{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T21:00:07Z","timestamp":1776286807749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":226,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MJFF-022316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MJFF-022316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1197439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1197439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1135639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1135639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIESTA GNT2018668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIESTA GNT2018668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2003370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2003370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pharmrev.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T22:28:48Z","timestamp":1760394528000},"page":"100094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Waking up to the evidence of pharmacological treatments used to manage sleep disorders in people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment\u2014A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0674-5017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bandana","family":"Saini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn D.X.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9903-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe Menczel","family":"Schrire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura H.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6682-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ron","family":"Grunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Naismith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib1","series-title":"Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: WHO Guidelines","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200210000-00001","article-title":"Relative frequencies of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body, vascular and frontotemporal dementia, and hippocampal sclerosis in the State of Florida Brain Bank","volume":"16","author":"Barker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib3","article-title":"Donanemab: FDA experts recommend approval of Alzheimer's drug","volume":"385","author":"Dyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","article-title":"Lecanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"van Dyck","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003","article-title":"Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Sperling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"9518","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68542-5","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment","volume":"367","author":"Gauthier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10452","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib8","article-title":"Objective measurement of sleep in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"D\u2019Rozario","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib9","article-title":"Age differences in the association between sleep and Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in the EPAD cohort","volume":"14","author":"Naismith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000921","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding of sleep disorders and disturbances for dementia risk and prevention","volume":"37","author":"Lam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S54036","article-title":"Sleep, recovery, and metaregulation: explaining the benefits of sleep","volume":"7","author":"Vyazovskiy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.564227","article-title":"Impact of sleep deprivation on emotional regulation and the immune system of healthcare workers as a risk factor for COVID 19: practical recommendations from a task force of the Latin American association of sleep psychology","volume":"12","author":"de Almondes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9695","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119695","article-title":"GABA-positive astrogliosis in sleep-promoting areas associated with sleep disturbance in 5XFAD mice","volume":"24","author":"Drew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6156","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","article-title":"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01638-y","article-title":"Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia","volume":"27","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-011-0335-6","article-title":"System consolidation of memory during sleep","volume":"76","author":"Born","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.08.002","article-title":"The what\u2019s and when\u2019s of sleep-dependent memory consolidation","volume":"13","author":"Diekelmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4035","article-title":"\u03b2-amyloid disrupts human NREM slow waves and related hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation","volume":"18","author":"Mander","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa406","article-title":"Sleep-dependent memory in older people with and without MCI: the relevance of sleep microarchitecture, OSA, hippocampal subfields, and episodic memory","volume":"31","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614556680","article-title":"Sleep, cognition, and normal aging:integrating a half century of multidisciplinary research","volume":"10","author":"Scullin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02335-1","article-title":"Sleep spindle architecture associated with distinct clinical phenotypes in older adults at risk for dementia","volume":"29","author":"Orlando","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22354-2","article-title":"Association of sleep duration in middle and old age with incidence of dementia","volume":"12","author":"Sabia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib23","article-title":"Sleep duration and amyloid \u03b2 among cognitively healthy later-life adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Moon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research Square rs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14495","article-title":"Association of rapid eye movement sleep latency with multimodal biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1115","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing, hypoxia, and risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older women","volume":"306","author":"Yaffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25910","article-title":"Genetic risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and sleep duration in non-demented elders","volume":"89","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab272","article-title":"Sleep and longitudinal cognitive performance in preclinical and early symptomatic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"144","author":"Lucey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-040323-031929","article-title":"Orexin receptor antagonism: normalizing sleep architecture in old age and disease","volume":"64","author":"Kron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-231104","article-title":"Self-reported sleep duration and bedtime are associated with dementia risk in community-dwelling people aged 40\u201374 years: the Murakami cohort study","volume":"99","author":"Bulycheva","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.7.1255","article-title":"Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan","volume":"27","author":"Ohayon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131217","article-title":"Circadian misalignment and sleep disruption in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"38","author":"Naismith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib32","series-title":"Advances in the Psychobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms","first-page":"66","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and disorders\u2013A risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia","author":"Lam","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/npjparkd.2015.15","article-title":"The relationships between mild cognitive impairment and phenotype in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Szeto","year":"2015","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988714527516","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of poor sleep quality in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"27","author":"McKinnon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1422-3","article-title":"The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Mubashir","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"S22","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.076990","article-title":"Sleep disturbances in the memory clinic: associations with clinical features and neuropsychological performance","volume":"19","author":"Naismith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251338065","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and disorders in the memory clinic: self-report, actigraphy, and polysomnography","volume":"106","author":"Lam","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202205-380ST","article-title":"The link between obstructive sleep apnea and neurocognitive impairment: an official American Thoracic Society workshop report","volume":"19","author":"Lal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00740-2018","article-title":"Structural brain correlates of obstructive sleep apnoea in older adults at risk for dementia","volume":"52","author":"Cross","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15758","article-title":"CPAP adherence may slow 1-year cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and apnea","volume":"67","author":"Richards","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab076","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea treatment and dementia risk in older adults","volume":"44","author":"Dunietz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001566","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing advances cognitive decline in the elderly","volume":"84","author":"Osorio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879901200203","article-title":"Characteristics of sleep disturbance in community-dwelling Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients","volume":"12","author":"McCurry","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.069","article-title":"The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"190","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-021-01123-0","article-title":"Effects of obstructive sleep apnea and CPAP on cognitive function","volume":"21","author":"Seda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0970","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications","volume":"146","author":"Sateia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ctn7030019","article-title":"Update on rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD): focus on its strong association with \u03b1-synucleinopathies","volume":"7","author":"Schenck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.00321","article-title":"REM sleep behaviour disorder: not just a bad dream","volume":"207","author":"Matar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14035","article-title":"The European Insomnia Guideline: an update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023","volume":"32","author":"Riemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.014381","article-title":"Drugs for insomnia beyond benzodiazepines: pharmacology, clinical applications, and discovery","volume":"70","author":"Atkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0444-2","article-title":"Arousal and sleep circuits","volume":"45","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902370103","article-title":"Organization of cerebral cortical afferent systems in the rat. II. Hypothalamocortical projections","volume":"237","author":"Saper","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib54","first-page":"214","article-title":"Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system-mediated effects","volume":"13","author":"Griffin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3502","article-title":"Beyond classical benzodiazepines: novel therapeutic potential of GABAA receptor subtypes","volume":"10","author":"Rudolph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S164307","article-title":"Valium without dependence? Individual GABAA receptor subtype contribution toward benzodiazepine addiction, tolerance, and therapeutic effects","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.01.014","article-title":"Neural circuitry of wakefulness and sleep","volume":"93","author":"Scammell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.326","article-title":"The sleep-promoting and hypothermic effects of glycine are mediated by NMDA receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"40","author":"Kawai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4599","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094599","article-title":"Roles of neuropeptides in sleep-wake regulation","volume":"23","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00660","article-title":"Prostaglandin D2 controls local blood flow and sleep-promoting neurons in the VLPO via astrocyte-derived adenosine","volume":"14","author":"Scharbarg","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2006.06.001","article-title":"The brain\u2019s master circadian clock: implications and opportunities for therapy of sleep disorders","volume":"11","author":"Zee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(89)90052-X","article-title":"Paraventricular nucleus projections mediating pineal melatonin and gonadal responses to photoperiod in the hamster","volume":"22","author":"Smale","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.123.000953","article-title":"International union of basic and clinical pharmacology CXIV: orexin receptor function, nomenclature and pharmacology","volume":"76","author":"Kukkonen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.007","article-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep disruption and sleep fragmentation are associated with increased orexin-A cerebrospinal-fluid levels in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Liguori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy025","article-title":"Sleep deprivation and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Olsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13406","article-title":"Hypocretins (orexins): the ultimate translational neuropeptides","volume":"291","author":"Jacobson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2812355","article-title":"A More Holistic perspective of Alzheimer's disease: roles of gut microbiome, adipocytes, HPA axis, melatonergic pathway and astrocyte mitochondria in the emergence of autoimmunity","volume":"28","author":"Anderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950140307","article-title":"The ageing pineal gland and its physiological consequences","volume":"14","author":"Reiter","year":"1992","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00788-6","article-title":"Melatonin levels in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Nous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.03.014","article-title":"Hypocretin (orexin) loss in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Fronczek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.011","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of orexin-A and histamine, and sleep profile within the Alzheimer process","volume":"53","author":"Gabelle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114563","article-title":"The aging brain: sleep, the circadian clock and exercise","volume":"191","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.03.002","article-title":"Reduction in GABAB on glia induce Alzheimer\u2019s disease related changes","volume":"110","author":"Osse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105465","article-title":"What is sleep exactly? Global and local modulations of sleep oscillations all around the clock","volume":"155","author":"Andrillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"7063","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04284","article-title":"Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms","volume":"437","author":"Saper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib76","article-title":"Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia","volume":"11","author":"McCleery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18372","article-title":"American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria\u00ae for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults","volume":"71","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4582","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32212-4","article-title":"Structural and dynamic mechanisms of GABAA receptor modulators with opposing activities","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06716.x","article-title":"Role of GABAA receptors in the physiology and pharmacology of sleep","volume":"29","author":"Winsky-Sommerer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.5455\/bcp.20130527020102","article-title":"Sleep related amnestic behaviors due to zolpidem","volume":"24","author":"Cuba\u0142a","year":"2014","journal-title":"Klin Psikofarmakol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.51658","article-title":"Differences in detected safety signals between benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics: pharmacovigilance study using a spontaneous reporting system","volume":"18","author":"Toyoshima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2011.00919.x","article-title":"Spontaneous adverse event reports associated with zolpidem in Australia 2001\u20132008","volume":"20","author":"Ben-Hamou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6452","article-title":"Spontaneous adverse event reports associated with zolpidem in the United States 2003\u20132012","volume":"13","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-014-0225-0","article-title":"Stimulated reporting: the impact of US Food and Drug Administration-issued alerts on the adverse event reporting system (FAERS)","volume":"37","author":"Hoffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109815","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of dual orexin receptor antagonism beyond insomnia: neurological and psychiatric comorbidities","volume":"245","author":"Carpi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00016","article-title":"Hypocretin (orexin) regulation of sleep-to-wake transitions","volume":"5","author":"de Lecea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6583","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh3021","article-title":"Hyperexcitable arousal circuits drive sleep instability during aging","volume":"375","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13902","article-title":"The orexin story and orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of insomnia","volume":"32","author":"Muehlan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.09.020","article-title":"Sex- and age-specific all-cause mortality in insomnia with hypnotics: findings from Japan multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort Study","volume":"100","author":"Sogawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13815","article-title":"Early-onset dementia and risk of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fractures","volume":"20","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.01.004","article-title":"Hooked on benzodiazepines: GABAA receptor subtypes and addiction","volume":"34","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1529981","article-title":"Compensatory enhancement of orexinergic system functionality induced by amyloid-\u03b2 protein: a neuroprotective response in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Zhuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0136","article-title":"Orexin and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a new perspective","volume":"17","author":"Um","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2013.10.009","article-title":"Orexin in sleep, addiction and more: is the perfect insomnia drug at hand?","volume":"47","author":"Hoyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-080317-061725","article-title":"what happens with the circuit in Alzheimer's disease in mice and humans?","volume":"41","author":"Zott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"6583","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo1822","article-title":"Losing sleep with age","volume":"375","author":"Jacobson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201054","article-title":"Evaluation of SAMP8 mice as a model for sleep-wake and rhythm disturbances associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: impact of treatment with the dual orexin (hypocretin) receptor antagonist lemborexant","volume":"81","author":"Beuckmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.01.003","article-title":"Privileged scaffolds as MAO inhibitors: retrospect and prospects","volume":"145","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666230801144328","article-title":"Effects of antidepressants on sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: an overview of reviews","volume":"22","author":"Lappas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib100","article-title":"Clinically relevant drug interactions with monoamine oxidase inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Edinoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Psychol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.726","article-title":"Antidepressants and their effect on sleep","volume":"20","author":"Mayers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.118.015552","article-title":"International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. CX. Classification of receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine; pharmacology and function","volume":"73","author":"Barnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.11.003","article-title":"Serotonin control of sleep-wake behavior","volume":"15","author":"Monti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117725915","article-title":"Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors","volume":"31","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib105","first-page":"36","article-title":"Vortioxetine (brintellix): a new serotonergic antidepressant","volume":"40","author":"D\u2019Agostino","year":"2015","journal-title":"P T"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707253","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated","volume":"151","author":"Gillman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.06.001","article-title":"Doxepin for insomnia: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"Yeung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.92a.24073","article-title":"Insomnia in older adults: a review of treatment options","volume":"92","author":"Le\u00f3n-Barriera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14051","article-title":"Effects of the antipsychotic quetiapine on sleep and breathing: a review of clinical findings and potential mechanisms","volume":"33","author":"Fauska","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18933","article-title":"Anticholinergic and sedative medication use in older patients with cognitive concerns","volume":"72","author":"Hinkle","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib111","first-page":"374","article-title":"Beers criteria for inappropriate medication use in older adults: update from the American Geriatrics Society","volume":"109","author":"Arnold","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00084","article-title":"Melatonin as a hormone: new physiological and clinical insights","volume":"39","author":"Cipolla-Neto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12801","article-title":"High dose melatonin increases sleep duration during nighttime and daytime sleep episodes in older adults","volume":"73","author":"Duffy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063773","article-title":"Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders","volume":"8","author":"Ferracioli-Oda","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14116","article-title":"New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation","volume":"175","author":"Zisapel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317514568005","article-title":"Melatonin for sleep disorders and cognition in dementia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.2174\/157015910792246209","article-title":"Clinical aspects of melatonin intervention in Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression","volume":"8","author":"Cardinali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2007.00491.x","article-title":"Possible therapeutic value of melatonin in mild cognitive impairment: a retrospective study","volume":"43","author":"Furio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12782","article-title":"Safety of higher doses of melatonin in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Menczel Schrire","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102203","article-title":"Comparative efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of donanemab, lecanemab, aducanumab and lithium on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Terao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.12793\/tcp.2022.30.e21","article-title":"Melatonin and melatonergic drugs in sleep disorders","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2023.2232497","article-title":"The role of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system in sleep regulation and cognition: a review of human and animal studies","volume":"22","author":"Miranda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-019-0012-y","article-title":"The therapeutic role of cannabidiol in mental health: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101339","article-title":"Cannabinoid therapies in the management of sleep disorders: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"53","author":"Suraev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30333-7","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of pitolisant on cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Szakacs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.3916","article-title":"Profound degeneration of wake-promoting neurons in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2014.01.002","article-title":"The pharmacology of human sleep, a work in progress?","volume":"14","author":"Idzikowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020530","article-title":"Herbal remedies and their possible effect on the GABAergic system and sleep","volume":"13","author":"Bruni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c24-00069","article-title":"Anti-amyloid-\u03b2 antibodies and anti-tau therapies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recent advances and perspectives","volume":"72","author":"Suzuki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004870","article-title":"Clinical dementia rating: a reliable and valid diagnostic and staging measure for dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"9","author":"Morris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20050","article-title":"The DSM-5: classification and criteria changes","volume":"12","author":"Regier","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x","article-title":"The Mini-Mental State Examination: a comprehensive review","volume":"40","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.004","article-title":"Introduction to the recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Jack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2308","article-title":"The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia","volume":"44","author":"Cummings","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.342","article-title":"The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms","volume":"26","author":"Ancoli-Israel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib137","first-page":"301","article-title":"Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (BEHAVE-AD) rating scale","volume":"8","author":"Reisberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib138","first-page":"28","article-title":"The Clinical Global Impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64032-1.00025-4","article-title":"Polysomnography","volume":"160","author":"Rundo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0962-1105.2003.00374.x","article-title":"The Sleep Disorders Inventory: an instrument for studies of sleep disturbance in persons with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Tractenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib143","series-title":"Enzyklop\u00e4die Schlafmedizin","first-page":"1184","article-title":"Stanford sleepiness scale","author":"Hoddes","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib144","series-title":"STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales","first-page":"369","article-title":"Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS)","author":"Shahid","year":"2012"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.11.1356","article-title":"A new rating scale for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"141","author":"Rosen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib146","series-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00039-8","article-title":"Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education","volume":"19","author":"Tombaugh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib148","series-title":"The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and Clinical Interpretation","author":"Reitan","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib149","series-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Lezak","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib150","first-page":"167","article-title":"Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and animal naming","volume":"14","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000051195","article-title":"The Bayer activities of daily living scale (B-ADL)","volume":"9","author":"Hindmarch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(88)90038-8","article-title":"Cornell scale for depression in dementia","volume":"23","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x","article-title":"Assessing self-maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living","volume":"31","author":"Katz","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib154","series-title":"The Hidden Victims of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Families under Stress","author":"Zarit","year":"1985"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2488","article-title":"Effects of eszopiclone on sleep quality and cognitive function in elderly patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and sleep disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Huo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01191-3","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of zolpidem and zopiclone to treat insomnia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Louzada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12035","article-title":"Polysomnographic assessment of suvorexant in patients with probable Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia and insomnia: a randomized trial","volume":"16","author":"Herring","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13328","article-title":"Pilot evaluation of a consumer wearable device to assess sleep in a clinical polysomnography trial of suvorexant for treating insomnia in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Svetnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2020.69","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of lemborexant in patients with irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder and Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia: results from a phase 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Moline","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.12.174","article-title":"Trazodone improves sleep parameters in Alzheimer disease patients: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study","volume":"22","author":"Camargos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2015.1077855","article-title":"Circadian rhythm in Alzheimer disease after trazodone use","volume":"32","author":"Grippe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.132","article-title":"Vortioxetine treatment for depression in patients with prodromal vs mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a six-month, open-label, observational study","volume":"11","author":"Padovani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12191","article-title":"Mirtazapine does not improve sleep disorders in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Scoralick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-231167","article-title":"Safety profile of Pimavanserin therapy in elderly patients with neurodegenerative disease-related neuropsychiatric symptoms: a phase 3B study","volume":"98","author":"Alva","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-170019","article-title":"Melatonin effects on EEG activity during sleep onset in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a pilot study","volume":"2","author":"Cruz-Aguilar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2020.1750392","article-title":"Melatonin effects on EEG activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a pilot study","volume":"131","author":"Cruz-Aguilar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2021.1928115","article-title":"EEG coherence and power spectra during REM sleep related to melatonin intake in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a pilot study","volume":"133","author":"Cruz-Aguilar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-018-0068-9","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effect of melatonin on sleep quality in patients with mild\u2013moderate dementia","volume":"9","author":"Morales-Delgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2021.61","article-title":"A polymorphism cluster at the 2q12 locus may predict response to piromelatine in patients with mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib170","first-page":"947","article-title":"Add-on prolonged-release melatonin for cognitive function and sleep in mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"9","author":"Wade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000435889","article-title":"Low-dose atypical antipsychotic risperidone improves the 5-year outcome in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with sleep disturbances","volume":"96","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.70019","article-title":"3-month melatonin supplementation to reduce brain oxidative stress and improve sleep in mild cognitive impairment: a randomised controlled feasibility trial","volume":"76","author":"Menczel Schrire","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib173","first-page":"53","article-title":"Oral THC: CBD cannabis extract in main symptoms of Alzheimer disease: agitation and weight loss","volume":"174","author":"Palmieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150915","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of medical cannabis oil for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: an-open label, add-on, pilot study","volume":"51","author":"Shelef","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.11.022","article-title":"Dronabinol for the treatment of agitation and aggressive behavior in acutely hospitalized severely demented patients with noncognitive behavioral symptoms","volume":"22","author":"Woodward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib176","article-title":"Yokukansankachimpihange is useful to treat behavioral\/psychological symptoms of dementia","volume":"7","author":"Katsumoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.00119","article-title":"A preliminary trial in the efficacy of Yokukansankachimpihange on REM sleep behavior disorder in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"7","author":"Manabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.61","article-title":"The effect of memantine on sleep architecture and psychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.02.039","article-title":"Effects of donepezil on sleep disturbances in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies: an open-label study with actigraphy","volume":"251","author":"Kazui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.12779\/dnd.2016.15.4.153","article-title":"The effect of rivastigmine transdermal patch on sleep apnea in patients with probable Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement Neurocogn Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/24750573.2017.1368856","article-title":"The effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on sleep in the patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an observational prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Korucu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib182","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Effect of donepezil on Hcy level in serum of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients and correlation analysis of Hcy and dyssomnia","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-015-0453-9","article-title":"Galantamine improves sleep quality in patients with dementia","volume":"115","author":"Naharci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03331.x","article-title":"Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and night-time effects on postural sway and critical flicker fusion of gaboxadol and zolpidem in elderly subjects","volume":"67","author":"Boyle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5742","article-title":"Nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotics and risk of fall-related injury","volume":"39","author":"Tom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa084","article-title":"The effect of zolpidem on memory consolidation over a night of sleep","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.980","article-title":"Effects of prolonged-release melatonin, zolpidem, and their combination on psychomotor functions, memory recall, and driving skills in healthy middle aged and elderly volunteers","volume":"23","author":"Otmani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3352","article-title":"The effect of two benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics on sleep-dependent memory consolidation","volume":"10","author":"Hall-Porter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s42761-021-00079-1","article-title":"Zolpidem maintains memories for negative emotions across a night of sleep","volume":"3","author":"Simon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Affect Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00433","article-title":"Pharmacologically increasing sleep spindles enhances recognition for negative and high-arousal memories","volume":"25","author":"Kaestner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0591-5","article-title":"Effects on postural oscillation and memory functions of a single dose of zolpidem 5 mg, zopiclone 3.75 mg and lormetazepam 1 mg in elderly healthy subjects. A randomized, cross-over, double-blind study versus placebo","volume":"59","author":"Allain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2019.103010","article-title":"Treating insomnia in older adult patients: limiting benzodiazepine use","volume":"10","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Pharmacy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327115595683","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms for trazodone-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6470","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"13","author":"Sateia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00480","article-title":"Melatonin: clinical perspectives in neurodegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Cardinali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2018.1491200","article-title":"Melatonin as a chronobiotic\/cytoprotector: its role in healthy aging","volume":"50","author":"Cardinali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2019.06.003","article-title":"Respiratory failure triggered by cholinesterase inhibitors may involve activation of a reflex sensory pathway by acetylcholine spillover","volume":"424","author":"Nervo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00116103","article-title":"Multiple system atrophy presenting as central sleep apnoea","volume":"24","author":"Cormican","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.09.014","article-title":"Beneficial effect of donepezil on obstructive sleep apnea: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Sukys-Claudino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12702","article-title":"Melatonin controversies, an update","volume":"70","author":"Boutin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101605","article-title":"A systematic scoping review of the effects of central nervous system active drugs on sleep spindles and sleep-dependent memory consolidation","volume":"62","author":"Leong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib202","article-title":"Orexin dual receptor antagonists, zolpidem, zopiclone, eszopiclone, and cognitive research: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01654.x","article-title":"Melatonin increases survival and inhibits oxidative and amyloid pathology in a transgenic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"85","author":"Matsubara","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib204","series-title":"Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Dementia: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines","article-title":"CADTH rapid response reports","author":"Peprah","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1412006","article-title":"Three major effects of APOE\u03b54 on A\u03b2 immunotherapy induced ARIA","volume":"16","author":"Foley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230854","article-title":"Tackling dementia together via the Australian Dementia Network (ADNeT): a summary of initiatives, progress and plans","volume":"96","author":"Naismith","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-024-00808-4","article-title":"Current and emerging sleep interventions for older adults with or without mild cognitive impairment","volume":"26","author":"Suraev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2017.1384777","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and insomnia randomized to CBT-I or control group","volume":"41","author":"Cassidy-Eagle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2018.1518223","article-title":"\u2018Sleep Well, Think Well\u2019 group program for mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Naismith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2024.07.002","article-title":"Acoustic stimulation to improve slow-wave sleep in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a multiple night at-home intervention","volume":"33","author":"Van den Bulcke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib212","article-title":"International recommendations for sleep and circadian research in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a Delphi consensus study","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3298","article-title":"Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter?","volume":"37","author":"Buysse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.06.010","article-title":"Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2876","article-title":"Association of short and long sleep duration with amyloid-\u03b2 burden and cognition in aging","volume":"78","author":"Winer","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.02.004","article-title":"Sleep and human aging","volume":"94","author":"Mander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32830867c4","article-title":"Is there a link between sleep changes and memory in Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"19","author":"Rauchs","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03253-7","article-title":"Characterising Australian memory clinics: current practice and service needs informing national service guidelines","volume":"22","author":"Naismith","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6504","article-title":"Impact of obstructive sleep apnea and its treatments on partners: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Luyster","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.942","article-title":"Quality of life in bed partners of patients with obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"124","author":"Parish","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00361-6","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: towards clinical implementation","volume":"21","author":"Teunissen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib222","article-title":"Impact of plasma pTau181 levels on clinician diagnostic confidence and management in memory and cognition clinics: a multi-site before-and-after study","author":"Michaelian","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100708","article-title":"Donanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"384","author":"Mintun","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160203142111","article-title":"Pharmacotherpy and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the M-drugs (melatonin, minocycline, modafinil, and memantine) approach","volume":"22","author":"Daulatzai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2023.2214316","article-title":"Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for sleep disturbances in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Javed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib226","article-title":"Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia","volume":"11","author":"McCleery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13229","article-title":"Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to enhance sleep in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Blackman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031699725075027?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031699725075027?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T10:57:02Z","timestamp":1773831422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031699725075027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":226,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031699725075027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6997","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Waking up to the evidence of pharmacological treatments used to manage sleep disorders in people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment\u2014A scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmr.2025.100094","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100094"}}