{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:50:21Z","timestamp":1774439421228,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","pediatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T10:05:17Z","timestamp":1741687517000},"page":"145-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Children's fear, pain, and anxiety before and after enema: A descriptive, cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Figen Turk","family":"Dudukcu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Padir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000669","article-title":"An evidence-based approach tominimizing acute procedural pain in the emergency department and beyond","volume":"32","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Emergency Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000690","article-title":"Efficacy of the buzzy device for pain management during needle-related procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Ballard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2018.04.011","article-title":"Efficacy of non-pharmacological methods of pain management in children undergoing venipuncture in a pediatric outpatient clinic: A randomized controlled trial of audiovisual distraction and external cold and vibration","volume":"42","author":"Bergomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2019.05.015","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: Needle-related or minor procedural pain in pediatric patients","volume":"45","author":"Bradford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency Nursing"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15088","article-title":"Distraction using virtual reality for children during intravenous injections in an emergency department: A randomised trial","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-020-02294-7","article-title":"The tip of the iceberg of colorectal perforation from enema: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Cirocchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Techniques in Coloproctology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0035","article-title":"Virtual reality interventions for needle-related procedural pain, fear and anxiety\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of","volume":"10","author":"Czech","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"6 June","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence and evidence-based management of needle fear in adults with chronic disease: A scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Duncanson","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001059","article-title":"Virtual reality exposure before elective day care surgery to reduce anxiety and pain in children: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Eijlers","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004165","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of virtual reality in pediatrics: Effects on pain and anxiety","volume":"129","author":"Eijlers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.01.001","article-title":"The effect of three different methods on venipuncture pain and anxiety in children: Distraction cards, virtual reality, and buzzy\u00ae (randomized controlled trial)","volume":"58","author":"Erdogan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/jspn.12042","article-title":"Validation of a clinically useful measure of children\u2019s state anxiety before medical procedures","volume":"18","author":"Ersig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.070874","article-title":"The effect of vapocoolant spray on pain due to intravenous cannulation in children: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"179","author":"Farion","year":"2008","journal-title":"CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-020-02767-x","article-title":"A practical guide to acute pain management in children","volume":"34","author":"Gai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Anesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2020.08.021","article-title":"Anxiety in adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal for Nurse Practitioners"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0085","first-page":"9","article-title":"Child anxiety scale-state and child horror scale to gain Turkish language","volume":"11","author":"Ger\u00e7eker","year":"2018","journal-title":"E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.399","article-title":"Children\u2019s self-reports of fear and pain levels during needle procedures","volume":"7","author":"Hed\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nursing Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2020014","article-title":"Chronic constipation in infants and children","volume":"61","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1036-x","article-title":"Psychophysiological markers of fear and anxiety","volume":"21","author":"Hyde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2015.09.008","article-title":"Consequences of needle-related medical procedures: A hermeneutic study with young children (3-7 years)","volume":"31","author":"Karlsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.06.001","article-title":"The effect of virtual reality on pain, anxiety, and fear during burn dressing in children: A randomized controlled study","volume":"49","author":"Kaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12865","article-title":"Children\u2019s individual voices are required for adequate management of fear and pain during hospital care and treatment","volume":"35","author":"Kleye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0120","article-title":"Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children","volume":"2020","author":"Lambert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024817","article-title":"Children\u2019s fear during procedural pain: Preliminary investigation of the Children\u2019s fear scale","volume":"30","author":"McMurtry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15173","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality on pain, fear and anxiety during blood draw in children aged 5\u201312 years old: A randomised controlled study","volume":"29","author":"\u00d6zalp Ger\u00e7eker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0135","series-title":"B.T. ENEMA solution","author":"Package insert.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.08.002","article-title":"Reframe the pain: A randomized controlled trial of a parent-led memory-reframing intervention","volume":"23","author":"Pavlova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.10.027","article-title":"Enema-induced spastic left colon syndrome: An unintended consequence of chronic enema use","volume":"56","author":"Pe\u00f1a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2020.02.003","article-title":"The efficacy of distraction cards and kaleidoscope for reducing pain during phlebotomy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Semerci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.09.010","article-title":"Down there\u2013pediatric nurses, constipation, and rectal interventions","volume":"61","author":"Sherburne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0160","article-title":"Estimated prevalence of dental fear in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Silveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0001","article-title":"Effects of an immersive virtual reality intervention on pain and anxiety among pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0170","series-title":"Wong-Baker FACES\u00ae Pain Rating Scale","author":"Wong-Baker FACES Foundation","year":"2024"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving hHuman subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/children11030349","article-title":"The risks of phosphate enemas in toddlers: A life-threatening unawareness","volume":"11","author":"Zago","year":"2024","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13615","article-title":"Safe pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia by anesthesiologists for elective procedures: A clinical practice statement from the European Society for Paediatric Anaesthesiology","volume":"29","author":"Zielinska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatric Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/112600","article-title":"Pain assessment and management in children in the postoperative period: A review of the most commonly used postoperative pain assessment tools, new diagnostic methods and the latest guidelines for postoperative pain therapy in children","volume":"29","author":"Zieli\u0144ski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882596325000740?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882596325000740?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T08:30:50Z","timestamp":1774427450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882596325000740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0882596325000740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-5963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-5963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Children's fear, pain, and anxiety before and after enema: A descriptive, cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2025.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}