{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:47:13Z","timestamp":1778694433483,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003841","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]],"date-time":"2014-08-20T05:46:53Z","timestamp":1408513613000},"page":"78-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pioglitazone prevents morphine antinociceptive tolerance via ameliorating neuroinflammation in rat cerebral cortex"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Hamed","family":"Ghavimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Charkhpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehran","family":"Mesgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Hamishehkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katayoun","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanam","family":"Arami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kambiz","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.019","article-title":"Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety","volume":"112","author":"Kalso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra025411","article-title":"Opioid therapy for chronic pain","volume":"349","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2007.230","article-title":"Opioid-induced glial activation: mechanisms of activation and implications for opioid analgesia, dependence, and reward","volume":"7","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.05.004","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines oppose opioid-induced acute and chronic analgesia","volume":"22","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.004135","article-title":"Exploring the neuroimmunopharmacology of opioids: an integrative review of mechanisms of central immune signaling and their implications for opioid analgesia","volume":"63","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9980","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-22-09980.2002","article-title":"The role of spinal neuroimmune activation in morphine tolerance\/hyperalgesia in neuropathic and sham-operated rats","volume":"22","author":"Raghavendra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300315","article-title":"Attenuation of morphine tolerance, withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia, and associated spinal inflammatory immune responses by propentofylline in rats","volume":"29","author":"Raghavendra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.10.001","article-title":"Glia: novel counter-regulators of opioid analgesia","volume":"28","author":"Watkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aat.2012.12.004","article-title":"Role of neuroinflammation in morphine tolerance: effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"50","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318217f7eb","article-title":"Intrathecal etanercept partially restores morphine's antinociception in morphine-tolerant rats via attenuation of the glutamatergic transmission","volume":"113","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3748fje","article-title":"Autoantigen specific T cells inhibit glutamate uptake in astrocytes by decreasing expression of astrocytic glutamate transporter GLAST: a mechanism mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"19","author":"Korn","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.03.018","article-title":"Amitriptyline suppresses neuroinflammation and up-regulates glutamate transporters in morphine-tolerant rats","volume":"124","author":"Tai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.05.016","article-title":"N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 suppresses glial pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in morphine-tolerant rats","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.07.006","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide as a regulator of neuronal CaMKII-CREB, microglial p38-NFkappaB and astroglial ERK-Stat1\/3 cascades mediating the development of tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9212-0","article-title":"Minocycline prevents morphine-induced apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex and lumbar spinal cord: a possible mechanism for attenuating morphine tolerance","volume":"19","author":"Hassanzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70323-6","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular administration of riluzole prevents morphine-induced apoptosis in the lumbar region of the rat spinal cord","volume":"62","author":"Hassanzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-21-6","article-title":"A new pharmacological role for donepezil: attenuation of morphine-induced tolerance and apoptosis in rat central nervous system","author":"Sharifipour","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182025b15","article-title":"Etanercept restores the antinociceptive effect of morphine and suppresses spinal neuroinflammation in morphine-tolerant rats","volume":"112","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2174\/157339907779802067","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Jay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0100","first-page":"240","article-title":"PPARs: physiological functions and pharmacological roles of agonists in human diseases Note II","volume":"116","author":"Filip-Ciubotaru","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nri912","article-title":"Emerging roles of PPARs in inflammation and immunity","volume":"2","author":"Daynes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.03.046","article-title":"Spinal neuroimmune activation inhibited by repeated administration of pioglitazone in rats after L5 spinal nerve transection","volume":"543","author":"Jia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2007.10.012","article-title":"Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, suppresses NFkappaB activation through inhibition of IkappaB kinase activation in cerulein-treated AR42J cells","volume":"62","author":"Wan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453120","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/453120","article-title":"Microglia and astrocyte activation by toll-like receptor ligands: modulation by PPAR-gamma agonists","volume":"453120","author":"Gurley","year":"2008","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.10.008","article-title":"Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in brain inhibits inflammatory pain, dorsal horn expression of Fos, and local edema","volume":"58","author":"Morgenweck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.01.020","article-title":"PPARgamma activation blocks development and reduces established neuropathic pain in rats","volume":"70","author":"Morgenweck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02210.x","article-title":"Protection by pioglitazone in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease correlates with I kappa B alpha induction and block of NF kappa B and iNOS activation","volume":"88","author":"Dehmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.02.002","article-title":"Broad-spectrum neuroprotection against traumatic brain injury by agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","volume":"229","author":"Semple","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2011.567266","article-title":"Review of approved pioglitazone combinations for type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Forst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450111314070006","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists as promising new medications for drug addiction: preclinical evidence","volume":"14","author":"Le Foll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.12.010","article-title":"Activation of nuclear PPARgamma receptors by the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone suppresses alcohol drinking and relapse to alcohol seeking","volume":"69","author":"Stopponi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0160","article-title":"Acute administeration of pioglitazone attenuates withdrawal syndrome in rat: a novel role of pioglitazone","author":"Ghavimi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-014-0996-y","article-title":"Pioglitazone prevents morphine antinociception tolerance and withdrawal symptoms in rats","author":"Ghavimi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181ae5f13","article-title":"Central administration of minocycline and riluzole prevents morphine-induced tolerance in rats","volume":"109","author":"Habibi-Asl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(11)70581-3","article-title":"Riluzole prevents morphine-induced apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex","volume":"63","author":"Hassanzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704364","article-title":"Chronic morphine induces up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic Fas receptor and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 oncoprotein in rat brain","volume":"134","author":"Boronat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.08.011","article-title":"PPARgamma and stress: implications for aging","volume":"48","author":"Ulrich-Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0190","first-page":"29","article-title":"Disposition of the new antidiabetic agent pioglitazone in rats, dogs, and monkeys","volume":"47","author":"Maeshiba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90060-Z","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin-1 beta induces hyperalgesia in rats","volume":"624","author":"Oka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.02.003","article-title":"Interleukin-1 antagonizes morphine analgesia and underlies morphine tolerance","volume":"115","author":"Shavit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00343-2","article-title":"The interaction between IL-1beta and morphine: possible mechanism of the deficiency of morphine-induced analgesia in diabetic mice","volume":"89","author":"Gul","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2002","article-title":"Beyond neurons: evidence that immune and glial cells contribute to pathological pain states","volume":"82","author":"Watkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2011.76","article-title":"Transgene-mediated expression of tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor attenuates morphine tolerance in rats","volume":"1","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.11.014","article-title":"TNF alpha potentiates glutamate neurotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate uptake in organotypic brain slice cultures: neuroprotection by NF kappa B inhibition","volume":"1034","author":"Zou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"4989","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1824728","article-title":"Inhibition of morphine tolerance and dependence by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801","volume":"251","author":"Trujillo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.06.034","article-title":"Anticonvulsant potential of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone in pentylenetetrazole-induced acute seizures and kindling in mice","volume":"1351","author":"Abdallah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06107.x","article-title":"Distinct modulation of voltage-gated and ligand-gated Ca2+ currents by PPAR-gamma agonists in cultured hippocampal neurons","volume":"109","author":"Pancani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2722-0","article-title":"NMDA receptor involvement in antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone in the forced swimming test in mice","volume":"223","author":"Salehi-Sadaghiani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.09.034","article-title":"Ultra-low dose naloxone upregulates interleukin-10 expression and suppresses neuroinflammation in morphine-tolerant rat spinal cords","volume":"207","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03483.x","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) agonism reduces the insulin-stimulated increase in circulating interleukin-6 in GH replaced GH-deficient adults","volume":"71","author":"Krag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.017160","article-title":"Involvement of IL-10 in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-mediated anti-inflammatory response in asthma","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1734114014002643?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1734114014002643?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T20:35:40Z","timestamp":1752611740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1734114014002643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1140","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pioglitazone prevents morphine antinociceptive tolerance via ameliorating neuroinflammation in rat cerebral cortex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}