{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:44:10Z","timestamp":1782866650929,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010792","name":"Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115TTMHH-TMUH-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115TTMHH-TMUH-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010613","name":"Taipei Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112TMU-TMUH-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112TMU-TMUH-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","pediatr-neonatol.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics & Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:24:49Z","timestamp":1780586689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spleen-tonifying formula alleviates social deficits, gut dysbiosis, and hypomyelination in a perinatal injury model"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1262-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert Aaron","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Wen","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Chiung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4359-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chen S.H.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-3603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang-Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang-Ching","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hui","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/NS20220064","article-title":"Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"7","author":"Woods","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuronal Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.13","article-title":"The role of inflammation in perinatal brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Hagberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-020-00585-4","article-title":"The role of lipid peroxidation in individuals with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"35","author":"Yui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2006.05.007","article-title":"Oxidative stress in autism","volume":"13","author":"Chauhan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.08.005","article-title":"Hippocampal contributions to social and cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"44","author":"Banker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00517","article-title":"Hypomyelination and oligodendroglial alterations in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"12","author":"Graciarena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.138","article-title":"Oxidative stress, prefrontal cortex hypomyelination and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Maas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00473","article-title":"Association between gut microbiota and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.08.024","article-title":"Emerging roles for the gut microbiome in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"81","author":"Vuong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib10","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid fermentation products of the gut microbiome: implications in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"23","author":"Macfabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21114159","article-title":"The promising role of probiotics in managing the altered gut in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"21","author":"Abdellatif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0225-7","article-title":"Microbiota transfer therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study","volume":"5","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.964255","article-title":"KI essence extract (a spleen-tonifying formula) promotes neurite outgrowth, alleviates oxidative stress and hypomyelination, and modulates microbiome in maternal immune activation offspring","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8614680","article-title":"Herbal medicine treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review","volume":"2017","author":"Bang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2020.100707","article-title":"Core prescription pattern of Chinese herbal medicine for depressive disorders in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-023-00813-w","article-title":"Multi-target regulatory mechanism of Yang Xin Tang - a traditional Chinese medicine against dementia","volume":"18","author":"Lo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-344","article-title":"Guibitang, a traditional herbal medicine, induces apoptotic death in A431 cells by regulating the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases","volume":"14","author":"Yim","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122114","article-title":"Systematic understanding of mechanisms of a Chinese herbal formula in treatment of metabolic syndrome by an integrated pharmacology approach","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13457","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules171113457","article-title":"Antioxidant ability and mechanism of rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.10.033","article-title":"Two-hit perinatal injuries cause gut microbial dysbiosis in offspring","volume":"589","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027324230923","article-title":"Characterization of three human oligodendroglial cell lines as a model to study oligodendrocyte injury: morphology and oligodendrocyte-specific gene expression","volume":"32","author":"Buntinx","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurocytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23216","article-title":"Combined fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia causes myelin deficits and autism-like behavior in a rat model of diffuse white matter injury","volume":"66","author":"van Tilborg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11081085","article-title":"Maternal immune activation causes social behavior deficits and hypomyelination in Male rat offspring with an autism-like microbiota profile","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8986.2","article-title":"Bioconductor workflow for microbiome data analysis: from raw reads to community analyses","volume":"5","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib26","first-page":"D590","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq706","article-title":"Phangorn: phylogenetic analysis in R","volume":"27","author":"Schliep","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217","article-title":"Phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data","volume":"8","author":"McMurdie","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts342","article-title":"Associating microbiome composition with environmental covariates using generalized UniFrac distances","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111544","article-title":"Astroglia in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"22","author":"Gzielo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.764486","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte development and implication in perinatal white matter injury","volume":"15","author":"Motavaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib33","article-title":"Akt attenuates apoptotic death through phosphorylation of H2A under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0090","article-title":"Ghrelin inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death of oligodendrocytes via ERK and p38MAPK signaling","volume":"152","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020324","article-title":"Hesperidin effects on gut microbiota and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in healthy rats","volume":"11","author":"Estruel-Amades","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6661937","article-title":"6-Gingerol, a major ingredient of ginger attenuates Diethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats through the modulation of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"2021","author":"Alsahli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01459D","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic acid promotes neural repair by directly driving functional remyelination","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.106.1.119","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte progenitors isolated directly from developing telencephalon at a specific phenotypic stage: myelinogenic potential in a defined environment","volume":"106","author":"Gard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00455.2002","article-title":"Selective vulnerability of late oligodendrocyte progenitors to hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"22","author":"Back","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45534-0","article-title":"Age and severity-dependent gut microbiota alterations in Tunisian children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"13","author":"Chamtouri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01428-1","article-title":"Characterization of gut microbiome in mice model of depression with divergent response to escitalopram treatment","volume":"11","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15173754","article-title":"Dynamic interplay between social brain development and nutrient intake in young children","volume":"15","author":"Kanellopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-25-00366","article-title":"Myelin, white matter, and social deficits in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"21","author":"Kimchi-Feldhorn","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-025-02154-8","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex development and its implications in mental illness","volume":"51","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-016-0087-y","article-title":"Neuronal mechanisms and circuits underlying repetitive behaviors in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24343","article-title":"Interactions of glial cells with neuronal synapses, from astrocytes to microglia and oligodendrocyte lineage cells","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2022.763245","article-title":"Time window of the critical period for neuroplasticity in S1, V1, and A1 sensory areas of small rodents: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4138","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.8.4138","article-title":"Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by H2O2. Role in cell survival following oxidant injury","volume":"271","author":"Guyton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07366.x","article-title":"ERK and cell death: mechanisms of ERK-induced cell death--apoptosis, autophagy and senescence","volume":"277","author":"Cagnol","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS J"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics & Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957226000781?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875957226000781?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:44:42Z","timestamp":1782863082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875957226000781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S1875957226000781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9572"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9572","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spleen-tonifying formula alleviates social deficits, gut dysbiosis, and hypomyelination in a perinatal injury model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pediatrics & Neonatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2026.02.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Taiwan Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}