{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:51:14Z","timestamp":1787068274912,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"University of Malaya Specialist Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PV027-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PV027-2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","pediatr-neonatol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics & Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T12:55:41Z","timestamp":1602680141000},"page":"129-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clonal relatedness in the acquisition of intestinal carriage and transmission of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and its risk factors among preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3766-1967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yee Qing","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azanna","family":"Ahmad Kamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukumani Devi","family":"Velayuthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6881-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Wie","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy Shuan Ju","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib1","series-title":"Statistics on causes of death, Malaysia","author":"Department of Statistics","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197706022962206","article-title":"Patterns of use of antibiotics in two newborn nurseries","volume":"296","author":"Hammerschlag","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-38","article-title":"Development of the preterm infant gut microbiome: a research priority","volume":"2","author":"Groer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.83","article-title":"Evidence for persistent and shared bacterial strains against a background of largely unique gut colonization in hospitalized premature infants","volume":"10","author":"Raveh-Sadka","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.19.2357","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental and growth impairment among extremely low-birth-weight infants with neonatal infection","volume":"292","author":"Stoll","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib6","series-title":"Laboratory detection of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs)","author":"CDC","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.02.021","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing organisms","volume":"73","author":"Falagas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00066-4","article-title":"Effect of antimicrobial agents on the ecological balance of human microflora","volume":"1","author":"Sullivan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01667.x","article-title":"The use of antibiotic-containing agars for the isolation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms in intensive care units","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.02.023","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in local and imported poultry meat in Ghana","volume":"217","author":"Eibach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib11","first-page":"3","article-title":"Simplified protocols for the preparation of genomic DNA from bacterial cultures","volume":"1","author":"Moore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Microbial Ecol Man"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4178","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.4178-4182.2005","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial isolates","volume":"43","author":"Diancourt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(99)00164-2","article-title":"A sensitive and versatile multiplex PCR system for the rapid detection of enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) strains of Escherichia coli","volume":"38","author":"Kong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib14","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp498","article-title":"Development of a set of multiplex PCR assays for the detection of genes encoding important \u03b2-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"65","author":"Dallenne","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.101358","article-title":"New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, Canada","volume":"17","author":"Mulvey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.15-22.2004","article-title":"Emergence of oxacillinase-mediated resistance to imipenem in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"48","author":"Poirel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.4.1249-1255.2004","article-title":"Dissemination of CTX-M-type \u03b2-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Paris, France","volume":"48","author":"Eckert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00285-06","article-title":"High-level carbapenem resistance in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate is due to the combination of bla(ACT-1) \u03b2-lactamase production, porin ompK35\/36 insertional inactivation, and down-regulation of the phosphate transport porin PhoE","volume":"50","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01451-07","article-title":"Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the \u03b2-lactamase blaKPC gene","volume":"52","author":"Naas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110655","article-title":"Global spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"17","author":"Nordmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib22","series-title":"Standard operating procedure for PulseNet PFGE of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Escherichia coli non-O157 (STEC), Salmonella serotypes, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.59","article-title":"Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet","volume":"3","author":"Ribot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib24","series-title":"National antibiotic resistance surveillance report","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A47","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2011.212563.104","article-title":"National surveillance study of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) producing organism infection in neonatal units of England and Wales","volume":"96","author":"Mitra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3016","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003016","article-title":"The increasing challenge of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: results of a 5-year active surveillance program in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"95","author":"Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159744","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characteristics of neonatal extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteremia: a 12-year case-control-control study of a referral center in Taiwan","volume":"11","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0222","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from pediatric wards of a Malaysian hospital","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2016.1229884","article-title":"Intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in preterm-infants during hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)","volume":"110","author":"Yap","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2005.01.025","article-title":"A case-control study of risk factors associated with rectal colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella sp. in newborn infants","volume":"61","author":"Boo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2016.11.004","article-title":"Rectal carriage of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among hospitalised neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit in Fez, Morocco","volume":"8","author":"Arhoune","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1556\/EuJMI.2.2012.2.5","article-title":"The current role of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) typing and the retrospective identification of outbreaks","volume":"2","author":"Frickmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00121","article-title":"Rise and dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance: the aac (6')-Ib paradigm","volume":"4","author":"Ramirez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.08.002","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: types, epidemiology and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Shaikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-130","article-title":"How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Kramer","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12049","article-title":"Influence of iron status on risk of maternal or neonatal infection and on neonatal mortality with an emphasis on developing countries","volume":"71","author":"Brabin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029968","article-title":"Iron availability increases the pathogenic potential of Salmonella typhimurium and other enteric pathogens at the intestinal epithelial interface","volume":"7","author":"Kortman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)90015-1","article-title":"An antibiotic policy to prevent emergence of resistant bacilli","volume":"355","author":"de Man","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90782-8","article-title":"Bacterial colonization and infection in the neonate","volume":"70","author":"Goldmanln","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.11.004","article-title":"Peripartum maternal transmission of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase organism to newborn infants","volume":"87","author":"Peretz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics & Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957220301662?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957220301662?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:54:48Z","timestamp":1761749688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875957220301662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1875957220301662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9572"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9572","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clonal relatedness in the acquisition of intestinal carriage and transmission of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and its risk factors among preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatrics & Neonatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.10.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Taiwan Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}