{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:50:37Z","timestamp":1783734637578,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","pediatr-neonatol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics & Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T14:20:15Z","timestamp":1490624415000},"page":"391-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Caffeine citrate \u2013 Is it a silver bullet in neonatology?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Bikash","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Jawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e540","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.14-11-e540","article-title":"Pharmacology review: caffeine use in neonates: indications, pharmacokinetics, clinical effects, outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Dobson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neoreviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1159\/000360647","article-title":"Caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a neonatal success story","volume":"105","author":"Kreutzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.517704","article-title":"Caffeine impact on neonatal morbidities","volume":"23","author":"Aranda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(14)50001-1","article-title":"Current management of apnea in premature infants: is caffeine the magic bullet?","volume":"90","author":"Bancalari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib5","series-title":"The world of caffeine: the science and culture of the world's most popular drug","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.48.5.404","article-title":"Apnoeic attacks in the newborn treated with aminophylline","volume":"48","author":"Kuzemko","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.55.5.589","article-title":"Prevention of apnea and bradycardia in low-birthweight infants","volume":"55","author":"Shannon","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.55.5.595","article-title":"Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline","volume":"55","author":"Uauy","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80718-X","article-title":"Efficacy of caffeine in treatment of apnea in the low-birth-weight infant","volume":"90","author":"Aranda","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib10","unstructured":"\u201cCaffeine\u201d. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available at http:\/\/www.chemspider.com\/Chemical-Structure.2424.html?rid=0bb094c4-a76d-44a1-b5f1-79947af47782S. Accessed October 16, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib11","first-page":"635","article-title":"Profiles of drug substance, excipients and related methodology","volume":"vol. 33","author":"Harry","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib12","series-title":"Organic chemistry pearls of wisdom","first-page":"43","author":"Vallombroso","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib13","series-title":"Beverages in nutrition and health","first-page":"172","author":"Temple","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib14","unstructured":"Simon T. \u201cCrystalline caffeine\u201d. Bristol University. Available at http:\/\/www.chm.bris.ac.uk\/webprojects2001\/tilling\/synthesis.htm. Accessed August 3, 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e214","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.8-5-e214","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of caffeine in the newborn","volume":"8","author":"Natarajan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neoreviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700122010500","article-title":"Caffeine metabolism in the premature infants","volume":"41","author":"Al-Alaiyan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clinical Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200103010-00005","article-title":"Caffeine citrate: a review of its use in apnoea of prematurity","volume":"3","author":"Comer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib18","series-title":"Caffeine and behavior: current views and research trends","first-page":"17","article-title":"Caffeine in the modulation of brain function","author":"Myers","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00441416","article-title":"Oral versus intramuscular loading of caffeine in idiopathic apnoea of prematurity","volume":"148","author":"Cattarossi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00207.x","article-title":"Periextubation caffeine in preterm neonates: a randomized dose response trial","volume":"39","author":"Steer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F499","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.023432","article-title":"High dose caffeine citrate for extubation of preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Steer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01943.x","article-title":"Caffeine citrate for very preterm infants: effects on development, temperament and behaviour","volume":"47","author":"Gray","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2494-8","article-title":"High versus low-dose caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"174","author":"Mohammed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib24","series-title":"Disposition of toxic drug and chemicals in man","first-page":"236","author":"Baselt","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2986","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring for caffeine in preterm neonates: an unnecessary exercise?","volume":"119","author":"Natarajan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-958163","article-title":"Serum caffeine concentration in preterm neonates","volume":"24","author":"Leon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib27","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Standards of laboratory practice: theophylline and caffeine monitoring. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":"44","author":"Pesce","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib28","first-page":"CD000140","article-title":"Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib29","first-page":"CD000273","article-title":"Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054065","article-title":"Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"354","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073679","article-title":"Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"357","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.09.069","article-title":"Caffeine for apnea of prematurity trial: benefits may vary in subgroups","volume":"156","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib33","first-page":"CD000432","article-title":"Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib34","first-page":"CD000139","article-title":"Prophylactic methylxanthines for endotracheal extubation in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-0961-9","article-title":"Effect of caffeine on respiratory muscle strength and lung function in prematurely born, ventilated infants","volume":"168","author":"Kassim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.08.005","article-title":"Evidence based pharmacologic therapies for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: application of the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation methodology","volume":"42","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Perinatal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.12.025","article-title":"Trends in caffeine use and association between clinical outcomes and timing of therapy in very low birth weight infants","volume":"164","author":"Dobson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2012.52","article-title":"Early caffeine therapy and clinical outcomes in extremely preterm infants","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4371","article-title":"Effects of caffeine on intermittent hypoxia in infants born prematurely: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"168","author":"Rhein","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.06.028","article-title":"Neonatal caffeine treatment up-regulates adenosine receptors in brainstem and hypothalamic cardiorespiratory related nuclei of rat pups","volume":"237","author":"Gaytan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.2024","article-title":"Survival without disability to age 5 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"307","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.20.7.644.35167","article-title":"Caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea of prematurity: a double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Erenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31818d66b1","article-title":"Caffeine modulates TNF-alpha production by cord blood monocytes: the role of adenosine receptors","volume":"65","author":"Chavez-Valdez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.06.051","article-title":"Correlation between serum caffeine levels and changes in cytokine profile in a cohort of preterm infants","volume":"158","author":"Chavez-Valdez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.712305","article-title":"Caffeine citrate: when and for how long. A literature review","volume":"25","author":"Picone","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg480","article-title":"Does caffeine and alcohol intake before pregnancy predict the occurrence of spontaneous abortion?","volume":"18","author":"Tolstrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib47","first-page":"393","article-title":"Outcome of pregnancy in relation to irregular and inconvenient work schedules","volume":"46","author":"Axelsson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199709000-00008","article-title":"Caffeinated beverages, decaffeinated coffee, and spontaneous abortion","volume":"8","author":"Fenster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib49","first-page":"245","article-title":"A prospective study of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy","volume":"43","author":"Gadsby","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012213432503","article-title":"Caffeine intake and the risk of first-trimester spontaneous abortion","volume":"343","author":"Cnattingius","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2004.03.004","article-title":"Changes in caffeine consumption as a signal of pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Lawson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-S3-S6","article-title":"Preconception care: caffeine, smoking, alcohol, drugs and other environmental chemical\/radiation exposure","volume":"11","author":"Lassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Health"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics & Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957217301778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957217301778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T22:45:33Z","timestamp":1658875533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875957217301778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1875957217301778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9572"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9572","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Caffeine citrate \u2013 Is it a silver bullet in neonatology?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatrics & Neonatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2016.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Taiwan Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}