{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:03:39Z","timestamp":1792458219032,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002911","name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["910258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["910258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-105847RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-105847RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2016-78864-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2016-78864-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2013-40592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2013-40592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016145","name":"Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019I025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019I025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016145","name":"Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017I017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017I017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016145","name":"Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014I015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014I015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology & Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:59:32Z","timestamp":1611017972000},"page":"107807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Addiction and the kynurenine pathway: A new dancing couple?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Nuria","family":"Morales-Puerto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Gim\u00e9nez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Abuin-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"Gil de Biedma-Elduayen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"O'Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Colado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0005","first-page":"516","article-title":"Differentiation and molecular heterogeneity of inhibitory and excitatory neurons associated with midbrain dopaminergic nuclei","volume":"143","author":"Airavaara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq151","article-title":"Exposure to kynurenic acid during adolescence produces memory deficits in adulthood","volume":"38","author":"Akagbosu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.12.014","article-title":"Kynurenic acid as an antagonist of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain: Facts and challenges","volume":"85","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.01.063","article-title":"Early developmental elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility in adults: Reversal with galantamine","volume":"238","author":"Alexander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.177386","article-title":"Age dependency of inhibition of \u03b17 nicotinic receptors and tonically active N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by endogenously produced kynurenic acid in the brain","volume":"337","author":"Alkondon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53312-0","article-title":"Serotonin is the main tryptophan metabolite associated with psychiatric comorbidity in abstinent cocaine-addicted patients","volume":"9","author":"Araos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06077.x","article-title":"Allosteric modulation of \u03b17 nicotinic receptors selectively depolarizes hippocampal interneurons, enhancing spontaneous GABAergic transmission","volume":"27","author":"Arnaiz-Cot","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00198","article-title":"Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene associated with nicotine initiation and addiction: Analysis of novel regulatory features at 5\u2032 and 3\u2019-regions","volume":"9","author":"Aziz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR200133","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in alcoholism","volume":"15","author":"Badawy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutrition Research Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646917691938","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism: Regulatory and functional aspects","volume":"10","author":"Badawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2007.07.020","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolites as potent inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and potential alcoholism-aversion therapeutic agents","volume":"1304","author":"Badawy","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Congress Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agp005","article-title":"Activation of liver tryptophan pyrrolase mediates the decrease in tryptophan availability to the brain after acute alcohol consumption by normal subjects","volume":"44","author":"Badawy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agr134","article-title":"Tryptophan in alcoholism treatment I: Kynurenine metabolites inhibit the rat liver mitochondrial low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, elevate blood acetaldehyde concentration and induce aversion to alcohol","volume":"46","author":"Badawy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00080-X","article-title":"Substituted quinolines as inhibitors of l-glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles","volume":"37","author":"Bartlett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109883","article-title":"Prenatal THC exposure raises kynurenic acid levels in the prefrontal cortex of adult rats","volume":"100","author":"Beggiato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-2997(83)90005-5","article-title":"Biochemistry of tryptophan in health and disease","volume":"6","author":"Bender","year":"1983","journal-title":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4048764","article-title":"Coca: The history and medical significance of an ancient andean tradition","volume":"2016","author":"Biondich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emergency Medicine International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90814-X","article-title":"Kynurenate and FG9041 have both competitive and non-competitive antagonist actions at excitatory amino acid receptors","volume":"151","author":"Birch","year":"1988","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114093","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) functions: Balancing opposing processes including inflammatory reactions","volume":"178","author":"Bock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03351.x","article-title":"Alcohol and depression","volume":"106","author":"Boden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2019.00078","article-title":"VTA GABA neurons at the Interface of stress and reward","volume":"13","author":"Bouarab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.7b00294","article-title":"First time view on human metabolome changes after a single intake of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in healthy placebo-controlled subjects","volume":"16","author":"Boxler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Proteome Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl033","article-title":"Elevations of endogenous kynurenic acid produce spatial working memory deficits","volume":"33","author":"Chess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(99)00048-9","article-title":"Quinolinic acid formation in immune-activated mice: Studies with (m-nitrobenzoyl)-alanine (mNBA) and 3,4-dimethoxy-[-N-4-(\u22123-nitrophenyl) thiazol-2yl]-benzenesulfonamide (Ro 61-8048), two potent and selective inhibitors of kynurenine hydroxylase","volume":"38","author":"Chiarugi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1508490","article-title":"Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use","volume":"374","author":"Compton","year":"2016","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.11.014","article-title":"G-protein coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) activation and inflammatory pain: Studies on the antinociceptive effects of kynurenic acid and zaprinast","volume":"60","author":"Cosi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.07.044","article-title":"Psychostimulants affect dopamine transmission through both dopamine transporter-dependent and independent mechanisms HHS public access","volume":"764","author":"Dela Pe\u00f1a","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00229","article-title":"Multifunctional analogs of Kynurenic acid for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Synthesis, pharmacology, and molecular modeling studies","volume":"8","author":"Deora","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00372-6","article-title":"Drug addiction as dopamine-dependent associative learning disorder","volume":"375","author":"Di Chiara","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010071","article-title":"Neuroprotective and neuromodulatory effects induced by cannabidiol and cannabigerol in rat hypo-E22 cells and isolated hypothalamus","volume":"9","author":"di Giacomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103575","article-title":"Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects induced by cannabidiol and cannabigerol in rat CTX-TNA2 astrocytes and isolated cortexes","volume":"21","author":"di Giacomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq024","article-title":"Kynurenic acid is a potent endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand that synergistically induces interleukin-6 in the presence of inflammatory signaling","volume":"115","author":"DiNatale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences: An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.12.005","article-title":"Metabolism and metabolomics of opiates: A long way of forensic implications to unravel","volume":"61","author":"Dinis-Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041108","article-title":"Lack of modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine alpha-7 receptor currents by Kynurenic acid in adult hippocampal interneurons","volume":"7","author":"Dobelis","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2020.09.006","article-title":"Early and late behavioral consequences of ethanol withdrawal: Focus on brain indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity","volume":"90","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.09.013","article-title":"Drug mimicry: Promiscuous receptors PXR and AhR, and microbial metabolite interactions in the intestine","volume":"41","author":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s002100000325","article-title":"Pharmacologically elevated levels of endogenous kynurenic acid prevent nicotine-induced activation of nigral dopamine neurons","volume":"363","author":"Erhardt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Archives of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10044","article-title":"Excitatory and inhibitory responses of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area to nicotine","volume":"43","author":"Erhardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.12.011","article-title":"Adaptive and behavioral changes in kynurenine 3-monooxygenase knockout mice: Relevance to psychotic disorders","volume":"82","author":"Erhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03312.2002","article-title":"Psychomotor stimulant addiction: A neural systems perspective","volume":"22","author":"Everitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.074765","article-title":"Cinnabarinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, activates type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptors","volume":"81","author":"Fazio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17799","article-title":"Xanthurenic acid activates mGlu2\/3 metabotropic glutamate receptors and is a potential trait marker for schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Fazio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0215","series-title":"Neuropathology of drug addictions and substance misuse volume 1","author":"Foga\u00e7a","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0220","series-title":"Neuropathology of drug addictions and substance misuse volume 2","author":"Foga\u00e7a","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03460.x","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier transport of kynurenines: Implications for brain synthesis and metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Fukui","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2000000300030","article-title":"Neuroprotection, excitotoxicicity and NMDA antagonists","volume":"58","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0692-8","article-title":"Behavioural studies with a newly developed neuroprotective KYNA-amide","volume":"119","author":"Gell\u00e9rt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.04.016","article-title":"Increasing kynurenine brain levels reduces ethanol consumption in mice by inhibiting dopamine release in nucleus accumbens","volume":"135","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12900","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900491RR","article-title":"Changes in brain kynurenine levels via gut microbiota and gut-barrier disruption induced by chronic ethanol exposure in mice","volume":"33","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2019","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu011","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in post-withdrawal alcohol-dependent patients","volume":"49","author":"Gleissenthall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1159\/000481168","article-title":"Prenatal dynamics of kynurenine pathway metabolism in mice: Focus on Kynurenic acid","volume":"39","author":"Goeden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Developmental Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(89)90143-7","article-title":"Excitatory amino acids and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Greenamyre","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706914","article-title":"Modulation of the function of presynaptic \u03b17 and non-\u03b17 nicotinic receptors by the tryptophan metabolites, 5-hydroxyindole and kynurenate in mouse brain","volume":"149","author":"Grilli","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08493.x","article-title":"Quinolinic acid: Neurotoxicity","volume":"279","author":"Guillemin","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1948.tb03350.x","article-title":"The sensitizing effect of tetraethylthiuramdisulphide (antabuse) to ethylalcohol","volume":"4","author":"Hald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113482532","article-title":"Amphetamine, past and present - A pharmacological and clinical perspective","volume":"27","author":"Heal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180313113411","article-title":"Ischemic stroke and kynurenines: Medicinal chemistry aspects","volume":"25","author":"Hertelendy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7463","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07463.2001","article-title":"The brain metabolite Kynurenic acid inhibits \u03b17 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-\u03b17 nicotinic receptor expression: Physiopathological implications","volume":"21","author":"Hilmas","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.8.993","article-title":"Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients","volume":"143","author":"Hughes","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)97589-7","article-title":"Studies on the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. ii. A role of picolinic carboxylase in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from tryptophan in mammals","volume":"240","author":"Ikeda","year":"1965","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.12.004","article-title":"\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol modulate mitogen-induced tryptophan degradation and neopterin formation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro","volume":"207","author":"Jenny","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3082647","article-title":"The potential role of cannabinoids in modulating serotonergic signaling by their influence on tryptophan metabolism","volume":"3","author":"Jenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00011","article-title":"Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase mediates emotional deficits by the kynurenine\/tryptophan pathway in the ethanol addiction\/withdrawal mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11244","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3009-04.2004","article-title":"Cellular\/molecular precise localization of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on glutamatergic axon terminals in the rat ventral tegmental area","volume":"24","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2018.1458090","article-title":"Discovery and development of varenicline for smoking cessation","volume":"13","author":"Jordan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.32","article-title":"Diversity of dopaminergic neural circuits in response to drug exposure","volume":"41","author":"Juarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3540","article-title":"Reducing cannabinoid abuse and preventing relapse by enhancing endogenous brain levels of kynurenic acid","volume":"16","author":"Justinova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.011","article-title":"Glutamate transmission in addiction","volume":"56","author":"Kalivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.07.002","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway metabolism and the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"112","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2069-2","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor blockade may attenuate cocaine self-administration by decreasing brain reward function in rats","volume":"179","author":"Kenny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb01881.x","article-title":"A Glycine site associated with N-methyl\u2011d-aspartic acid receptors: Characterization and identification of a new class of antagonists","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.11.001","article-title":"Anxiety-like behaviors following chronic ethanol exposure","volume":"28","author":"Kliethermes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.12.003","article-title":"Glutamate and reinstatement","volume":"9","author":"Knackstedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-006-0545-z","article-title":"Kynurenine in combination with probenecid mitigates the stimulation-induced increase of c-fos immunoreactivity of the rat caudal trigeminal nucleus in an experimental migraine model","volume":"114","author":"Knyih\u00e1r-Csillik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.012","article-title":"A role for brain stress systems in addiction","volume":"59","author":"Koob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0","article-title":"Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis","volume":"24","author":"Koob","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110","article-title":"Neurocircuitry of addiction","volume":"35","author":"Koob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.03.004","article-title":"A systemically-available kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II) inhibitor restores nicotine-evoked glutamatergic activity in the cortex of rats","volume":"82","author":"Koshy Cherian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11406","article-title":"Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder a review","volume":"320","author":"Kranzler","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0405","first-page":"551","article-title":"Kynurenine protection against ethanol-induced disorders of the burrowing reflex in mice and rats","volume":"41","author":"Lapin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zhurnal Vysshe\u012d Nervno\u012d Deiatelnosti Imeni I P Pavlova"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopen.2018.05.001","article-title":"AhR signaling pathways and regulatory functions","volume":"7","author":"Larigot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochimie Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.07.002","article-title":"Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 make separate, tissue-specific contributions to basal and inflammation-induced kynurenine pathway metabolism in mice","volume":"1860","author":"Larkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30759-7","article-title":"Effect of narcotics on the uptake of serotonin precursors by the rat brain","volume":"200","author":"Larson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.01.031","article-title":"Pharmacological activation of mGlu4 and mGlu7 receptors, by LSP2-9166, reduces ethanol consumption and relapse in rat","volume":"133","author":"Lebourgeois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/24.6.659","article-title":"Quantitative aspects of tryptophan metabolism in humans and other species: A review","volume":"24","author":"Leklem","year":"1971","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)90630-0","article-title":"Serotonin and alcohol intake, abuse, and dependence: Clinical evidence","volume":"36","author":"LeMarquand","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq086","article-title":"Increased levels of kynurenine and Kynurenic acid in the CSF of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Linderholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.123109","article-title":"Competitive antagonism between the nicotinic allosteric potentiating ligand galantamine and kynurenic acid at alpha7* nicotinic receptors","volume":"322","author":"Lopes","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087877","article-title":"Identification of cinnabarinic acid as a novel endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand that drives IL-22 production","volume":"9","author":"Lowe","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.06.053","article-title":"Alcohol, stress hormones, and the prefrontal cortex: A proposed pathway to the dark side of addiction","volume":"277","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.01.017","article-title":"Drug-evoked synaptic plasticity in addiction: From molecular changes to circuit remodeling","volume":"69","author":"L\u00fcscher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2018.2985","article-title":"Overexpression of kynurenic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid after rat traumatic brain injury","volume":"62","author":"Mangas","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Histochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90736-F","article-title":"Delayed application of MK-801 attenuates development of morphine tolerance in rats","volume":"558","author":"Marek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8655","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-21-08655.2001","article-title":"The circuitry mediating cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior","volume":"21","author":"McFarland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)63005-X","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of drug addiction: hypodopaminergic state","volume":"63","author":"Melis","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Review of Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7082","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1872","article-title":"Novel tryptophan catabolic enzyme IDO2 is the preferred biochemical target of the antitumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitory compound D-1-methyl-tryptophan","volume":"67","author":"Metz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxt073","article-title":"IDO2 is critical for IDO1-mediated T-cell regulation and exerts a non-redundant function in inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Metz","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00576-3","article-title":"Novel psychopharmacological therapies for psychiatric disorders: Psilocybin and MDMA","volume":"3","author":"Mithoefer","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.06.003","article-title":"Electrophysiological characterisation of the actions of kynurenic acid at ligand-gated ion channels","volume":"57","author":"Mok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0763-x","article-title":"Kynurenic acid: A metabolite with multiple actions and multiple targets in brain and periphery","volume":"119","author":"Moroni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.26.853","article-title":"Effect of amphetamine on kyunrenine aminotransferase and kynurenine hydrolase activities in normal mouse liver","volume":"26","author":"Moussa","year":"1978","journal-title":"Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2020.18.4.507","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in neuropsychiatric disorders: Pathophysiologic and therapeutic considerations","volume":"18","author":"Muneer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0520","first-page":"47","article-title":"Species and cell types difference in tryptophan metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Murakami","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-103592","article-title":"Current findings and mechanisms of action of disulfiram in the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"49","author":"Mutschler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1151\/spp05314","article-title":"The neurobiology of cocaine addiction","volume":"3","author":"Nestler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science & Practice Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12651","article-title":"The relationship of alcohol use disorders and depressive symptoms to tryptophan metabolism: Cross-sectional data from a Nepalese alcohol treatment sample","volume":"39","author":"Neupane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.10.022","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptors: From the workbench to the bedside","volume":"60","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.07.013","article-title":"Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of male patients with schizophrenia","volume":"80","author":"Nilsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0343-z","article-title":"Subchronic treatment with kynurenine and probenecid: Effects on prepulse inhibition and firing of midbrain dopamine neurons","volume":"113","author":"Nilsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.09.028","article-title":"The role of orphan G protein-coupled receptors in the modulation of pain: A review","volume":"212","author":"Nourbakhsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05726","article-title":"Opioids block long-term potentiation of inhibitory synapses","volume":"446","author":"Nugent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a012229","article-title":"A brain on cannabinoids: The role of dopamine release in reward seeking","volume":"2","author":"Oleson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145708009383","article-title":"Elevated levels of kynurenic acid change the dopaminergic response to amphetamine: Implications for schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Olsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0706-6","article-title":"Subchronic elevation of brain kynurenic acid augments amphetamine-induced locomotor response in mice","volume":"119","author":"Olsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10491","article-title":"An endogenous tumour-promoting ligand of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"478","author":"Opitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00490","article-title":"Oleoylethanolamide, neuroinflammation, and alcohol abuse","volume":"11","author":"Orio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706783","article-title":"MDMA-induced neurotoxicity: Long-term effects on 5-HT biosynthesis and the influence of ambient temperature","volume":"148","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01732.x","article-title":"Metabolic biomarkers of prenatal alcohol exposure in human embryonic stem cell-derived neural lineages","volume":"36","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5712-09.2010","article-title":"Prefrontal \u03b22 subunit-containing and \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors differentially control glutamatergic and cholinergic signaling","volume":"30","author":"Parikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1625-1","article-title":"Alterations in tryptophan and purine metabolism in cocaine addiction: A metabolomic study","volume":"206","author":"Patkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)91048-4","article-title":"An iontophoretic investigation of the actions of convulsant kynurenines and their interaction with the endogenous excitant quinolinic acid","volume":"247","author":"Perkins","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03166.x","article-title":"The activity of the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is decreased in smokers","volume":"145","author":"Pertovaara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666150515234920","article-title":"The emerging role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the pathophysiology of chronic stress-related disorders","volume":"14","author":"Peterlik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05495-y","article-title":"Activation of alpha7 nicotinic and NMDA receptors is necessary for performance in a working memory task","volume":"237","author":"Phenis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00305.x","article-title":"The L-kynurenine-probenecid combination reduces neuropathic pain in rats","volume":"17","author":"Pineda-Farias","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01612.x","article-title":"Effects of cannabinoids on prefrontal neuronal responses to ventral tegmental area stimulation","volume":"14","author":"Pistis","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02019.x","article-title":"Cannabinoids inhibit excitatory inputs to neurons in the shell of the nucleus accumbens: An in vivo electrophysiological study","volume":"15","author":"Pistis","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0016-5","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism as a common therapeutic target in cancer, neurodegeneration and beyond","volume":"18","author":"Platten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08064.x","article-title":"Pre- and postnatal exposure to kynurenine causes cognitive deficits in adulthood","volume":"35","author":"Pocivavsek","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3452-2","article-title":"Continuous kynurenine administration during the prenatal period, but not during adolescence, causes learning and memory deficits in adult rats","volume":"231","author":"Pocivavsek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(72)90094-9","article-title":"Effect of cannabis extract, \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol and lysergic acid diethylamide on rat liver enzymes","volume":"21","author":"Poddar","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(74)90643-1","article-title":"Potentiating effect of cannabidiol on \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced changes in hepatic enzymes","volume":"23","author":"Poddar","year":"1974","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000017309","article-title":"Dopaminergic control of kynurenate levels and N-methyl-D-aspartate toxicity in the developing rat striatum","volume":"20","author":"Poeggeler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Developmental Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.05.033","article-title":"Dopamine receptor activation reveals a novel, kynurenate-sensitive component of striatal N-methyl-d-aspartate neurotoxicity","volume":"148","author":"Poeggeler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13879","article-title":"Synaptic function and plasticity in identified inhibitory inputs onto VTA dopamine neurons","volume":"47","author":"Polter","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0685","first-page":"10","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway as a new target of cognitive impairment induced by lead toxicity during the lactation","author":"Ramirez Ortega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00577-0","article-title":"Systemic d-amphetamine administration causes a reduction of kynurenic acid levels in rat brain","volume":"802","author":"Rassoulpour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03134.x","article-title":"Nanomolar concentrations of kynurenic acid reduce extracellular dopamine levels in the striatum","volume":"93","author":"Rassoulpour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.05.031","article-title":"Treating the periphery to ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"145","author":"Reinhart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.04.038","article-title":"Kynurenic acid and zaprinast induce analgesia by modulating HCN channels through GPR35 activation","volume":"108","author":"Resta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.10.040","article-title":"Pharmacological kynurenine 3-monooxygenase enzyme inhibition significantly reduces neuropathic pain in a rat model","volume":"102","author":"Rojewska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00724","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2 and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, enzymes of the kynurenine pathway, Significantly diminishes neuropathic pain in a rat model","volume":"9","author":"Rojewska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2018.10.002","article-title":"Kynurenic acid and zaprinast diminished CXCL17-evoked pain-related behaviour and enhanced morphine analgesia in a mouse neuropathic pain model","volume":"71","author":"Rojewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10297","article-title":"Reconstructing eukaryotic NAD metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Rongvaux","year":"2003","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","article-title":"Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity","volume":"16","author":"Rooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4378","DOI":"10.1021\/jm970467t","article-title":"Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides as high-affinity inhibitors of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase","volume":"40","author":"R\u00f6ver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3381","article-title":"The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders","volume":"14","author":"Russo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.02.053","article-title":"Kynurenic acid and its analogue can alter the opioid receptor G-protein signaling after acute treatment via NMDA receptor in rat cortex and striatum","volume":"376","author":"Samavati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.02.007","article-title":"Reduction of kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid ratio in both the depressed and remitted phases of major depressive disorder","volume":"46","author":"Savitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3257","article-title":"Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: When physiology meets pathology","volume":"13","author":"Schwarcz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3257","article-title":"Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: When physiology meets pathology","volume":"13","author":"Schwarcz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.21","article-title":"Attenuating nicotine reinforcement and relapse by enhancing endogenous brain levels of kynurenic acid in rats and squirrel monkeys","volume":"42","author":"Secci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1319-y","article-title":"Astrocytic mechanisms involving kynurenic acid control \u0394 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol-induced increases in glutamate release in brain reward-processing areas","volume":"56","author":"Secci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1224-x","article-title":"The reinstatement model of drug relapse: History, methodology and major findings","volume":"168","author":"Shaham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0780","first-page":"414","article-title":"Excitatory amino acid receptors, excitotoxicity, and the human nervous system","volume":"6","author":"Shaw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurology and Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300188","article-title":"Micromolar brain levels of kynurenic acid are associated with a disruption of auditory sensory gating in the rat","volume":"28","author":"Shepard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00270.2017","article-title":"Differential expression of long-term potentiation among identified inhibitory inputs to dopamine neurons","volume":"118","author":"Simmons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.006","article-title":"Amphetamines, new psychoactive drugs and the monoamine transporter cycle","volume":"36","author":"Sitte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1761-7","article-title":"Gene expression and neurochemical characterization of the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) in rats and mice","volume":"224","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0805","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl, 2011-2016","volume":"68","author":"Spencer","year":"2019","journal-title":"National Vital Statistics Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14907","article-title":"Does kynurenic acid act on nicotinic receptors? An assessment of the evidence","volume":"152","author":"Stone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd870","article-title":"Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development","volume":"1","author":"Stone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(81)90587-2","article-title":"Quinolinic acid: A potent endogenous excitant at amino acid receptors in CNS","volume":"72","author":"Stone","year":"1981","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2012.09.006","article-title":"An expanding range of targets for kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan","volume":"34","author":"Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0802-6","article-title":"Environmental pollutants and the immune response","volume":"21","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1300.019","article-title":"A role for noradrenergic transmission in the actions of phencyclidine and the antipsychotic and antistress effects of mGlu2\/3 receptor agonists","volume":"1003","author":"Swanson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.24.1.1","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of dopamine: Reward and addiction","volume":"24","author":"Taber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00067-5","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effects of kynurenic acid in a modified forced swim test","volume":"72","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007238","article-title":"NMDA receptor antagonists and pain relief: A meta-analysis of experimental trials","volume":"92","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12783","article-title":"Role of CYP2B6 pharmacogenomics in bupropion-mediated smoking cessation","volume":"44","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1824728","article-title":"Inhibition of morphine tolerance and dependence by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801","volume":"251","author":"Trujillo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.11.003","article-title":"Presence of kynurenic acid in alcoholic beverages \u2013 Is this good news, or bad news?","volume":"122","author":"Turska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00399","article-title":"Repeated administration of D-amphetamine induces distinct alterations in behavior and metabolite levels in 129Sv and Bl6 mouse strains","volume":"12","author":"Vanaveski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0875","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metabolic shift of the kynurenine pathway impairs alcohol and cocaine seeking and relapse","volume":"10","author":"Vengeliene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0880","article-title":"Plasma tryptophan and kynurenine pathway metabolites in abstinent patients with alcohol use disorder and high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity","volume":"100","author":"Vidal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.12816\/0048737","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Wadgave","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0336351100","article-title":"Endocannabinoid signaling via cannabinoid receptor 1 is involved in ethanol preference and its age-dependent decline in mice","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22021","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M603503200","article-title":"Kynurenic acid as a ligand for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35","volume":"281","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0900","article-title":"Regional mucosa-associated microbiota determine physiological expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in murine colon","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0905","article-title":"mGlu2\/3 agonist (LY379268) selectively reverses conditioned reinstatement of cocaine seeking behavior","volume":"14","author":"Weiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behavioural Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0910","series-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health 2018","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0915","series-title":"World drug report 2019 \u2013 Global overview of drug demand and supply","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2300635","article-title":"Human indolylamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Its tissue distribution, and characterization of the placental enzyme","volume":"230","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0925","first-page":"128415","article-title":"Formation of amino acid derivatives in white and red wines during fermentation: Effects of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Oenococcus oeni","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-31-46","article-title":"A selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator 3,3\u2019-Diindolylmethane inhibits gastric cancer cell growth","volume":"31","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527314666141205164114","article-title":"Inhibition of opioid receptor mediated G-protein activity after chronic administration of kynurenic acid and its derivative without direct binding to opioid receptors","volume":"13","author":"Zador","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7234-1","article-title":"Metabolic profiling of urine and blood plasma in rat models of drug addiction on the basis of morphine, methamphetamine, and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference","volume":"406","author":"Zaitsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00332","article-title":"Nicotinic \u03b17 receptor activation selectively potentiates the function of NMDA receptors in glutamatergic terminals of the nucleus accumbens","volume":"8","author":"Zappettini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.031","article-title":"Metabolic phenotype of rats exposed to heroin and potential markers of heroin abuse","volume":"127","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06295-x","article-title":"Ketamine reduces aversion in rodent pain models by suppressing hyperactivity of the anterior cingulate cortex","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53829","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17754","article-title":"Microbiota-gut-brain axis and the central nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.07.011","article-title":"Long-term exposure to nicotine markedly reduces kynurenic acid in rat brain \u2014 In vitro and ex vivo evidence","volume":"240","author":"Zieli\u0144ska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.05.028","article-title":"Role of NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons for plasticity and addictive behaviors","volume":"59","author":"Zweifel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.05.020","article-title":"Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibition in blood ameliorates neurodegeneration","volume":"145","author":"Zwilling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology & Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725821000085?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725821000085?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:00:13Z","timestamp":1778670013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163725821000085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":195,"alternative-id":["S0163725821000085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-7258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-7258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Addiction and the kynurenine pathway: A new dancing couple?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107807","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107807"}}