{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:07:31Z","timestamp":1778832451927,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPRPG8F0791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPRPG8F0791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8J1151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8J1151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8L0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8L0021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPRPG8H0051-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPRPG8H0051-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-2314-B-182 -037 -MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-2314-B-182 -037 -MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","pediatr-neonatol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics & Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T04:00:58Z","timestamp":1634097658000},"page":"117-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multiple intravenous antibiotics usage is associated with intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3470-2468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zon-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiao-Lun","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7883-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Hsiang","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-Sai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3295-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Chang","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/jmmcr.0.005019","article-title":"Comprehensive pathogen detection associated with four recurrent episodes of Kawasaki disease in a patient during a single year using next-generation sequencing","volume":"3","author":"Hamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMM Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12334","article-title":"Kawasaki disease: a comprehensive review of treatment options","volume":"40","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-013-0673-9","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for coronary artery abnormalities in children with complete and incomplete Kawasaki disease during a 10-year period","volume":"34","author":"Giannouli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib4","article-title":"Interferon-gamma genetic polymorphism and expression in Kawasaki disease","volume":"95","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.04.036","article-title":"Heart rate, responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin, and coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease","volume":"200","author":"Miyakoshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.116.001625","article-title":"Prediction for intravenous immunoglobulin resistance by using weighted genetic risk score identified from genome-wide association study in Kawasaki disease","volume":"10","author":"Kuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e927","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000484","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American heart association","volume":"135","author":"McCrindle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1180-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin alone and intravenous immunoglobulin combined with high-dose aspirin in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Kuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.04.002","article-title":"Preventing coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease","volume":"40","author":"Kuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206001","article-title":"Profile of resistance to IVIG treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease and concomitant infection","volume":"13","author":"Dionne","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.08.060","article-title":"Variability in response to intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Kawasaki disease","volume":"179","author":"Downie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib12","first-page":"266","article-title":"Coronary diameters in Taiwanese children younger than 6 years old: Z-score regression equations derived from body surface area","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24415","article-title":"The prognostic role of systemic inflammation in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a strong negative prognostic biomarker","volume":"114","author":"K\u00f8stner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12712","article-title":"Cellulitis-like rash associated with Kawasaki disease","volume":"33","author":"Itamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib15","first-page":"808","article-title":"Kawasaki disease in association with urinary tract infection","volume":"48","author":"Husain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/000155500459231","article-title":"Superantigens and their association with dermatological inflammatory diseases: facts and hypotheses","volume":"80","author":"Jappe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3193-y","article-title":"Association between duration of intravenous antibiotic administration and early-life microbiota development in late-preterm infants","volume":"37","author":"Zwittink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib18","first-page":"365","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease","volume":"91","author":"Saguil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000425","article-title":"Revisiting the role of steroids and aspirin in the management of acute Kawasaki disease","volume":"29","author":"Dhanrajani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144603","article-title":"High-dose aspirin is associated with anemia and does not confer benefit to disease outcomes in Kawasaki disease","volume":"10","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61930-2","article-title":"Efficacy of immunoglobulin plus prednisolone for prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in severe Kawasaki disease (RAISE study): a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial","volume":"379","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2017.0088","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulates type I interferon and antibody-mediated immune responses in chickens infected with influenza virus subtype H9N2","volume":"9","author":"Yitbarek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030521","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders and the gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Fattorusso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00824","article-title":"Characterization of the gut microbiota of Kawasaki disease patients by metagenomic analysis","volume":"6","author":"Kinumaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161265","article-title":"Plasma prostaglandin E2 levels correlated with the prevention of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and coronary artery lesions formation via CD40L in Kawasaki disease","volume":"11","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00045","article-title":"PGE(2) suppression of innate immunity during mucosal bacterial infection","volume":"3","author":"Agard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.09.055","article-title":"Doxycycline therapy for abdominal aneurysm: improved proteolytic balance through reduced neutrophil content","volume":"49","author":"Abdul-Hussien","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03949.x","article-title":"Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity improves coronary outcome in an animal model of Kawasaki disease","volume":"157","author":"Lau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302841","article-title":"Management of Kawasaki disease","volume":"99","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12884","article-title":"Mediation analysis of systemic inflammation on the association between periodontitis and glycemic status","volume":"45","author":"Torrungruang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176957","article-title":"A comparison of the predictive validity of the combination of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and other risk scoring systems for intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig)-resistance in Kawasaki disease","volume":"12","author":"Takeshita","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics & Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957221001807?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957221001807?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:12:53Z","timestamp":1778829173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875957221001807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1875957221001807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9572"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9572","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multiple intravenous antibiotics usage is associated with intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatrics & Neonatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2021.06.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Taiwan Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}