{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:40:07Z","timestamp":1791420007314,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","pediatr-neonatol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics &amp; Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T05:19:44Z","timestamp":1763183984000},"page":"123-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neonatal sepsis management in Africa: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4645-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris Mensah","family":"Nartey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7359-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adwoa Kumiwa Asare","family":"Afrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6341-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Tagoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-8830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Kwaku","family":"Ofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7411-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth Kwabena","family":"Amponsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30063-8","article-title":"The global burden of paediatric and neonatal sepsis: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00474-2","article-title":"Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge","volume":"387","author":"Laxminarayan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000906","article-title":"Early-onset sepsis and antibiotic exposure in term infants: a nationwide population-based study in Norway","volume":"35","author":"Fjalstad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71881-X","article-title":"Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries","volume":"365","author":"Zaidi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003787","article-title":"Gram-negative neonatal sepsis in low-and lower-middle-income countries and WHO empirical antibiotic recommendations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30414-1","article-title":"Aetiology of invasive bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance in neonates in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis in line with the STROBE-NI reporting guidelines","volume":"19","author":"Okomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.36478\/makijtm.2024.2.107.110","article-title":"A retrospective study on antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogens isolated from blood culture in cases of late\u2010onset neonatal sepsis at a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"19","author":"Patidar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2017.01.001","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic characteristics of amikacin in suspected cases of neonatal sepsis in a low-resource African setting: a prospective non-randomized single-site study","volume":"84","author":"Amponsah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib10","first-page":"372:n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"29","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib12","first-page":"e57","article-title":"Appraisal and evaluation of the latest management\/treatment WHO guidelines in 2020-2021 using AGREE II tool","volume":"5","author":"Reyhani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Libr Inform Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.13105\/wjma.v5.i4.80","article-title":"Assessing the quality of studies in meta-analyses: advantages and limitations of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale","volume":"5","author":"Luchini","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Meta-Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmac116","article-title":"The right antibiotic for the right neonate? A prospective observational cohort study at a district hospital in Pemba, Tanzania","volume":"69","author":"Larsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08642-w","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of neonatal bacterial infections: a community-based cohort from Madagascar (2018\u20132021)","volume":"23","author":"Devred","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1913-4","article-title":"Neonatal bloodstream infections in a Ghanaian Tertiary Hospital: are the current antibiotic recommendations adequate?","volume":"16","author":"Labi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040767","article-title":"Bacterial aaetiology of neonatal sepsis and antimicrobial resistance pattern at the regional referral Hospital, Dar es Salam, Tanzania; a call to strengthening antibiotic stewardship program","volume":"12","author":"Majigo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.24911\/SJP.106-1601909519","article-title":"Bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance in newborn infants with possible community-acquired neonatal sepsis in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"21","author":"Braima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sudan J Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.797208","article-title":"Bacteriological profile and predictors of death among neonates with blood culture-proven sepsis in a national hospital in Tanzania\u2014A retrospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Ba-Alwi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0225-9","article-title":"Emerging antimicrobial resistance in early and late-onset neonatal sepsis","volume":"6","author":"Mohsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae629","article-title":"Etiology and antimicrobial resistance of culture-positive infections in Ugandan infants: a cohort study of 7000 neonates and infants","volume":"11","author":"Davies","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e976","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab114","article-title":"Etiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis and antibiotic resistance in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"73","author":"Mulinganya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib23","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pattern of bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility among neonatal sepsis cases at Cairo University Children Hospital","volume":"15","author":"Almohammady","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02911-w","article-title":"When first line treatment of neonatal infection is not enough: blood culture and resistance patterns in neonates requiring second line antibiotic therapy in Bangui, Central African Republic","volume":"21","author":"Nebbioso","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1461689","article-title":"Bacterial profiles and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in neonatal sepsis at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Deress","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_34_16","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis in a Nigerian private tertiary hospital: bacterial isolates, risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns","volume":"16","author":"Shobowale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/23120053.2015.1074443","article-title":"Neonatal septicaemia: prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common pathogens at Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana","volume":"30","author":"Mudzikati","year":"2015","journal-title":"SAJID"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-014-0293-4","article-title":"Management of neonatal sepsis at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam: diagnostic accuracy of C\u2013reactive protein and newborn scale of sepsis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of etiological bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Mkony","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-17128","article-title":"Etiology of early onset neonatal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit \u2013 Mansoura, Egypt","volume":"11","author":"Seliem","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24572-0","article-title":"Bacterial etiology and risk factors among newborns suspected of sepsis at Hawassa, Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Worku","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12968","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912968","article-title":"Pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial treatment of neonates admitted with suspected sepsis in a teaching hospital in Ghana, 2021","volume":"19","author":"Omenako","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0486-6","article-title":"Blood culture result profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern: a report from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, south east Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Sorsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib33","first-page":"537","article-title":"Retrospective review of bacteriological profiles and antibiogram in a tertiary neonatal unit","volume":"38","author":"Buthelezi","year":"2023","journal-title":"S Afr J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04399-y","article-title":"Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria from sepsis suspected neonates at St. Paul\u2019s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"23","author":"Sherif","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255410","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance among newborns with gram-negative sepsis","volume":"16","author":"Solomon","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-017-0071-z","article-title":"Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of common isolates of neonatal sepsis, Ho Municipality, Ghana-2016","volume":"4","author":"Aku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237085","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda: etiology, antimicrobial resistance, associated factors and case fatality risk","volume":"15","author":"Tumuhamye","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EPX.0000482038.76692.3","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant organisms in neonatal sepsis in two tertiary neonatal ICUs, Egypt","volume":"91","author":"Awad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/509484","article-title":"Epidemiology of neonatal sepsis and implicated pathogens: a study from Egypt","volume":"2015","author":"Shehab El-Din","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4103\/jcn.JCN_6_18","article-title":"A 4-year prospective study of clinico-bacterial profile and antibiogram of neonatal bacterial sepsis at a tertiary health facility in a resource-limited setting","volume":"7","author":"Ekwochi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05869-3","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis in a tertiary unit in South Africa","volume":"21","author":"Pillay","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X20953318","article-title":"Bacterial isolates and resistance patterns in preterm infants with sepsis in selected hospitals in Ethiopia: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"7","author":"Eshetu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Pediatr Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.27.142.12209","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of procalcitonin versus C-reactive protein as markers for early-onset neonatal sepsis at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital","volume":"27","author":"Amponsah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","article-title":"A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Borenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics &amp; Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957225002062?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957225002062?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:12:00Z","timestamp":1772557920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875957225002062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1875957225002062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9572"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9572","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neonatal sepsis management in Africa: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatrics & Neonatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2025.10.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2026, Taiwan Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}