{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:30:59Z","timestamp":1789183859934,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Peptides"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T01:55:39Z","timestamp":1639360539000},"page":"170710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring the role of glycoprotein hormone GPA2\/GPB5 in the medically important insect, Rhodnius prolixus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8510-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areej N.","family":"Al-Dailami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9145-5523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimena","family":"Leyria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Orchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela B.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.50.070181.002341","article-title":"Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function","volume":"50","author":"Pierce","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-13-4-670","article-title":"Molecular basis of the specificity of binding of glycoprotein hormones to their receptors","volume":"13","author":"Combarnous","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.03.006","article-title":"Drosophila molting neurohormone bursicon is a heterodimer and the natural agonist of the orphan receptor DLGR2","volume":"579","author":"Mendive","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409916102","article-title":"Bursicon, the insect cuticle-hardening hormone, is a heterodimeric cystine knot protein that activates G protein-coupled receptor LGR2","volume":"102","author":"Luo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0025","first-page":"83","article-title":"The melanization response in insect immunity","author":"Nakhleh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. In. Insect. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.06.051","article-title":"Identification of the gene encoding bursicon, an insect neuropeptide responsible for cuticle sclerotization and wing spreading","volume":"14","author":"Dewey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21227","article-title":"The neuropeptide bursicon acts in cuticle metabolism","volume":"89","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-008-0386-3","article-title":"Bursicon, the tanning hormone of insects: recent advances following the discovery of its molecular identity","volume":"194","author":"Honegger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sens. Neural. Behav. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.16.7.0871","article-title":"Evolution of glycoprotein hormone subunit genes in bilateral metazoa: identification of two novel human glycoprotein hormone subunit family genes, GPA2 and GPB5","volume":"16","author":"Hsu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214340","article-title":"Thyrostimulin, a heterodimer of two new human glycoprotein hormone subunits, activates the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor","volume":"109","author":"Nakabayashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0055","article-title":"Emergence and evolution of the glycoprotein hormone and neurotrophin gene families in vertebrates","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9230","article-title":"Molecular cloning, genomic organization and developmental regulation of a novel receptor from Drosophila melanogaster structurally related to gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors for vertebrates","volume":"249","author":"Hauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9661","article-title":"Genomic organization of a receptor from sea anemones, structurally and evolutionarily related to glycoprotein hormone receptors from mammals","volume":"252","author":"Vibede","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3758","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.066266","article-title":"Thyrostimulin, but not thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), acts as a paracrine regulator to activate the TSH receptor in mammalian ovary","volume":"285","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1943","article-title":"Et. Al. Thyrostimulin regulates osteoblastic bone formation during early skeletal development","volume":"156","author":"Bassett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0823","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines regulate glycoprotein subunit B5 of thyrostimulin through nuclear factor-\u03baB","volume":"150","author":"Suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00266.2014","article-title":"Thyrostimulin deficiency does not alter peripheral responses to acute inflammation-induced nonthyroidal illness","volume":"307","author":"van Zeijl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0270","article-title":"A Glycoprotein hormone expressed in corticotrophs exhibits unique binding properties on thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor","volume":"20","author":"Okada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.11.015","article-title":"Neuroendocrine cells in Drosophila melanogaster producing GPA2\/GPB5, a hormone with homology to LH, FSH and TSH","volume":"170","author":"Sellami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.08.006","article-title":"Silencing D. Melanogaster lgr1 impairs transition from larval to pupal stage","volume":"209","author":"Vandersmissen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0105","first-page":"9","article-title":"The heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone, GPA2\/GPB5, regulates ion transport across the hindgut of the adult mosquito, Aedes aegypti","author":"Paluzzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0110","first-page":"10","article-title":"Glycoprotein hormone receptor knockdown leads to reduced reproductive success in male Aedes aegypti","author":"Rocco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.05.003","article-title":"Functional characterization of bursicon receptor and genome-wide analysis for identification of genes affected by bursicon receptor RNAi","volume":"344","author":"Bai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652007000100011","article-title":"Rhodnius prolixus Malpighian tubules and control of diuresis by neurohormones","volume":"79","author":"Martini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0125","first-page":"55","article-title":"Rhodnius prolixus: from classical physiology to modern developmental biology","author":"Nunes-Da-Fonseca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1930.tb00385.x","article-title":"The biology of a blood-sucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus","volume":"78","author":"Buxton","year":"1930","journal-title":"Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0135","first-page":"225","article-title":"Hormonal control of diuresis in insects","volume":"2","author":"Orchard","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0140","first-page":"7","article-title":"Chagas disease: from discovery to a worldwide health problem","author":"Lidani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0145","series-title":"Chagas Disease (also Known As American Trypanosomiasis)","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2006.10.002","article-title":"The interaction of feeding and mating in the hormonal control of egg production in Rhodnius prolixus","volume":"53","author":"Davey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0155","first-page":"12","article-title":"Fluid secretion by Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus: neuroendocrine control with new insights from a transcriptome analysis","author":"Orchard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0160","first-page":"21","article-title":"Transcriptomics supports local sensory regulation in the antenna of the kissing-bug Rhodnius prolixus","author":"Latorre-Estivalis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks400","article-title":"ExPASy: SIB bioinformatics resource portal","volume":"40","author":"Artimo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.051745906","article-title":"A general model of G protein-coupled receptor sequences and its application to detect remote homologs","volume":"15","author":"Wistrand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3310","article-title":"Sequence and structure-based prediction of eukaryotic protein phosphorylation sites","volume":"294","author":"Blom","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0180","first-page":"41","article-title":"New and continuing developments at PROSITE","author":"Sigrist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0185","first-page":"6","article-title":"GPS-Lipid: a robust tool for the prediction of multiple lipid modification sites","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199","article-title":"Geneious basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data","volume":"28","author":"Kearse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.07.005","article-title":"The involvement of Rhopr-CRF\/DH in feeding and reproduction in the blood-gorging insect Rhodnius prolixus","volume":"258","author":"Mollayeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0215","first-page":"11","article-title":"Expression profiling, downstream signaling, and inter-subunit interactions of GPA2\/GPB5 in the adult mosquito Aedes aegypti","author":"Rocco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0220","first-page":"10","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of regulatory pathways involved in female reproductive physiology of Rhodnius prolixus under different nutritional states","author":"Leyria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.15.5.0639","article-title":"Evolution and classification of cystine knot-containing hormones and related extracellular signaling molecules","volume":"15","author":"Vitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1743","article-title":"Distinct expression patterns of glycoprotein hormone-\u03b12 and -\u03b25 in a basal chordate suggest independent developmental functions","volume":"150","author":"Santos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2008.03.002","article-title":"Biochemical roles of the oligosaccharide chains in thyrostimulin, a heterodimeric hormone of glycoprotein hormone subunits alpha2 (GPA2) and beta5 (GPB5)","volume":"148","author":"Okajima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul. Pept. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.01.006","article-title":"A molecular dissection of the glycoprotein hormone receptors","volume":"29","author":"Vassart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01678-3","article-title":"G-protein-coupled receptors and signaling networks: emerging paradigms","volume":"22","author":"Marinissen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0317","article-title":"Heterodimeric fly glycoprotein hormone-\u03b12 (GPA2) and glycoprotein hormone-\u03b25 (GPB5) activate fly leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor-1 (DLGR1) and stimulation of human thyrotropin receptors by chimeric fly GPA2 and human GPB5","volume":"146","author":"Sudo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00373-9","article-title":"The distribution of a kinin-like peptide and its co-localization with a CRF-like peptide in the blood-feeding bug, Rhodnius prolixus","volume":"22","author":"Te Brugge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(01)00661-1","article-title":"The biological activity of diuretic factors in Rhodnius prolixus","volume":"23","author":"Te Brugge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Peptides."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10290","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003666107","article-title":"Isolation, expression analysis, and functional characterization of the first antidiuretic hormone receptor in insects","volume":"107","author":"Paluzzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"}],"container-title":["Peptides"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196978121002187?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196978121002187?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T09:30:26Z","timestamp":1759311026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196978121002187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0196978121002187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-9781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-9781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring the role of glycoprotein hormone GPA2\/GPB5 in the medically important insect, Rhodnius prolixus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Peptides","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170710","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"170710"}}