumatology Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0095","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D","article-title":"Overview of vitamin D","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0100","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D","article-title":"Summary","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-201473","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in children presenting to the emergency department: A growing concern. Vitamin D deficiency in Birmingham's children: Presentation to the emergency department","volume":"30","author":"Kehler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emergency Medicine Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2014.886186","article-title":"Association between vitamin D status and lipid profile in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Kelishadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2013.06.006","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in children with metabolic syndrome: A triple-masked controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Kelishadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jornal de Pediatria"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.187591","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of vitamin D and insulin resistance in children","volume":"96","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.01.023","article-title":"Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status with obesity as well as blood glucose and lipid concentrations in children and adolescents in China","volume":"455","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2041","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among US children aged 1 to 11 years: Do children need more vitamin D?","volume":"124","author":"Mansbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1894","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: Review of current knowledge and recommendations","volume":"122","author":"Misra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2783-5","article-title":"Vitamin D and skeletal health in infancy and childhood","volume":"25","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.11.003","article-title":"Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with total adiposity of children in the United States: National Health and Examination Survey 2005 to 2006","volume":"36","author":"Moore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrition Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmv091","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D status and response to vitamin D3 in obese and non-obese Iranian children","volume":"62","author":"Motlaghzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0155","author":"National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0160","author":"National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0165","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Vitamin D status is associated with early markers of cardiovascular disease in prepubertal children","volume":"26","author":"Nwosu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1507","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in obese children and its relationship to glucose homeostasis","volume":"97","author":"Olson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003","article-title":"Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?","volume":"144","author":"Palacios","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2014_81","article-title":"Metabolic and immunological consequences of vitamin D deficiency in obese children","volume":"840","author":"Pyrzak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2704","article-title":"The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What clinicians need to know","volume":"96","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-0427","article-title":"Analytical and clinical performance of the new Fujirebio 25-OH vitamin D assay, a comparison with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) and three other automated assays","volume":"54","author":"Saleh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0195","first-page":"469","article-title":"The clinical and biochemical presentation of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Torun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1711","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among overweight and obese US children","volume":"131","author":"Turer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0205","author":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.06.007","article-title":"Worldwide vitamin D status","volume":"25","author":"van Schoor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1159\/000431035","article-title":"Are growing pains related to vitamin D deficiency? Efficacy of vitamin D therapy for resolution of symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Vehapoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medical Principles and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001383","article-title":"Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: Bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts","volume":"10","author":"Vimaleswaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1862","article-title":"Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents","volume":"122","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2015-0422","article-title":"Relationship between HOMA-IR and serum vitamin D in Chinese children and adolescents","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0235","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.121483","article-title":"NHANES monitoring of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: A roundtable summary","volume":"140","author":"Yetley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882596316304298?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882596316304298?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:16:51Z","timestamp":1760113011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882596316304298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0882596316304298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-5963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-5963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Convergence of Two Epidemics: Vitamin D Deficiency in Obese School-aged Children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}