{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:49:16Z","timestamp":1792802956677,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,23]],"date-time":"2016-07-23T05:44:27Z","timestamp":1469252667000},"page":"38-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Influence of steroid hormones on ventricular repolarization"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Joe-Elie","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Alexandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bachelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Funck-Brentano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1877","article-title":"Complex influence of gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones on QT interval duration","author":"Abehsira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0010","first-page":"52","article-title":"Rabbit ventricular myocardium undergoing simulated ischemia and reperfusion in a double compartment tissue bath: a model to investigate both antiarrhythmic and arrhythmogenic likelihood","volume":"5","author":"Alexandre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000097","article-title":"Proarrhythmic effects of aldosterone during myocardial ischemia\u2013reperfusion: implication of the sarcolemmal-KATP channels","volume":"64","author":"Alexandre","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12122","article-title":"Aldosterone and testosterone: two steroid hormones structurally related but with opposite electrophysiological properties during myocardial ischemia\u2013reperfusion","volume":"29","author":"Alexandre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12256","article-title":"The effect of chronic anabolic-androgenic steroid use on Tp-E interval, Tp-E\/Qt ratio, and Tp-E\/Qtc ratio in male bodybuilders","volume":"20","author":"Alizade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv371","article-title":"Estradiol regulates human QT-interval: acceleration of cardiac repolarization by enhanced KCNH2 membrane trafficking","volume":"37","author":"Anneken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3014","article-title":"Genetic association study of QT interval highlights role for calcium signaling pathways in myocardial repolarization","volume":"46","author":"Arking","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.523217","article-title":"Nontranscriptional regulation of cardiac repolarization currents by testosterone","volume":"112","author":"Bai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078511","article-title":"Genome wide analysis of drug-induced torsades de pointes: lack of common variants with large effect sizes","volume":"8","author":"Behr","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.12.1139","article-title":"Aldosterone upregulates Ca(2+) current in adult rat cardiomyocytes","volume":"85","author":"Benitah","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.109918","article-title":"Sex differences on the electrocardiographic pattern of cardiac repolarization: possible role of testosterone","volume":"140","author":"Bidoggia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/330373a0","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of K+-channel messenger RNA in rat myometrium during oestrus cycle and in pregnancy","volume":"330","author":"Boyle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00707-2","article-title":"Gender-specific differences in the QT interval and the effect of autonomic tone and menstrual cycle in healthy adults","volume":"79","author":"Burke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048189.58449.F7","article-title":"Spironolactone and its main metabolite, canrenoic acid, block human ether-a-go-go-related gene channels","volume":"107","author":"Caballero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00050-4","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of the risk of QT prolongation with hormone replacement therapy: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"13","author":"Carnethon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1998.0167","article-title":"Regulation of the human menstrual cycle","volume":"19","author":"Chabbert Buffet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.11.041","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on ventricular repolarization in hypogonadic men","volume":"103","author":"Charbit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.203398","article-title":"Regional genomic regulation of cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger by oestrogen","volume":"589","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.03.005","article-title":"Drugs for men and women - how important is gender as a risk factor for TdP?","volume":"119","author":"Coker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.04.008","article-title":"The Lambeth conventions (II): guidelines for the study of animal and human ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias","volume":"139","author":"Curtis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0325-5","article-title":"Implications of the IQ-CSRC prospective study: time to revise ICH E14","volume":"38","author":"Darpo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(00)00123-7","article-title":"Resting ECG is modified after oophorectomy and regresses with estrogen replacement therapy in premenopausal women","volume":"36","author":"De Leo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.6.1471","article-title":"Sex hormones prolong the QT interval and downregulate potassium channel expression in the rabbit heart","volume":"94","author":"Drici","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960151010","article-title":"QT-interval abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Dritsas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2004.92530.x","article-title":"Menstrual cycle and ST height","volume":"9","author":"Endres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.006","article-title":"A new oral therapy for long QT syndrome: long-term oral potassium improves repolarization in patients with HERG mutations","volume":"42","author":"Etheridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3283939","article-title":"The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily","volume":"240","author":"Evans","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.3.968","article-title":"Electrophysiological effects of myocardial stretch and mechanical determinants of stretch-activated arrhythmias","volume":"86","author":"Franz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17B","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90035-B","article-title":"Rate-corrected QT interval: techniques and limitations","volume":"72","author":"Funck-Brentano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0150","first-page":"772","article-title":"Relationship of QT dispersion with sex hormones and insulin in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an observational study","volume":"13","author":"Gazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anadolu Kardiyol Derg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0155","author":"GeneCards"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(00)00317-X","article-title":"Effects of progestin-estrogen replacement therapy on QT-dispersion in postmenopausal women","volume":"75","author":"Haseroth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1956.186.2.317","article-title":"Effect of several cations on transmembrane potentials of cardiac muscle","volume":"186","author":"Hoffman","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181f73f81","article-title":"Down-regulation of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene in rat cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"341","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00436-6","article-title":"Influence of endogenous oestrogens on QT interval duration","volume":"24","author":"Hulot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0180","first-page":"61134","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of QT\/QTc interval prolongation and proarrhythmic potential for non-antiarrhythmic drugs; availability. Notice","volume":"70","author":"International Conference on Harmonization - E14","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017874","article-title":"The Mg2+ block and intrinsic gating underlying inward rectification of the K+ current in Guinea-pig cardiac myocytes","volume":"419","author":"Ishihara","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.04.002","article-title":"Gender disparity in cardiac electrophysiology: implications for cardiac safety pharmacology","volume":"127","author":"Jonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12580","article-title":"Short QTc interval in males with klinefelter syndrome-influence of CAG repeat length, body composition, and testosterone replacement therapy","volume":"38","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2004.94580.x","article-title":"Estrogen and progestin use and the QT interval in postmenopausal women","volume":"9","author":"Kadish","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1542-474X.2003.08404.x","article-title":"Comparison of electrocardiographic repolarization patterns between hypogonad males and normal subjects","volume":"8","author":"Kirilmaz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b212021","article-title":"Non-genomic action of sex steroid hormones and cardiac repolarization","volume":"36","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.150367","article-title":"Acute effects of oestrogen on the Guinea pig and human IKr channels and drug-induced prolongation of cardiac repolarization","volume":"586","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00523-2","article-title":"Effects of hormone replacement therapy on QT interval","volume":"82","author":"Larsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2005.04.011","article-title":"Nonclinical proarrhythmia models: predicting torsades de pointes","volume":"52","author":"Lawrence","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00193-9","article-title":"Effect of estrogen on ventricular repolarization in menopausal patients with syndrome X and effects of nicorandil","volume":"84","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00673-9","article-title":"In vivo androgen treatment shortens the QT interval and increases the densities of inward and delayed rectifier potassium currents in orchiectomized male rabbits","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.22.2237","article-title":"Age- and sex-related differences in clinical manifestations in patients with congenital long-QT syndrome: findings from the international LQTS registry","volume":"97","author":"Locati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e31818957eb","article-title":"Mutations and polymorphisms of the FSH receptor (FSHR) gene: clinical implications in female fecundity and molecular biology of FSHR protein and gene","volume":"63","author":"Lussiana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5596","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13163","article-title":"Aldosterone down-regulates the slowly activated delayed rectifier potassium current in adult Guinea pig cardiomyocytes","volume":"172","author":"Lv","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(85)90049-1","article-title":"The dynamic interaction between steroids and gonadotropins in the mammalian ovulatory cycle","volume":"9","author":"Mahesh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510210076031","article-title":"Female gender as a risk factor for torsades de pointes associated with cardiovascular drugs","volume":"270","author":"Makkar","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.07.044","article-title":"Effect of testosterone therapy on QT dispersion in men with heart failure","volume":"92","author":"Malkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90510-X","article-title":"Prolonged QT interval in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy in children","volume":"127","author":"Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2006.09.003","article-title":"Electrocardiographic reference ranges derived from 79,743 ambulatory subjects","volume":"40","author":"Mason","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2005.04161.x","article-title":"Prolongation of the QT interval in primary aldosteronism","volume":"32","author":"Matsumura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000251908.93298.a0","article-title":"QT interval in patients with primary aldosteronism and low-renin essential hypertension","volume":"24","author":"Maule","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2011.77","article-title":"Ventricular repolarization before and after treatment in patients with secondary hypertension due to renal-artery stenosis and primary aldosteronism","volume":"34","author":"Maule","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.015","article-title":"Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"45","author":"Milliez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2006.00407.x","article-title":"Influence of menstrual cycle on QT interval dynamics","volume":"29","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.702407","article-title":"Progesterone regulates cardiac repolarization through a nongenomic pathway: an in vitro patch-clamp and computational modeling study","volume":"116","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61345-2","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"370","author":"Norman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02768-6","article-title":"Repolarization measures and their relation to sex hormones in postmenopausal women with cardiovascular disease receiving hormone replacement therapy","volume":"90","author":"Nowinski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.01.009","article-title":"Estradiol promotes sudden cardiac death in transgenic long QT type 2 rabbits while progesterone is protective","volume":"9","author":"Odening","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.503706","article-title":"Conditional mineralocorticoid receptor expression in the heart leads to life-threatening arrhythmias","volume":"111","author":"Ouvrard-Pascaud","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.33","article-title":"High prevalence of prolonged QT interval in obese hypogonadal males","volume":"19","author":"Pecori Giraldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.17.2207","article-title":"Impact of sex and gonadal steroids on prolongation of ventricular repolarization and arrhythmias induced by I(K)-blocking drugs","volume":"103","author":"Pham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706850","article-title":"Greater antiarrhythmic activity of acute 17beta-estradiol in female than male anaesthetized rats: correlation with Ca2+ channel blockade","volume":"149","author":"Philp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.07.035","article-title":"A gender-independent proarrhythmic action of 17beta-estradiol in anaesthetized rabbits","volume":"575","author":"Philp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022147","article-title":"Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Priori","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.05.004","article-title":"Perception of validity of clinical and preclinical methods for assessment of torsades de pointes liability","volume":"119","author":"Pugsley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.04.133","article-title":"New age- and sex-specific criteria for QT prolongation based on rate correction formulas that minimize bias at the upper normal limits","volume":"174","author":"Rautaharju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0365","first-page":"395","article-title":"Modulation by testosterone of an endogenous hERG potassium channel current","volume":"59","author":"Ridley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032426","article-title":"Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval","volume":"350","author":"Roden","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1322","article-title":"Drug-induced QT prolongation in women during the menstrual cycle","volume":"285","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4236\/oju.2012.223029","article-title":"Changes in electrocardiogram findings during treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and surgical castration for prostate carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Sa\u011flam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.08.057","article-title":"Long QT syndrome in adults","volume":"49","author":"Sauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.054","article-title":"Testosterone is a potent inhibitor of L-type Ca(2+) channels","volume":"318","author":"Scragg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12050","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use and the ECG: evidence of an adverse QT effect on corrected QT interval","volume":"18","author":"Sedlak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.09.054","article-title":"Long QT syndrome and pregnancy","volume":"49","author":"Seth","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282e9a72d","article-title":"Spironolactone has antiarrhythmic activity in ischaemic cardiac patients without cardiac failure","volume":"25","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.11.011","article-title":"Pharmacological profile of progestins","volume":"61","author":"Sitruk-Ware","year":"2008","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.02.005","article-title":"Aldosterone blockade attenuates development of an electrophysiological substrate associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias in heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Stambler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.04.009","article-title":"Assessing the proarrhythmic potential of drugs: current status of models and surrogate parameters of torsades de pointes arrhythmias","volume":"112","author":"Thomsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00115-8","article-title":"Acute effects of aldosterone on intracardiac monophasic action potentials","volume":"84","author":"Tillmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01869.x","article-title":"The influence of progesterone alone and in combination with estradiol on ventricular action potential duration and triangulation in response to potassium channel inhibition","volume":"22","author":"Tisdale","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000152","article-title":"Development and validation of a risk score to predict QT interval prolongation in hospitalized patients","volume":"6","author":"Tisdale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2016.02.015","article-title":"Influence of oral progesterone administration on drug-induced QT interval lengthening: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study JACC","author":"Tisdale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9406-z","article-title":"The association of serum testosterone levels and ventricular repolarization","volume":"25","author":"van Noord","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.07.010","article-title":"Mechanisms of sex and age differences in ventricular repolarization in humans","volume":"168","author":"Vicente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1054\/jelc.2001.26323","article-title":"The effect of estrogen replacement therapy on ventricular repolarization dynamics in healthy postmenopausal women","volume":"34","author":"Vrtovec","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345619","article-title":"Testosterone-related shortening of QTc interval in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Vrtovec","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02303.x","article-title":"Interaction of gonadal steroids and the glucocorticoid corticosterone in the regulation of the L-type Ca(2+) current in rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes","volume":"202","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1177\/00912709922011809","article-title":"The effect of pharmacokinetically guided acute intravenous testosterone administration on electrocardiographic and blood pressure variables","volume":"39","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.18.1921","article-title":"Characteristics and distribution of M cells in arterially perfused canine left ventricular wedge preparations","volume":"98","author":"Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181d6f7dd","article-title":"Effects of sex hormones on cardiac repolarization","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.3.407","article-title":"Extracellular potassium modulation of drug block of IKr. Implications for torsade de pointes and reverse use-dependence","volume":"93","author":"Yang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.11.1363","article-title":"Drug induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes","volume":"89","author":"Yap","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01243-8","article-title":"Circadian variation in the effects of aldosterone blockade on heart rate variability and QT dispersion in congestive heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Yee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.063","article-title":"Potent inhibition of human cardiac potassium (HERG) channels by the anti-estrogen agent clomiphene-without QT interval prolongation","volume":"318","author":"Yuill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr172","article-title":"Sex-steroid hormones and electrocardiographic QT-interval duration: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"174","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725816301255?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725816301255?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T16:53:17Z","timestamp":1568220797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163725816301255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":101,"alternative-id":["S0163725816301255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-7258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-7258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Influence of steroid hormones on ventricular repolarization","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}