{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T20:03:00Z","timestamp":1785182580959,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","pediatricnursing.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:19:53Z","timestamp":1780658393000},"page":"600-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring child protection reporting in English-speaking countries in Africa: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Roarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Roe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikechukwu","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suja","family":"Somanadhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0311","article-title":"Between tradition and family violence: Exploring sociocultural barriers to reporting child-to-parent abuse in Nigeria","volume":"0","author":"Aborisade","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Family Issues"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.97316","article-title":"Sexual assault against women at Osogbo southwestern Nigeria","volume":"15","author":"Adeleke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_169_22","article-title":"Identifying challenges in implementing child rights instruments in Nigeria: A nationwide survey of knowledge, perception, and practice of child rights among doctors and nurses","volume":"22","author":"Adeleye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of African Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-14-115","article-title":"Sexual assault in Lagos, Nigeria: A five-year retrospective review","volume":"14","author":"Akinlusi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211029404","article-title":"Processes of multiprofessional child protection decision making in hospital settings: Systematic narrative review","volume":"24","author":"Alfandari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0307","author":"Alfaraj"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.87102","article-title":"Preventing child abuse and neglect in Saudi Arabia: Are we ready?","volume":"31","author":"Almuneef","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Saudi Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0030","series-title":"Evaluation and management of the sexually assaulted or sexually abused patient","author":"American College of Emergency Physicians","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2018.10.002","article-title":"Behavioural beliefs of Ghanaian radiographers and reporting of child physical abuse","volume":"25","author":"Antwi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2020.12.011","article-title":"Exploration of Ghanaian radiographers\u2019 reporting of suspected physical abuse amongst children","volume":"27","author":"Antwi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0045","author":"Atieno"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0050","first-page":"310","article-title":"Child abuse and neglect as seen in a tertiary hospital in Western Kenya: paediatricians\u2019 perspective","volume":"88","author":"Ayaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0055","article-title":"Challenges of reporting child abuse by healthcare professionals: A narrative review","volume":"4","author":"Azizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.132065","article-title":"Sexual assault in Ile-Ife, Nigeria","volume":"55","author":"Badejoko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nigerian Medical Journal"},{"issue":"Suppl.1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2017.09.002","article-title":"A critical review of child abuse and its management in Africa","volume":"7","author":"Badoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0065","series-title":"Child behavioural health in sub-Saharan Africa","article-title":"Child maltreatment and mental health in sub-Saharan Africa","author":"Bauta","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0303","series-title":"A shared understanding of childhood domestic violence and abuse","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 805","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2025-328561","article-title":"Children and adolescents attending for a forensic medical examination at a regional centre in Ireland: A 5-year retrospective cohort study of patients, alleged perpetrators and service provision","volume":"110","author":"Bergin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archives of disease in childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0075","series-title":"Doing a systematic review: A student\u2019s guide","author":"Boland","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0080","first-page":"1632","article-title":"The PAGER framework for scoping reviews: Enhancing the transparency and interpretability of scoping review findings","volume":"77","author":"Bradbury-Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221150949","article-title":"Health professionals: Identifying and reporting child physical abuse\u2014a scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Bragan\u00e7a-Souza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0090","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Child physical abuse and neglect","author":"Brown","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0315","series-title":"Child abuse and neglect (nursing)","author":"Daley","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0115","series-title":"Working together to safeguard children: A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children","author":"Department for Education","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0301","series-title":"Children First: National Guidance for the Protection of Welfare of Children","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2018.01.005","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey of child abuse management knowledge among emergency medical personnel in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"8","author":"Dessena","year":"2018","journal-title":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0125","series-title":"Child\u2019s rights act 2003","author":"Federal Republic of Nigeria","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4079","article-title":"Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: A systematic review and minimum estimates","volume":"137","author":"Hillis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three approaches to qualitative content analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0145","first-page":"22","article-title":"Evaluating the medical care of child sexual abuse victims in a general hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"46","author":"Ige","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ghana Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2017.31.2.143","article-title":"Child abuse and the eye in an African population","volume":"31","author":"Isawumi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0155","series-title":"Scoping reviews \u2013 Resources","author":"JBI","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/672780","article-title":"Corporal punishment of children in nine countries as a function of child gender and parent gender","volume":"2010","author":"Lansford","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal Of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","article-title":"Scoping studies: Advancing the methodology","volume":"5","author":"Levac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0190","article-title":"Corporal punishment, discipline and social norms: A systematic review in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"108","author":"Lokot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101507","article-title":"Corporal punishment, discipline and social norms: A systematic review in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"55","author":"Lokot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07905-7","article-title":"An uncomfortable topic\u2019: Health professionals\u2019 perspectives on child protection capacities, training offers and the potential need for action in Germany","volume":"22","author":"Maier","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 72","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2763","article-title":"Extending the two-process model of burnout in child protection workers: The role of resilience in mediating burnout via organizational factors of control, values, fairness, reward, workload, and community relationships","volume":"34","author":"McFadden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-021-01258-8","article-title":"Child maltreatment and long-term physical and mental health outcomes: An exploration of biopsychosocial determinants and implications for prevention","author":"Mehta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry & Human Development 54(2). Child Psychiatry & Human Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014523336","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for physical and sexual abuse of children and adolescents in Africa: A review and implications for practice","volume":"16","author":"Meinck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence & Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.104.4.020","article-title":"Scoping reviews: Establishing the role of the librarian","volume":"104","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Library Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0215","series-title":"National guidelines on referral and forensic clinical examination following rape and sexual assault","author":"National SART Guidelines Development Group","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0230","author":"Nurture Africa"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0308","first-page":"199","article-title":"Case series of child sexual abuse: Abie State University Teaching Hospital experience","volume":"23","author":"Okoronkwo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmv009","article-title":"Profile of non-accidental childhood injury at a tertiary hospital in south-West Nigeria","volume":"61","author":"Olatunya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0313","article-title":"The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among sexually abused children at Kenyatta national hospital in Nairobi, Kenya","author":"Ombok","year":"2013","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/0272684X19835359","article-title":"Awareness of social infrastructures for victims of child abuse among primary health workers in Ogun state, Nigeria","volume":"40","author":"Opekitan","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews","volume":"18","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evidence Synthesis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1551-1","article-title":"Educational paper: Detection of child abuse and neglect at the emergency room","volume":"171","author":"Teeuw","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0275","series-title":"Release of the findings of the Nigeria violence against children survey","author":"UNICEF","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0285","author":"UNICEF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0310","series-title":"Convention on the Rights of the Child","year":"1989"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0290","article-title":"Child protection training for professionals to improve reporting of child abuse and neglect","volume":"2022","author":"Walsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bb0300","series-title":"INSPIRE: Seven strategies for ending violence against children. Uptake between 2016 and 2021","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028_bib309","series-title":"Country cooperation strategy 2023-2027: Nigeria","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882596326002344?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0882596326002344?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:10:12Z","timestamp":1785179412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0882596326002344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0882596326002344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-5963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-5963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring child protection reporting in English-speaking countries in Africa: A scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2026.05.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}