{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:03:08Z","timestamp":1777917788582,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":289,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 ES007033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES007033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 GM007750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM007750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 AT008909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 AT008909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1 TR002318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR002318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC2 HD113041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC2 HD113041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T10:55:01Z","timestamp":1747652101000},"page":"108879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Human intestinal enteroids: Nonclinical applications for predicting oral drug disposition, toxicity, and efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Eimear T.","family":"O\u2019Mahony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Arian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayenat S.","family":"Aryeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Thummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.03.033","article-title":"The FDA modernization act 2.0: Drug testing in animals is rendered optional","volume":"136","author":"Adashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01316","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01316-24","article-title":"Infant and adult human intestinal enteroids are morphologically and functionally distinct","volume":"15","author":"Adeniyi-Ipadeola","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083246","article-title":"Application of intestinal epithelial cells differentiated from Human induced pluripotent stem cells for studies of prodrug hydrolysis and drug absorption in the small intestine","volume":"46","author":"Akazawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46497-x","article-title":"Self-organized intestinal epithelial monolayers in crypt and villus-like domains show effective barrier function","volume":"9","author":"Altay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000538","article-title":"Successful prediction of Human fetal exposure to P-glycoprotein substrate drugs using the proteomics-informed relative expression factor approach and PBPK modeling and simulation","volume":"49","author":"Anoshchenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107962","article-title":"Gutsy science: In vitro systems of the human intestine to model oral drug disposition","volume":"230","author":"Arian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0035","article-title":"Human Enteroid monolayers: A novel, functionally-stable model for investigating Oral drug disposition","author":"Arian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112371","article-title":"Feasibility of polyclonal avian immunoglobulins (IgY) as prophylaxis against Human norovirus infection","volume":"14","author":"Artman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20186","article-title":"Drug enterocyte adducts: Possible causal factor for diclofenac enteropathy in rats","volume":"119","author":"Atchison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00976-z","article-title":"Bivalent norovirus mRNA vaccine elicits cellular and humoral responses protecting human enteroids from GII.4 infection","volume":"9","author":"Atochina-Vasserman","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-022-02501-5","article-title":"The genetics of monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders","volume":"142","author":"Babcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.718484","article-title":"Enteric coronavirus infection and treatment modeled with an immunocompetent Human intestine-on-A-Chip","volume":"12","author":"Bein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104928","article-title":"Human ileal organoid model recapitulates clinical incidence of diarrhea associated with small molecule drugs","volume":"68","author":"Belair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicology In Vitro"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217710638","article-title":"Gastrointestinal microphysiological systems","volume":"242","author":"Blutt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"6479","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay8086","article-title":"Translating preclinical models to humans","volume":"367","author":"Brubaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2025","article-title":"Caco-2 cells \u2013 Expression, regulation and function of drug transporters compared with human jejunal tissue","volume":"38","author":"Br\u00fcck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0085","series-title":"Comprehensive toxicology","first-page":"117","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of gastrointestinal toxicity","volume":"9","author":"Burks","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00009","article-title":"Fucose-galactose polymers inhibit cholera toxin binding to Fucosylated structures and galactose-dependent intoxication of Human Enteroids","volume":"6","author":"Cervin","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51067-2","article-title":"NSAIDs disrupt intestinal homeostasis by suppressing macroautophagy in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Chamoun-Emanuelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187880","article-title":"In vitro enteroid-derived three-dimensional tissue model of human small intestinal epithelium with innate immune responses","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600891R","article-title":"Benzopyrimido-pyrrolo-oxazine-dione CFTR inhibitor (R)-BPO-27 for antisecretory therapy of diarrheas caused by bacterial enterotoxins","volume":"31","author":"Cil","year":"2017","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200333","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202200333","article-title":"Toward inclusivity in preclinical drug development: A proposition to start with intestinal organoids","volume":"7","author":"Co","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.01.108","article-title":"Controlling epithelial polarity: A Human Enteroid model for host-pathogen interactions","volume":"26","author":"Co","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.120.000111","article-title":"Evaluation of In vitro models for assessment of Human intestinal metabolism in drug discovery","volume":"48","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138645","article-title":"Current and potential future applications of human stem cell models in drug development","volume":"130","author":"Donowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795388","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1795388","article-title":"Reuterin disrupts Clostridioides difficile metabolism and pathogenicity through reactive oxygen species generation","volume":"12","author":"Engevik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02848-21","article-title":"Antiviral activity of Olanexidine-containing hand rub against Human noroviruses","volume":"13","author":"Ettayebi","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0140","article-title":"Induced differentiation of M-cell-like cells in Human stem cell-derived Ileal Enteroid monolayers","volume":"149","author":"Fasciano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments\u00a0: JoVE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.04.010","article-title":"Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals hallmarks of Human intestine development and maturation In vitro and In vivo","volume":"4","author":"Finkbeiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0150","article-title":"Midazolam metabolism by modified Caco-2 monolayers","volume":"289","author":"Fisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Effects of Extracellular Protein Binding."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250248","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202250248","article-title":"Human intestinal organoids: Modeling gastrointestinal physiology and immunopathology \u2014 Current applications and limitations","volume":"54","author":"Flood","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70554-8","article-title":"Effects of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYP1A, and P-glycoprotein levels in healthy volunteers","volume":"117","author":"Fontana","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.047","article-title":"Human Enteroids as a model of upper small intestinal ion transport physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"150","author":"Foulke-Abel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01059","article-title":"In vitro intrinsic permeability: A transporter-independent measure of Caco-2 cell permeability in drug design and development","volume":"14","author":"Fredlund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43426-w","article-title":"Human gut derived-organoids provide model to study gluten response and effects of microbiota-derived molecules in celiac disease","volume":"9","author":"Freire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00877-1","article-title":"Membrane transporters in drug development and as determinants of precision medicine","volume":"23","author":"Galetin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0081-y","article-title":"Tales from the crypt: New insights into intestinal stem cells","volume":"16","author":"Gehart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.10923-7","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of gastrointestinal toxicity","volume":"139\u2013178","author":"Gelberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comprehensive Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0195","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis","author":"Ginglen","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.018689","volume":"36","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00707","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00707-24","article-title":"Development of a broad-spectrum therapeutic fc-nanobody for human noroviruses","volume":"98","author":"Hansman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2023.105691","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of diarrhea induced by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with cultured intestinal stem cells originated from crypts in humans and monkeys","volume":"93","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicology In Vitro"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.06.054","article-title":"All disease begins in the gut: Influence of gastrointestinal disorders and surgery on oral drug performance","volume":"548","author":"Hatton","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00623-21","article-title":"Dasabuvir Inhibits Human Norovirus Infection in Human Intestinal Enteroids","volume":"6","author":"Hayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2008.08.004","article-title":"Comparison of drug transporter gene expression and functionality in Caco-2 cells from 10 different laboratories","volume":"35","author":"Hayeshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"7970","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05915-x","article-title":"Organization of the human intestine at single-cell resolution","volume":"619","author":"Hickey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00215-20","article-title":"Norovirus replication in Human intestinal epithelial cells is restricted by the interferon-induced JAK\/STAT signaling pathway and RNA polymerase II-mediated transcriptional responses","volume":"11","author":"Hosmillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G506","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00445.2020","article-title":"Stromal DLK1 promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of the intestinal epithelium during development","volume":"320","author":"Ichinose","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109240","article-title":"Transport, metabolism and remedial potential of functional food extracts (FFEs) in Caco-2 cells monolayer: A review","volume":"136","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.142","article-title":"Human mini-guts: New insights into intestinal physiology and host\u2013pathogen interactions","volume":"13","author":"In","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0041-1","article-title":"Developmental changes in the expression and function of cytochrome P450 3A isoforms: Evidence from In vitro and In vivo investigations","volume":"52","author":"Ince","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dmpk.2022.100476","article-title":"Establishment of MDR1-knockout human enteroids for pharmaceutical application","volume":"48","author":"Inui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dmpk.2022.100482","article-title":"Comparison of human biopsy-derived and human iPS cell-derived intestinal organoids established from a single individual","volume":"48","author":"Inui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac212","article-title":"Molecular and functional characterization of Human intestinal organoids and monolayers for modeling epithelial barrier","volume":"29","author":"Jelinsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202310118","article-title":"Modeling the cell biology of monogenetic intestinal epithelial disorders","volume":"223","author":"Kaji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI169234","article-title":"Patient-derived enteroids provide a platform for the development of therapeutic approaches in microvillus inclusion disease","volume":"133","author":"Kalashyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50135","article-title":"Duodenum intestine-Chip for preclinical drug assessment in a human relevant model","volume":"9","author":"Kasendra","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21201-7","article-title":"Development of a primary human small intestine-on-a-Chip using biopsy-derived organoids","volume":"8","author":"Kasendra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106481","article-title":"Intestinal organoids as an in vitro platform to characterize disposition, metabolism, and safety profile of small molecules","volume":"188","author":"Kourula","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314817","article-title":"DNA methylation defines regional identity of human intestinal epithelial organoids and undergoes dynamic changes during development","volume":"68","author":"Kraiczy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112523","article-title":"Caco-2 cell line standardization with pharmaceutical requirements and In vitro model suitability for permeability assays","volume":"15","author":"Kus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.07.007","article-title":"The many faces of medication-related injury in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"10","author":"Kwak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surgical Pathology Clinics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510600986084","article-title":"Human intestinal P-glycoprotein activity estimated by the model substrate digoxin","volume":"67","author":"Larsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00636-23","article-title":"Standardization of an antiviral pipeline for human norovirus in human intestinal enteroids demonstrates nitazoxanide has no to weak antiviral activity","volume":"67","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304526","article-title":"Divergent responses of human intestinal organoid monolayers using commercial in vitro cytotoxicity assays","volume":"19","author":"Lewis","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.120.000053","article-title":"In Vitro Human Cell\u2013Based Experimental Models for the Evaluation of Enteric Metabolism and Drug Interaction Potential of Drugs and Natural Products","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.082875","article-title":"Cryopreserved Human intestinal mucosal epithelium: A novel In vitro experimental system for the evaluation of enteric drug metabolism, cytochrome P450 induction, and Enterotoxicity","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00063-3","article-title":"Human disease models in drug development","volume":"1","author":"Loewa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Bioengineering"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.120.000033","article-title":"Application of cryopreserved Human intestinal mucosa and cryopreserved Human enterocytes in the evaluation of herb-drug interactions: Evaluation of CYP3A inhibitory potential of grapefruit juice and commercial formulations of twenty-nine herbal supplements","volume":"48","author":"Loretz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2212","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo methods to assess pharmacokinetic drug\u2013 drug interactions in drug discovery and development","volume":"41","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-012-2175-z","article-title":"Can animal data predict human outcome? Problems and pitfalls of translational animal research","volume":"39","author":"Marti\u0107-Kehl","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.06.003","article-title":"Three cheers for the goblet cell: Maintaining homeostasis in mucosal epithelia","volume":"21","author":"McCauley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.410","article-title":"Generating human intestinal tissue from pluripotent stem cells in vitro","volume":"6","author":"McCracken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97193-8","article-title":"A machine learning framework for predicting drug\u2013drug interactions","volume":"11","author":"Mei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa085","article-title":"Enteroids generated from patients with severe inflammation in Crohn's disease maintain alterations of junctional proteins","volume":"14","author":"Meir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0740-x","article-title":"Indole-3-lactic acid, a metabolite of tryptophan, secreted by Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis is anti-inflammatory in the immature intestine","volume":"88","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000796","article-title":"Usefulness of Human Jejunal Spheroid\u2013Derived Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells for the Prediction of Intestinal Drug Absorption in Humans","volume":"50","author":"Michiba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1655","article-title":"Adult stem cells in the small intestine are intrinsically programmed with their location-specific function","volume":"32","author":"Middendorp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00855-22","article-title":"Human norovirus efficiently replicates in differentiated 3D-Human intestinal Enteroids","volume":"96","author":"Mirabelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13916-6","article-title":"Generation of mesenchyme free intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Mithal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.08.024","article-title":"Drug-induced secretory diarrhea: A role for CFTR","volume":"102","author":"Moon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026183200740","article-title":"P-glycoprotein increases from proximal to distal regions of human small intestine","volume":"20","author":"Mouly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0415","series-title":"Enzyme kinetics in drug metabolism: Fundamentals and applications","first-page":"363","article-title":"Sources of Interindividual variability","volume":"1113","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1434","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions","volume":"105","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617722903","article-title":"Human intestinal epithelium in a dish: Current models for research into gastrointestinal pathophysiology","volume":"5","author":"Noben","year":"2017","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterology Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.2000.1399","article-title":"Concordance of the toxicity of Pharmaceuticals in Humans and in animals","volume":"32","author":"Olson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.080374","article-title":"Generation of intestinal organoids suitable for pharmacokinetic studies from Human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"46","author":"Onozato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01369-21","article-title":"The short-chain fatty acids propionate and butyrate augment adherent-invasive Escherichia coli virulence but repress inflammation in a Human intestinal Enteroid model of infection","volume":"9","author":"Pace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.105.008672","article-title":"The human intestinal cytochrome P450 \u201cPIE\u201d","volume":"34","author":"Paine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0450","first-page":"14","article-title":"First-pass metabolism of midazolam by the human intestine","volume":"60","author":"Paine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.117.079962","article-title":"Recommended approaches for pharmacokinetic natural product-drug interaction research: A NaPDI center commentary","volume":"46","author":"Paine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312735","article-title":"Tofacitinib for induction and maintenance therapy of Crohn\u2019s disease: Results of two phase IIb randomised placebo-controlled trials","volume":"66","author":"Pan\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230231","article-title":"Intestinal enteroids recapitulate the effects of short-chain fatty acids on the intestinal epithelium","volume":"15","author":"Pearce","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-020-00280-5","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Crohn\u2019s disease inflammation and recurrence","volume":"15","author":"Petagna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology Direct"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC01107B","article-title":"Developing in vitro assays to transform gastrointestinal safety assessment: Potential for microphysiological systems","volume":"20","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab on a Chip"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy268","article-title":"Human 3D gastrointestinal microtissue barrier function as a predictor of drug-induced diarrhea","volume":"168","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2003.tb02434.x","article-title":"Gene expression of CYP3A4, ABC-transporters (MDR1 and MRP1-MRP5) and hPXR in three different human colon carcinoma cell lines","volume":"55","author":"Pfrunder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI166884","article-title":"Human intestinal organoids from Cronkhite-Canada syndrome patients reveal link between serotonin and proliferation","volume":"133","author":"Poplaski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0896","article-title":"Drug-induced injury in the gastrointestinal tract: Clinical and pathologic considerations","volume":"4","author":"Pusztaszeri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Clinical Practice. Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795389","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1795389","article-title":"Research in a time of enteroids and organoids: How the human gut model has transformed the study of enteric bacterial pathogens","volume":"12","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03092-2","article-title":"New insights into the mechanisms underlying 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal toxicity based on transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in human intestinal organoids","volume":"95","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S746","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz186","article-title":"Efficacy of JAK inhibitors in Crohn's disease","volume":"14","author":"Rogler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148216","article-title":"Development of functional microfold (M) cells from intestinal stem cells in primary Human Enteroids","volume":"11","author":"Rouch","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46408-0","article-title":"Human intestinal spheroids cultured using Sacrifcial Micromolding as a model system for studying drug transport","volume":"9","author":"Samy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2018.08.001","article-title":"The intestinal stem cell niche: Homeostasis and adaptations","volume":"28","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends in Cell Biology"},{"issue":"7244","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07935","article-title":"Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche","volume":"459","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.11.002","article-title":"Functional repair of CFTR by CRISPR\/Cas9 in intestinal stem cell organoids of cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"13","author":"Schwank","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-019-2588-5","article-title":"Translational preclinical pharmacologic disease models for ophthalmic drug development","volume":"36","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005586","article-title":"Highly conserved type 1 pili promote enterotoxigenic E. Coli pathogen-host interactions","volume":"11","author":"Sheikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12582","article-title":"Design and conduct considerations for first-in-Human trials","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G375","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00199.2020","article-title":"Gastrointestinal organoids: A next-generation tool for modeling human development","volume":"319","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.10.007","article-title":"Comprehensive study on regional human intestinal permeability and prediction of fraction absorbed of drugs using the Ussing chamber technique","volume":"48","author":"Sj\u00f6berg","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-019-0165-4","article-title":"Molecular transport through primary human small intestinal monolayers by culture on a collagen scaffold with a gradient of chemical cross-linking","volume":"13","author":"Speer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0570","article-title":"Human enteroid monolayers as a potential alternative for Ussing chamber and Caco-2 monolayers to study passive permeability and drug efflux","volume":"106877","author":"Streekstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00302","article-title":"Age-Specific ADME Gene Expression in Infant Intestinal Enteroids","author":"Streekstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.120.000281","article-title":"Evaluation of Tissue Stem Cell\u2013Derived Human Intestinal Organoids, a Physiologically Relevant Model to Evaluate Cytochrome P450 Induction in Gut","volume":"49","author":"Stresser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.02.002","article-title":"Why 90% of clinical drug development fails and how to improve it?","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.07.024","article-title":"Effect of substrate stiffness on human intestinal enteroids\u2019 infectivity by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli","volume":"132","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.60.6.1399","article-title":"Transcriptional control of intestinal cytochrome P-4503A by 1\u03b1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3","volume":"60","author":"Thummel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.38.1.389","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo drug interactions involving human CYP3A","volume":"38","author":"Thummel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.2174\/138920007782109742","article-title":"In vitro methods to study intestinal drug metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Van De Kerkhof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Drug Metabolism"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2568","article-title":"Probability of success in drug development","volume":"111","author":"Van Der Graaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac085","article-title":"Clinical and In vitro evidence favoring immunoglobulin treatment of a chronic norovirus infection in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"226","author":"Van Kampen","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.09.002","article-title":"The ability of animal studies to detect serious post marketing adverse events is limited","volume":"64","author":"Van Meer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1021\/jm901371v","article-title":"Physicochemical space for optimum Oral bioavailability: Contribution of Human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination","volume":"53","author":"Varma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0630","first-page":"212","article-title":"Advancing swine models for Human health and diseases","volume":"110","author":"Walters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Missouri Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-024-05999-4","article-title":"Current trends and new approaches for human norovirus replication in cell culture: A literature review","volume":"169","author":"Wasielewski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2019.08.001","article-title":"Structural perspectives of the CYP3A family and their small molecule modulators in drug metabolism","volume":"3","author":"Wright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800658","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800658","article-title":"Human Milk oligosaccharides increase mucin expression in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2021.1922435","article-title":"Recent developments in in vitro and in vivo models for improved translation of preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics data","volume":"53","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2021.05.005","article-title":"Monolayer platform using human biopsy-derived duodenal organoids for pharmaceutical research","volume":"22","author":"Yamashita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.115.068429","article-title":"Functional comparison of Human colonic carcinoma cell lines and primary small intestinal epithelial cells for investigations of intestinal drug permeability and first-pass metabolism","volume":"44","author":"Yamaura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.12793\/tcp.2020.28.e14","article-title":"Predicting human pharmacokinetics from preclinical data: Absorption","volume":"28","author":"Yim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Translational and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.06.011","article-title":"6-Thioguanine inhibits rotavirus replication through suppression of Rac1 GDP\/GTP cycling","volume":"156","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.06.007","article-title":"Comparison of culture media for human intestinal organoids from the viewpoint of pharmacokinetic studies","volume":"566","author":"Yokota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i30.4125","article-title":"Intestinal enteroids\/organoids: A novel platform for drug discovery in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"25","author":"Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63151-z","article-title":"Generation of intestinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells for drug testing","volume":"10","author":"Yoshida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.05.005","article-title":"Using Enteroendocrine Cell\u2013Enriched Human Enteroids to Evaluate Responses to Gut Stimuli","volume":"8","author":"Zachos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5797","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115797","article-title":"Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting: Current knowledge and recent advances in intracellular emetic signaling systems","volume":"22","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI175824","article-title":"FDA modernization act 2.0: Transitioning beyond animal models with human cells, organoids, and AI\/ML-based approaches","author":"Zushin","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Society for Clinical Investigation."}],"container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725825000919?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725825000919?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:00:42Z","timestamp":1776834042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163725825000919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":140,"alternative-id":["S0163725825000919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-7258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-7258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human intestinal enteroids: Nonclinical applications for predicting oral drug disposition, toxicity, and efficacy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108879","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108879"}}