{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:25:24Z","timestamp":1761765924266},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","pediatr-neonatol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics &amp; Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,23]],"date-time":"2015-04-23T18:01:48Z","timestamp":1429812108000},"page":"402-407","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Nasolacrimal Duct Probing under Topical Anesthesia for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Chih-Heng","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun-Ling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Lun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2011","series-title":"Basic clinical science course, Section 7: Orbit, eyelids, and lacrimal system","author":"American Academy of Ophthalmology","key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(48)91535-9","article-title":"Dacryocystitis of infancy","volume":"31","author":"Cassady","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1948.00900020198006","article-title":"Congenital impatency of the nasolacrimal duct","volume":"39","author":"Guerry","year":"1948","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.103","article-title":"Epiphora during the first year of life","volume":"5","author":"MacEwen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib5","first-page":"20","article-title":"Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in Japanese infants: its incidence and treatment with massage","volume":"28","author":"Noda","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19780701-14","article-title":"The natural course of congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct","volume":"15","author":"Petersen","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19941101-04","article-title":"Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: natural history and the timing of optimal intervention","volume":"31","author":"Paul","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33392-5","article-title":"Timing of initial probing and irrigation in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"94","author":"Katowitz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib9","first-page":"482","article-title":"Office probing of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"23","author":"Stager","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00432-2","article-title":"Factors affecting the success of nasolacrimal duct probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"127","author":"Mannor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33621-2","article-title":"Results of late probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"93","author":"el-Mansoury","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)97038-5","article-title":"Success rates of nasolacrimal duct probing at time intervals after 1 year of age","volume":"105","author":"Robb","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.10.016","article-title":"Office probing for treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants","volume":"18","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2010.24.5.261","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of initial and repeated nasolacrimal duct office-based probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"24","author":"Cha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030030599010","article-title":"Congenital nasolacrimal system obstruction","volume":"100","author":"Kushner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.7.422","article-title":"Dacryocystitis in infancy","volume":"46","author":"Ffooks","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198203183061104","article-title":"The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine","volume":"306","author":"Cassel","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.9.1151","article-title":"Late and very late initial probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: what is the cause of failure?","volume":"87","author":"Kashkouli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib19","first-page":"60","article-title":"Success rate of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction at various ages","volume":"9","author":"Perveen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(98)90112-4","article-title":"The management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children between 18 months and 4 years old","volume":"1","author":"Kushner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J AAPOS"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics &amp; Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957215000522?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957215000522?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T23:01:38Z","timestamp":1651791698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875957215000522"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1875957215000522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9572"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1875-9572"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nasolacrimal Duct Probing under Topical Anesthesia for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Taiwan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatrics & Neonatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.04.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}