{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:14:41Z","timestamp":1793751281827,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":423,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019349","name":"Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFE0108600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFE0108600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20241730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20241730"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:02:20Z","timestamp":1766793740000},"page":"108971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Unraveling molecular mechanisms, emerging therapeutics, and translational frontiers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Xinlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaizong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junming","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingmei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanna","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e332","article-title":"Effects of lipopolysaccharide on oligodendrocyte differentiation at different developmental stages: an in vitro study","volume":"36","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Medical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909790031175","article-title":"Mechanisms of brain signaling during sepsis","volume":"7","author":"Akrout","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909790031175","article-title":"Mechanisms of brain signaling during sepsis","volume":"7","author":"Akrout","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807","article-title":"Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes","volume":"29","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2015.11.006","article-title":"Drug repurposing for immune modulation in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"26","author":"Amantea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.99364","article-title":"Targeting inflammatory monocytes in sepsis-associated encephalopathy and long-term cognitive impairment","volume":"3","author":"Andonegui","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705716","article-title":"Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for adults with septic shock","volume":"378","author":"Annane","year":"2018","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq019","article-title":"Sevoflurane preserves the endothelial glycocalyx against ischaemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"104","author":"Annecke","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60842","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived VEGF-A drives blood-brain barrier disruption in CNS inflammatory disease","volume":"122","author":"Argaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-4","article-title":"Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii and \u03b2-galactomannan oligosaccharide on porcine intestinal epithelial and dendritic cells challenged in vitro with Escherichia coli F4 (K88)","volume":"43","author":"Badia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17740793","article-title":"Neurovascular unit crosstalk: Pericytes and astrocytes modify cytokine secretion patterns of brain endothelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Banks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03659-6","article-title":"Infectious disease-associated encephalopathies","volume":"25","author":"Barbosa-Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121695","article-title":"Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, protected the brain against the long-term consequences of sepsis in mice","volume":"323","author":"Bardaghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03862-5","article-title":"Biomarkers for sepsis: more than just fever and leukocytosis-a narrative review","volume":"26","author":"Barichello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220549","article-title":"Neurochemical effects of sepsis on the brain","volume":"137","author":"Barichello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Science (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1102-7","article-title":"Sepsis impairs microvascular autoregulation and delays capillary response within hypoxic capillaries","volume":"19","author":"Bateman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518773265","article-title":"Sevoflurane exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and memory impairment through caspase 3\/9 and Bax\/Bcl signaling pathway in a rat model of sepsis","volume":"46","author":"Bedirli","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of International Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0526-2","article-title":"Systemic inflammation as a driver of brain injury: the astrocyte as an emerging player","volume":"55","author":"Bellaver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01185-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial electron transport chain is necessary for NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"23","author":"Billingham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12468","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin and the cytochrome c\/cardiolipin complex to promote electron transport and optimize mitochondrial ATP synthesis","volume":"171","author":"Birk","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.8.1671","article-title":"Enalapril prevents imminent and reduces manifest cerebral edema in stroke-prone hypertensive rats","volume":"29","author":"Blezer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0883-z","article-title":"Human severe sepsis cytokine mixture increases \u03b22-integrin-dependent polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion to cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro","volume":"19","author":"Blom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.1009","article-title":"New insights into endotoxin-induced activation of macrophages: involvement of a K+ channel in transmembrane signaling","volume":"166","author":"Blunck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1228374","article-title":"\u00df1-adrenergic blockers preserve neuromuscular function by inhibiting the production of extracellular traps during systemic inflammation in mice","volume":"14","author":"Bourcier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.834649","article-title":"Neuro-inflammatory response and brain-peripheral crosstalk in sepsis and stroke","volume":"13","author":"Bourhy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(18)30407-X","article-title":"CNS effects of sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Bowton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Critical Care Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198905000-00004","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow is reduced in patients with sepsis syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Bowton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09459-X","article-title":"Association between mitochondrial dysfunction and severity and outcome of septic shock","volume":"360","author":"Brealey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.05.005","article-title":"Distinct post-sepsis induced neurochemical alterations in two mouse strains","volume":"104","author":"Browne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.07.011","article-title":"Role of KATP channels in sepsis","volume":"72","author":"Buckley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.07.011","article-title":"Role of KATP channels in sepsis","volume":"72","author":"Buckley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319548","article-title":"International consensus conference on stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice","volume":"68","author":"Cammarota","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7008","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0218-3","article-title":"Brain oxidative stress during experimental sepsis is attenuated by simvastatin administration","volume":"54","author":"Catal\u00e3o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02303-2","article-title":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: from pathophysiology to progress in experimental studies","volume":"58","author":"Catarina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.06.024","article-title":"Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate preserves glucose metabolism integrity and reduces reactive oxygen species in the brain during experimental sepsis","volume":"1698","author":"Catarina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/762320","article-title":"Sepsis associated encephalopathy","volume":"2014","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111482","article-title":"Differential cytokine-induced responses of polarized microglia","volume":"11","author":"Chauhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15363","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002250117","article-title":"Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31","volume":"117","author":"Chavez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0185","first-page":"81","article-title":"Sevoflurane mitigates shedding of hyaluronan from the coronary endothelium, also during ischemia\/reperfusion: an ex vivo animal study","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypoxia (Auckland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5937","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.34168","article-title":"GPR124 facilitates pericyte polarization and migration by regulating the formation of filopodia during ischemic injury","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1589-y","article-title":"Malate-aspartate shuttle inhibitor aminooxyacetate acid induces apoptosis and impairs energy metabolism of both resting microglia and LPS-activated microglia","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1371314","article-title":"Association between statin use and 30-day mortality among patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d968eb","article-title":"Increased genomic copy number of DEFA1\/DEFA3 is associated with susceptibility to severe sepsis in Chinese Han population","volume":"112","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03320-y","article-title":"Integrative analysis of metabolomics and proteomics reveals amino acid metabolism disorder in sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812947116","article-title":"Increased gene copy number of DEFA1\/DEFA3 worsens sepsis by inducing endothelial pyroptosis","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-11-18","article-title":"Insulin alleviates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury in cerebral tissues in septic rats","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Inflammation (London)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594071","article-title":"Maf1 ameliorates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by suppressing the NF-kB\/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3398","article-title":"Broad defects in the energy metabolism of leukocytes underlie immunoparalysis in sepsis","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2024.1951","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia: A neglected problem","volume":"39","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.22.276","article-title":"The DEXA-SEPSIS study protocol: a phase II randomized double-blinded controlled trial of the effect of early dexamethasone in high-risk sepsis patients","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0639-8","article-title":"Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Chousterman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabq7806","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq7806","article-title":"Microglia mediate neurocognitive deficits by eliminating C1q-tagged synapses in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"9","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12486","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517048112","article-title":"Increased brain uptake of targeted nanoparticles by adding an acid-cleavable linkage between transferrin and the nanoparticle core","volume":"112","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2258-8","article-title":"Impaired cerebral autoregulation is associated with brain dysfunction in patients with sepsis","volume":"22","author":"Crippa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.11.007","article-title":"Shaping neuronal fate: Functional heterogeneity of direct microglia-neuron interactions","volume":"109","author":"Cser\u00e9p","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70305","article-title":"High concentration hydrogen protects sepsis-associated encephalopathy by enhancing Pink1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and inhibiting cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway","volume":"31","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70021","article-title":"High-concentration hydrogen inhalation mitigates sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice by improving mitochondrial dynamics","volume":"30","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13668","article-title":"A first-in-man safety and pharmacokinetics study of nangibotide, a new modulator of innate immune response through TREM-1 receptor inhibition","volume":"84","author":"Cuvier","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8433-7","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 activities are associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction in an animal model of severe sepsis","volume":"48","author":"Dal-Pizzol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0356-7","article-title":"Brain barrier breakdown as a cause and consequence of neuroinflammation in sepsis","volume":"55","author":"Danielski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03027-7","article-title":"The many faces of astrocytes in the septic brain","volume":"59","author":"Danielski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910437","article-title":"Drug-resistant E. coli bacteremia transmitted by fecal microbiota transplant","volume":"381","author":"DeFilipp","year":"2019","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.01.136","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and protective effects of a mitochondrial division inhibitor, Mdivi-1, in lipopolysaccharide-induced brain damage","volume":"496","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0325","first-page":"979","article-title":"Protective effect and mechanism of Angong Niuhuang pill in sepsis-associated brain dysfunction of rats","volume":"33","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.110285","article-title":"Microglial activation and neuroinflammation in acute and chronic cognitive deficits in sepsis","volume":"267","author":"Denver","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12167","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging under isoflurane anesthesia alters cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression and glial cell morphology during sepsis-associated neurological dysfunction in rats","volume":"4","author":"Dhaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal Models and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.06.014","article-title":"Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation: A molecular, cellular and behavioral review","volume":"97","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Rivas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2014.08.029","article-title":"Neurovascular coupling and the influence of luminal agonists via the endothelium","volume":"364","author":"Dormanns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2025.115318","article-title":"Lactate exacerbates neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy via promoting neutrophil migration from skull bone marrow to the meninge","volume":"391","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84948-2","article-title":"GYY4137 ameliorates blood brain barrier damage by inhibiting autophagy mediated occludin degradation in cardiac arrest and resuscitation","volume":"15","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110758","article-title":"Hydrogen-rich saline regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy rat model","volume":"123","author":"Dumbuya","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03746-4","article-title":"Effects of hydrogen-rich saline in neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"20","author":"Dumbuya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00621-w","article-title":"Paediatric sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE): a comprehensive review","volume":"29","author":"Dumbuya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211184","article-title":"The prognostic value of neurofilament levels in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy - A prospective, pilot observational study","volume":"14","author":"Ehler","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0375-8","article-title":"The disruption of mitochondrial axonal transport is an early event in neuroinflammation","volume":"12","author":"Errea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.10.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of endothelial regeneration and vascular repair and their application to regenerative medicine","volume":"191","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.09.009","article-title":"A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of albumin in outpatients with hepatic encephalopathy: HEAL study","volume":"78","author":"Fagan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0395","first-page":"2896","article-title":"Propofol protects against oxygen\/glucose deprivation\u2011induced cell injury via gap junction inhibition in astrocytes","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01851-z","article-title":"Spinster homolog 2\/S1P signaling ameliorates macrophage inflammatory response to bacterial infections by balancing PGE2 production","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Communication and Signaling (CCS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2021.103575","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of fluconazole resistance and pathogenicity attributes of Lebanese Candida albicans hospital isolates","volume":"153","author":"Fattouh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fungal Genetics and Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.05.016","article-title":"Role of caveolin-1 and caveolae signaling in endotoxemia and sepsis","volume":"93","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15426-w","article-title":"Sepsis modulates cortical excitability and alters the local and systemic hemodynamic response to seizures","volume":"12","author":"Ferlini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-020-00332-0","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation and neurovascular coupling are progressively impaired during septic shock: An experimental study","volume":"8","author":"Ferlini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine Experimental"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040657","article-title":"Mechanisms of blood-brain barrier protection by microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids","volume":"12","author":"Fock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.146852","article-title":"Differential effects of hydrocortisone and TNFalpha on tight junction proteins in an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier","volume":"586","author":"F\u00f6rster","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666231183396","article-title":"Sepsis and adrenal insufficiency","volume":"38","author":"Fowler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170703101816","article-title":"Statins and the brain: More than lipid lowering agents?","volume":"17","author":"Fracassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06109-z","article-title":"Nangibotide in patients with septic shock: A Phase 2a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2024.00647","article-title":"Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency: Latest pathophysiology and management guidelines","volume":"39","author":"Fredrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acute and Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(85)90037-X","article-title":"Brain neurotransmitter profile is deranged during sepsis and septic encephalopathy in the rat","volume":"38","author":"Freund","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of Surgical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-024-01493-5","article-title":"Review on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in septic encephalopathy","volume":"83","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03084-w","article-title":"GSDMD\/Drp1 signaling pathway mediates hippocampal synaptic damage and neural oscillation abnormalities in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"21","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-024-01016-0","article-title":"Tau is a receptor with low affinity for glucocorticoids and is required for glucocorticoid-induced bone loss","volume":"35","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01563-4","article-title":"JNK inhibition mitigates sepsis-associated encephalopathy via attenuation of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis","volume":"40","author":"Gagnani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.736204","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation protects the intestinal mucosal barrier by reconstructing the gut microbiota in a murine model of sepsis","volume":"11","author":"Gai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01501-3","article-title":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy and blood-brain barrier dysfunction","volume":"44","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666221216162606","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Insights from neuroinflammation","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.830784","article-title":"Insight into regulatory T cells in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12450","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate promotes endothelial cell barrier integrity by Edg-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangement","volume":"108","author":"Garcia","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00533-22","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Gareau","year":"2022","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12139","article-title":"Minocycline: Far beyond an antibiotic","volume":"169","author":"Garrido-Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.82889","article-title":"Chemogenetic activation of the HPC-mPFC pathway improves cognitive dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide -induced brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Ge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.183","article-title":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Gofton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0525","first-page":"111","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in critical illness","volume":"19","author":"Green","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.05.001","article-title":"Targeted rescue of synaptic plasticity improves cognitive decline in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"32","author":"Gr\u00fcnewald","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-020-00270-5","article-title":"Sepsis and cerebral dysfunction: BBB damage, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy as key mediators and the potential therapeutic approaches","volume":"39","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicity Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161810","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1161810","article-title":"Propofol inhibits neuroinflammation and metabolic reprogramming in microglia in vitro and in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040938","article-title":"The role of endothelial Ca(2+) signaling in neurovascular coupling: A view from the lumen","volume":"19","author":"Guerra","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50466-y","article-title":"Adenosine triggers early astrocyte reactivity that provokes microglial responses and drives the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148731","article-title":"Down-regulating nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 alleviates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy, possibly by stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"1826","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0698","article-title":"Endothelial activation and blood-brain barrier disruption in neurotoxicity after adoptive immunotherapy with CD19 CAR-T cells","volume":"7","author":"Gust","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312119835043","article-title":"Sepsis: The evolution in definition, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"7","author":"Gyawali","year":"2019","journal-title":"SAGE Open Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1689-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated through dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) propagates impairment in blood brain barrier in septic encephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Haileselassie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03907.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: where are we now?","volume":"97","author":"Halliwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1231054","article-title":"Septic encephalopathy: relationship to serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of adhesion molecules, lipid peroxides and S-100B protein","volume":"40","author":"Hamed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0805-x","article-title":"Microglia-derived IL-1\u03b2 contributes to axon development disorders and synaptic deficit through p38-MAPK signal pathway in septic neonatal rats","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.079707","article-title":"Ethyl pyruvate inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent signaling by directly targeting p65","volume":"312","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545979","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1545979","article-title":"Early prediction of sepsis associated encephalopathy in elderly ICU patients using machine learning models: A retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1712","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00476.2008","article-title":"Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in activation and dysfunction of cerebrovascular endothelial cells during early onsets of sepsis","volume":"295","author":"Handa","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587463","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1587463","article-title":"The progress of the microbe-gut-brain axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1643-z","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"21","author":"Heming","year":"2017","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-15","article-title":"Minocycline attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, sickness behavior, and anhedonia","volume":"5","author":"Henry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124485","article-title":"Circulating heparan sulfate fragments mediate septic cognitive dysfunction","volume":"129","author":"Hippensteel","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70149","article-title":"Protective effects of Mdivi-1 on cognition disturbance following sepsis in mice via alleviating microglia activation and polarization","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05117-5","article-title":"Rezafungin versus caspofungin for patients with candidaemia or invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit: pooled analyses of the ReSTORE and STRIVE randomised trials","volume":"28","author":"Honor\u00e9","year":"2024","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.014","article-title":"Lactate reduces liver and pancreatic injury in Toll-like receptor- and inflammasome-mediated inflammation via GPR81-mediated suppression of innate immunity","volume":"146","author":"Hoque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000847","article-title":"Minocycline Prevents the Impairment of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in the Septic Mouse","volume":"48","author":"Hoshino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70032","article-title":"Minocycline mitigates sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and promotes recovery in male mice: Insights into neuroprotection and inflammatory modulation","volume":"12","author":"Hosseini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"issue":"Suppl. 7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S465","DOI":"10.1086\/431998","article-title":"Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis \u2013 A potential treatment of sepsis?","volume":"41","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70001-X","article-title":"Immunosuppression in sepsis: a novel understanding of the disorder and a new therapeutic approach","volume":"13","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4754454","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4754454","article-title":"Propofol suppresses microglia inflammation by targeting TGM2\/NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"2021","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S504390","article-title":"Identification and evaluation of Lipocalin-2 in sepsis-associated encephalopathy via machine learning approaches","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Inflammation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13101453","article-title":"Microglial activation: key players in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254610","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1254610","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation inhibited neuroinflammation of traumatic brain injury in mice via regulating the gut-brain axis","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.146822","article-title":"Glycemic control with insulin attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting glial activation via the suppression of the nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in septic rats","volume":"1738","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02105-3","article-title":"Dichloroacetate prevents sepsis associated encephalopathy by inhibiting microglia pyroptosis through PDK4\/NLRP3","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.2741\/3835","article-title":"Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction during sepsis","volume":"16","author":"Huet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03669-z","article-title":"The E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino2 mediates priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"9","author":"Humphries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.030","article-title":"The neurovascular unit coming of age: A journey through neurovascular coupling in health and disease","volume":"96","author":"Iadecola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01964-3","article-title":"Variability of strain engraftment and predictability of microbiome composition after fecal microbiota transplantation across different diseases","volume":"28","author":"Ianiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425913516885","article-title":"Usefulness of the endotoxin activity assay as a biomarker to assess the severity of endotoxemia in critically ill patients","volume":"20","author":"Ikeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Innate Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0735","first-page":"29","article-title":"Metformin attenuates brain injury by inhibiting inflammation and regulating tight junction proteins in septic rats","volume":"22","author":"Ismail Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1377","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006655","article-title":"Adjunctive sedation with dexmedetomidine for the prevention of severe inflammation and septic encephalopathy: A pilot randomized controlled study","volume":"53","author":"Iten","year":"2025","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2003.12.002","volume":"23","author":"Jain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2024.11.010","article-title":"The metabolic costs of cognition","volume":"29","author":"Jamadar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-222257","article-title":"Secreted protein lipocalin-2 promotes microglial M1 polarization","volume":"27","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/129145","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhance endogenous neurogenesis in an ischemic stroke model","volume":"2014","author":"Jeong","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148299","article-title":"Role of nuclear factor of activated T Cells-1 in Sepsis-induced behavioral deficits in mice","volume":"1806","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.08.023","article-title":"Oxytocin alleviates cognitive and memory impairments by decreasing hippocampal microglial activation and synaptic defects via OXTR\/ERK\/STAT3 pathway in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"114","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05950-4","article-title":"Molecular hydrogen alleviates brain injury and cognitive impairment in a chronic sequelae model of murine polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"238","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-016-0148-1","article-title":"Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: pathophysiology and management","volume":"4","author":"Kakihana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70003","article-title":"Transcript and lipid profile alterations in astrocyte-neuron mitochondrial transfer under lipopolysaccharide exposure: An in vitro study","volume":"169","author":"Kan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.06.001","article-title":"The \u201ccytokine storm\u201d: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects","volume":"42","author":"Karki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.343896","article-title":"Protocadherin gamma C3: a new player in regulating vascular barrier function","volume":"18","author":"Kaupp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regeneration Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14329","article-title":"Role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in oxidative and nitrosative stress-related neurohistopathological changes in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"145","author":"Kawakami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4103\/JTCCM-D-22-00015","article-title":"Endotoxemic sepsis: clinical features and therapy","volume":"4","author":"Kellum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.07.002","article-title":"The use of fecal microbiota transplant in sepsis","volume":"226","author":"Keskey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Translational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021353","article-title":"The phospholipase A2 superfamily: Structure, isozymes, catalysis, physiologic and pathologic roles","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1575-4","article-title":"Poldip2 mediates blood-brain barrier disruption in a model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"16","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15545-w","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant rescues mice from human pathogen mediated sepsis by restoring systemic immunity","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00103","article-title":"Statins and inflammation: New therapeutic opportunities in psychiatry","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.03.008","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin on the LPS-induced production and secretion of phospholipase A2 in lung cells","volume":"1852","author":"Kitsiouli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110573","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles alleviate the immunometabolic dysfunction in murine septic encephalopathy","volume":"27","author":"Koutroulis","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310780","article-title":"Exploring neuroprotective agents for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: A comprehensive review","volume":"24","author":"Krzyzaniak","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0835","first-page":"63","article-title":"Nanomaterials as drug delivery agents for overcoming the blood-brain barrier: A comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2024","journal-title":"ADMET and DMPK"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2018.1543160","article-title":"Nitrosative stress and cytokines are linked with the severity of sepsis and organ dysfunction","volume":"76","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Biomedical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0008-20.2021","article-title":"The immediate early gene arc is not required for hippocampal long-term potentiation","volume":"41","author":"Kyrke-Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.902907","article-title":"Role of Caveolin-1 in sepsis - A mini-review","volume":"13","author":"Lannes-Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43855","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.299248","article-title":"Lipocalin-2 Is a chemokine inducer in the central nervous system: role of chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in lipocalin-2-induced cell migration","volume":"286","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-023-00007-2","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms governing antifungal drug resistance","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Antimicrobials and Resistance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2022.100119","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of Xingnaojing treatment for sepsis associated encephalopathy","volume":"3","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2010.11.001","article-title":"Fungal sepsis: Optimizing antifungal therapy in the critical care setting","volume":"27","author":"Lepak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Critical Care Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102745","article-title":"\u03b2-Nicotinamide mononucleotide activates NAD+\/SIRT1 pathway and attenuates inflammatory and oxidative responses in the hippocampus regions of septic mice","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12192348","article-title":"Hydrocortisone mitigates Alzheimer\u2019s-related cognitive decline through modulating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.102234","article-title":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatments update","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.102234","article-title":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatments update","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0890","article-title":"Astrocytic HILPDA promotes lipid droplets generation to drive cognitive dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5761","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125761","article-title":"Attenuation of ventilation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with lung injury through phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma in a murine endotoxemia model","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0895","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates cell injury in lipopolysaccharide-induced nerve cells","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of International Medical Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520949762","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates cell injury in lipopolysaccharide-induced nerve cells","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of International Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy451","article-title":"Fli-1 governs pericyte dysfunction in a murine model of sepsis","volume":"218","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0905","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxytocin ameliorates cognitive impairments by attenuating excitation\/inhibition imbalance of neurotransmitters acting on parvalbumin interneurons in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001758","article-title":"Therapeutic methods for gut microbiota modification in lipopolysaccharide-associated encephalopathy","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.10.008","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis associated encephalopathy via the vagus nerve","volume":"662","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4599","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214599","article-title":"The Ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 ameliorates LPS-induced cognitive impairment in mice","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8640","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04063-1","article-title":"ACE2 rescues sepsis-associated encephalopathy by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis via the Nrf2\/Sestrin2 signaling pathway","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.600421","article-title":"Microglia: A potential therapeutic target for sepsis-associated encephalopathy and sepsis-associated chronic pain","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2024.12.021","article-title":"Lactate shuttling links histone lactylation to adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155733","article-title":"Targeting macrophagic RasGRP1 with catechin hydrate ameliorates sepsis-induced multiorgan dysfunction","volume":"130","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108541","article-title":"Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"251","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421635","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1421635","article-title":"Angong Niuhuang Wan ameliorates LPS-induced cerebrovascular edema by inhibiting blood\u2013brain barrier leakage and promoting the membrane expression of AQP4","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274842","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1274842","article-title":"The critical role of neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions in sepsis: new synergistic approaches employing organ-on-chip, omics, immune cell phenotyping and in silico modeling to identify new therapeutics","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14874","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06332","article-title":"Probiotics exert protective effect against sepsis-induced cognitive impairment by reversing gut microbiota abnormalities","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.09.030","article-title":"Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates brain injury in mice with cecal ligation and puncture via inhibiting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis","volume":"1589","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01024","article-title":"Interaction of microglia and astrocytes in the neurovascular unit","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04522-6","article-title":"Polymyxin B therapy based on therapeutic drug monitoring in carbapenem-resistant organisms sepsis: The PMB-CROS randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028664","article-title":"Efficacy of Xuebijing Injection for Sepsis (EXIT-SEP): Protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7295","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S481171","article-title":"Shenfu injection mediated NLRP3\/Caspase 1 through (R)-norcoclaurinee alleviates sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Inflammation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180992","article-title":"Endothelial Cdk5 deficit leads to the development of spontaneous epilepsy through CXCL1\/CXCR2-mediated reactive astrogliosis","volume":"217","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0990","article-title":"Neuroimmune regulation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: The interaction between the brain and peripheral immunity","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s44254-025-00115-4","article-title":"The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 reduces sepsis-associated brain injury in mice by inhibiting pyroptosis","volume":"3","author":"Long","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063543","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1063543","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation and short-chain fatty acids reduce sepsis mortality by remodeling antibiotic-induced gut microbiota disturbances","volume":"13","author":"Lou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27134-6","article-title":"Prediction and risk assessment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in ICU based on interpretable machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2162244","article-title":"Endothelial TFEB signaling-mediated autophagic disturbance initiates microglial activation and cognitive dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108800","article-title":"Semaphorin 3s signaling in the central nervous system: Mechanisms and therapeutic implication for brain diseases","volume":"267","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01850-0","article-title":"ProBDNF promotes sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice by dampening the immune activity of meningeal CD4(+) T cells","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/315672a0","article-title":"Gamma-interferon transcriptionally regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platelet proteins","volume":"315","author":"Luster","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70166","article-title":"STING driving synaptic phagocytosis of hippocampal microglia\/macrophages contributes to cognitive impairment in sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice","volume":"30","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810269","article-title":"The inflammasome activity of NLRP3 is independent of NEK7 in HEK293 cells co-expressing ASC","volume":"23","author":"Machtens","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066617701903","article-title":"Innate immune function and organ failure recovery in adults with sepsis","volume":"34","author":"Maddux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.03.012","article-title":"Early glycemia and mortality in critically ill septic patients: Interaction with insulin-treated diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Magee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00643-7","article-title":"Cerebral dysfunctions caused by sepsis during ageing","volume":"22","author":"Manabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190351","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with long-term cognitive impairment in an animal sepsis model","volume":"133","author":"Manfredini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Science (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2024.111086","article-title":"Remimazolam ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest through HMGB1-TLR4-NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"217","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1086\/422254","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic implications of endotoxemia in critical illness: Results of the MEDIC study","volume":"190","author":"Marshall","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200009000-00014","article-title":"High adenosine plasma concentration as a prognostic index for outcome in patients with septic shock","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.50","article-title":"Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: Changes in incidence, pathogens and outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022139","article-title":"The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000","volume":"348","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.27372","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Mayr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00862-1","article-title":"Septic-associated encephalopathy: A comprehensive review","volume":"17","author":"Mazeraud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0081","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0081","article-title":"Pericytes enrich the basement membrane and reduce neutrophil transmigration in an in vitro model of peripheral inflammation at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"28","author":"McCloskey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomaterials Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.12.009","article-title":"Evaluation of area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) and time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) as predictors of outcome for cefepime and ceftazidime in serious bacterial infections","volume":"31","author":"McKinnon","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03352-8","article-title":"Exosome-powered neuropharmaceutics: Unlocking the blood-brain barrier for next-gen therapies","volume":"23","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.008","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine attenuates sepsis-associated inflammation and encephalopathy via central \u03b12A adrenoceptor","volume":"91","author":"Mei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.02.005","article-title":"Activating astrocytic \u03b12A adrenoceptors in hippocampus reduces glutamate toxicity to attenuate sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice","volume":"117","author":"Mei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0155OC","article-title":"Azithromycin reduces exaggerated cytokine production by M1 alveolar macrophages in cystic fibrosis","volume":"41","author":"Meyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1606-2","article-title":"Microglial cells depletion increases inflammation and modifies microglial phenotypes in an animal model of severe sepsis","volume":"56","author":"Michels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.07.002","article-title":"The role of microglia activation in the development of sepsis-induced long-term cognitive impairment","volume":"43","author":"Michels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241511902","article-title":"Effect of systemic inflammation in the CNS: A silent history of neuronal damage","volume":"24","author":"Mill\u00e1n Solano","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.09.004","article-title":"Antifungal antibiotics modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytic activity of human monocytes in an in vitro sepsis model","volume":"141","author":"Muenster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14010054","article-title":"From homeostasis to neuroinflammation: Insights into cellular and molecular interactions and network dynamics","volume":"14","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn007","article-title":"Azithromycin alters macrophage phenotype","volume":"61","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08804-7","article-title":"A review of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in disease: potential anti-NETs therapeutics","volume":"61","author":"Mutua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23587","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced alteration of mitochondrial morphology induces a metabolic shift in microglia modulating the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo","volume":"67","author":"Nair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.008","article-title":"When nitrosative stress hits the endoplasmic reticulum: Possible implications in oxLDL\/oxysterols-induced endothelial dysfunction","volume":"208","author":"Nasoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-008-9322-x","article-title":"Detachment of brain pericytes from the basal lamina is involved in disruption of the blood-brain barrier caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in mice","volume":"29","author":"Nishioku","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2021.104193","article-title":"Folic acid alleviates the blood brain barrier permeability and oxidative stress and prevents cognitive decline in sepsis-surviving rats","volume":"137","author":"Novochadlo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microvascular Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1179573519840652","article-title":"Targeting the blood-brain barrier to prevent sepsis-associated cognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"Nwafor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X679237","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells increase hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation by enhancing the wnt signaling pathway in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model","volume":"24","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03207-8","article-title":"Effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammation in patients with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation: A sub-analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Ohta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-018-0581-1","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings in sepsis-induced brain dysfunction: Association with clinical and laboratory findings","volume":"30","author":"Orhun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04533-3","article-title":"Targeted therapy using polymyxin B hemadsorption in patients with sepsis: a post-hoc analysis of the JSEPTIC-DIC study and the EUPHRATES trial","volume":"27","author":"Osawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4682","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02445-3","article-title":"Role of microRNAs as biomarkers in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"58","author":"Osca-Verdegal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.01983.x","article-title":"Combination antifungal therapy: a critical review of the evidence","volume":"14","author":"Ostrosky-Zeichner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.02.013","article-title":"Positive feedback regulation of microglial glucose metabolism by histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328729","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1328729","article-title":"Sepsis-induced brain dysfunction: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"2022","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23480","article-title":"A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India","volume":"548","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ933","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"62","author":"Pappas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1265","article-title":"Propofol in ICU settings: Understanding and managing anti-arrhythmic, pro-arrhythmic effects, and propofol infusion syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Paramsothy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03250-0","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in sepsis plasma mediate neuronal inflammation in the brain through miRNAs and innate immune signaling","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12361","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in microglial cells","volume":"127","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1285","first-page":"4459","article-title":"UCP2 silencing aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes under septic conditions","volume":"20","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.768108","article-title":"Blood-Brain barrier disruption by lipopolysaccharide and sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.09.030","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is not involved in the neuroprotection exerted by azithromycin against ischemic stroke in mice","volume":"791","author":"Petrelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R63","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6891","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion in sepsis-associated delirium","volume":"12","author":"Pfister","year":"2008","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001022","article-title":"Neurological complications of sepsis","volume":"29","author":"Piva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.717157","article-title":"Kynurenic acid and its synthetic derivatives protect against sepsis-associated neutrophil activation and brain mitochondrial dysfunction in rats","volume":"12","author":"Poles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02572.x","article-title":"Mitochondrial mechanisms of neural cell apoptosis","volume":"90","author":"Polster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2019.12.001","article-title":"Immune consequences of endothelial cells\u2019 activation and dysfunction during sepsis","volume":"36","author":"Pons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Critical Care Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1325","article-title":"Histone H3K18 and Ezrin lactylation promote renal dysfunction in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury","volume":"11","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Science (Weinheim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-023-08764-z","article-title":"CD137L inhibition ameliorates hippocampal neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0742-7","article-title":"Anti-TNF-\u03b1 antibody alleviates insulin resistance in rats with sepsis-induced stress hyperglycemia","volume":"41","author":"Qu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804932115","article-title":"Oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite: Redox pathways in molecular medicine","volume":"115","author":"Radi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6417","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b02785","article-title":"Peroxidase-mimicking nanoassembly mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and cognitive damage in the brain by impeding inflammatory signaling in macrophages","volume":"18","author":"Rajendrakumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R3","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9400","article-title":"Circulating adenosine increases during human experimental endotoxemia but blockade of its receptor does not influence the immune response and subsequent organ injury","volume":"15","author":"Ramakers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1355","first-page":"690","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and their conditioned medium as potential therapeutic strategies in managing comorbid anxiety in rat sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture","volume":"25","author":"Ranjbaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00915-x","article-title":"Inflammasomes in neurological disorders - mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"20","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.11.006","article-title":"Statins prevent cognitive impairment after sepsis by reverting neuroinflammation, and microcirculatory\/endothelial dysfunction","volume":"60","author":"Reis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-1701-3","article-title":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: A vicious cycle of immunosuppression","volume":"17","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.255978","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote neurogenesis and cognitive function recovery in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Reza-Zaldivar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regeneration Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-024-00851-6","article-title":"Current state of neuroprotective therapy using antibiotics in human traumatic brain injury and animal models","volume":"25","author":"Ritter","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2402","article-title":"Harmful molecular mechanisms in sepsis","volume":"8","author":"Rittirsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6642","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-03998-9","article-title":"Shaping the neurovascular unit exploiting human brain organoids","volume":"61","author":"Rizzuti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz069","article-title":"Defining optimal dosing of ciprofloxacin in patients with septic shock","volume":"74","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318180fe62","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance \u2013 What\u2019s dosing got to do with it?","volume":"36","author":"Roberts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00683-0","article-title":"The regulatory framework for microbiome-based therapies: insights into European regulatory developments","volume":"11","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.01.005","article-title":"Azithromycin preserves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior in a mouse model of sepsis","volume":"117","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Moreno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13912","article-title":"Polymyxin B hemoperfusion: a mechanistic perspective","volume":"18","author":"Ronco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4123605","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4123605","article-title":"Role and molecular mechanisms of pericytes in regulation of leukocyte diapedesis in inflamed tissues","volume":"2019","author":"Rudziak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediators of Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.11.010","article-title":"Infiltrated regulatory T cells and Th2 cells in the brain contribute to attenuation of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and alleviation of mental impairments in mice with polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"92","author":"Saito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02814-0","article-title":"Norepinephrine titration in patients with sepsis-induced encephalopathy: cerebral pulsatility index compared to mean arterial pressure guided protocol: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Salem","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081120","article-title":"Metformin for sepsis-associated AKI: a protocol for the Randomized Clinical Trial of the Safety and FeasibiLity of Metformin as a Treatment for sepsis-associated AKI (LiMiT AKI)","volume":"14","author":"Saraiva","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R181","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11665","article-title":"Impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation in patients with severe sepsis and sepsis-associated delirium","volume":"16","author":"Schramm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02464-4","article-title":"Sepsis-associated brain injury: underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for acute and long-term cognitive impairments","volume":"19","author":"Sekino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9254","article-title":"Septic-associated encephalopathy \u2013 Everything starts at a microlevel","volume":"14","author":"Sharshar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181697","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1181697","article-title":"Integrative single-cell RNA sequencing and metabolomics decipher the imbalanced lipid-metabolism in maladaptive immune responses during sepsis","volume":"14","author":"She","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.03.013","article-title":"CXCR5 knockdown attenuates hippocampal neurogenesis deficits and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"433","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02013-x","article-title":"Chemokine CXCL13 acts via CXCR5-ERK signaling in hippocampus to induce perioperative neurocognitive disorders in surgically treated mice","volume":"17","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02300-1","article-title":"CXCR5 down-regulation alleviates cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: potential role of microglial autophagy and the p38MAPK\/NF-\u03baB\/STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5662","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.96374","article-title":"MCT1-mediated endothelial cell lactate shuttle as a target for promoting axon regeneration after spinal cord injury","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.760186","article-title":"Blocking HMGB1\/RAGE signaling by berberine alleviates A1 astrocyte and attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00017","article-title":"Histological architecture underlying brain-immune cell-cell interactions and the cerebral response to systemic inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Shimada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.03.002","article-title":"Increased cytokine expression in the choroid plexus stroma and epithelium in response to endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation in mice","volume":"8","author":"Shimada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicology Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214455","article-title":"Reactive microgliosis in sepsis-associated and acute hepatic encephalopathies: An ultrastructural study","volume":"23","author":"Shulyatnikova","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02743-2","article-title":"Astroglia in sepsis associated encephalopathy","volume":"45","author":"Shulyatnikova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0000000000000854","article-title":"Minocycline intravenous for the treatment of serious infections due to gram-negative nonpseudomonal bacteria, including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Burkholderia cepacia","volume":"28","author":"Sierra-Hoffman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361231161387","article-title":"Flucytosine and its clinical usage","volume":"10","author":"Sigera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota in gut-brain communication","volume":"11","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060544","article-title":"New evidence of potential benefits of dexamethasone and added on therapy of fludrocortisone on clinical outcomes of corticosteroid in sepsis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Son","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Personalized Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3218452","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3218452","article-title":"Metformin improves the prognosis of adult mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy better than that of aged mice","volume":"2022","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411026","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1411026","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Xingnaojing injection for post-operative patients of intracerebral haemorrhage: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110111","article-title":"Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates sepsis-associated brain injury via inhibiting NOD-like receptor 3\/caspase-1\/gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis","volume":"118","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04655-8","article-title":"The spectrum of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: A clinical perspective","volume":"27","author":"Sonneville","year":"2023","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4807-z","article-title":"Potentially modifiable factors contributing to sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"43","author":"Sonneville","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-3-15","article-title":"Understanding brain dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"3","author":"Sonneville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.04.019","article-title":"Effects of sodium butyrate on aversive memory in rats submitted to sepsis","volume":"595","author":"Steckert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.177","article-title":"Imaging in sepsis-associated encephalopathy \u2013 Insights and opportunities","volume":"9","author":"Stubbs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.059","article-title":"AGA clinical practice guidelines on the role of probiotics in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"159","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045657","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1045657","article-title":"Resveratrol protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and inhibits the NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2 axis in microglia","volume":"2016","author":"Sui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators of Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13398","article-title":"Role of pericyte-derived SENP1 in neuronal injury after brain ischemia","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.147109","article-title":"The ligand-gated ion channel P2X7 receptor mediates NLRP3\/caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in cerebral cortical neurons of juvenile rats with sepsis","volume":"1748","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317977","article-title":"VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"111","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155802","article-title":"Zexieyin formula alleviates Alzheimer\u2019s disease via post-synaptic CaMKII modulating AMPA receptor: Involved in promoting neurogenesis to strengthen synaptic plasticity in mice hippocampus","volume":"131","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1620","first-page":"170","article-title":"Brain perfusion in sepsis","volume":"11","author":"Taccone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Vascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1625","article-title":"Bacterial pathogens of bovine mastitis: Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and sensitivity to Caesalpinia sappan both in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"14","author":"Tadee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biology-Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.12.036","article-title":"Endothelium-derived semaphorin 3G regulates hippocampal synaptic structure and plasticity via neuropilin-2\/PlexinA4","volume":"101","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04750-w","article-title":"Prognostic differences in sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03806-7","article-title":"Munc18-1 contributes to hippocampal injury in septic rats through regulation of Syntanxin1A and synaptophysin and glutamate levels","volume":"48","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70116","article-title":"Progress on the mechanisms and neuroprotective benefits of dexmedetomidine in brain diseases","volume":"14","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2011.01196.x","article-title":"Septic metastatic encephalitis: coexistence of brain damage and repair","volume":"37","author":"Tauber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11030286","article-title":"Biomarkers for point-of-care diagnosis of sepsis","volume":"11","author":"Teggert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202310-1785OC","article-title":"Effectiveness of fludrocortisone plus hydrocortisone versus hydrocortisone alone in septic shock: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"209","author":"Teja","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02324-8","article-title":"Rezafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis (ReSTORE): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised phase 3 trial","volume":"401","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000233317.70421.03","article-title":"Activation of the unfolded protein response in infarcted mouse heart and hypoxic cultured cardiac myocytes","volume":"99","author":"Thuerauf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108332","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine alleviates cognitive impairment by reducing blood-brain barrier interruption and neuroinflammation via regulating Th1\/Th2\/Th17 polarization in an experimental sepsis model of mice","volume":"101","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1680","article-title":"Pericytes regulate vascular immune homeostasis in the CNS","volume":"118","author":"T\u00f6r\u00f6k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-018-0009-z","article-title":"Assessing long-term neuroinflammatory responses to encephalopathy using MRI approaches in a rat endotoxemia model","volume":"40","author":"Towner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401520","article-title":"Rosuvastatin for sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"370","author":"Truwit","year":"2014","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01318","article-title":"Glucocorticoids in sepsis: To be or not to be","volume":"11","author":"Vandewalle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030407","article-title":"IL-6 baseline values and dynamic changes in predicting sepsis mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Varga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.165","article-title":"Advances in the understanding and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression","volume":"14","author":"Venet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705835","article-title":"Adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy in patients with septic shock","volume":"378","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1803563","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of the ADRENAL trial","volume":"378","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2021.1988928","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: A therapeutic target in bacterial sepsis?","volume":"25","author":"Vincent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760290032557","article-title":"Decreased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ascorbate levels in patients with septic encephalopathy","volume":"36","author":"Voigt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.61","article-title":"P2RX7 sensitizes Mac-1\/ICAM-1-dependent leukocyte-endothelial adhesion and promotes neurovascular injury during septic encephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1735","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG improves cognitive impairments in mice with sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112840","article-title":"Dichloroacetate attenuates brain injury through inhibiting neuroinflammation and mitochondrial fission in a rat model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1745","first-page":"0484","article-title":"Distinct olfactory bulb-cortex neural circuits coordinate cognitive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research (Washington, DC)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106499","article-title":"Gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"195","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.92267","article-title":"Malat1 regulates PMN-MDSC expansion and immunosuppression through p-STAT3 ubiquitination in sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7298","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9583-6","article-title":"bFGF protects against blood-brain barrier damage through junction protein regulation via PI3K-Akt-Rac1 pathway following traumatic brain injury","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.310","article-title":"Human brain chemokine and cytokine expression in sepsis: A report of three cases","volume":"44","author":"Warford","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.973588","article-title":"Synergistic effect of GF9 and streptomycin on relieving gram-negative bacteria-induced sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02879-7","article-title":"H3K18 lactylation of senescent microglia potentiates brain aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease through the NF\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596467","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1596467","article-title":"Gut microbiota and sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Pathogenesis and precision therapies","volume":"19","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00686-x","article-title":"Feedback loop centered on MAF1 reduces blood-brain barrier damage in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"30","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95379-y","article-title":"Remimazolam attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral deficits and neuronal injury via activation of the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3334145","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3334145","article-title":"Cortistatin-14 exerts neuroprotective effect against microglial activation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and cognitive impairment in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"2022","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148975","article-title":"Remimazolam inhibits postoperative cognitive impairment after cardiopulmonary bypass by alleviating neuroinflammation and promoting microglia M2 polarization","volume":"1838","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0380","article-title":"Association of vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone infusion with long-term cognitive, psychological, and functional outcomes in sepsis survivors: A secondary analysis of the vitamin C, thiamine, and steroids in sepsis randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Williams Roberson","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v15.i6.105889","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression in sepsis-associated encephalopathy and multi-omics identification of cluster of differentiation 38 as an early biomarker","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01481-w","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.124","article-title":"CXCR2 antagonist attenuates neutrophil transmigration into brain in a murine model of LPS induced neuroinflammation","volume":"529","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64200-3","article-title":"The dynamic change of serum S100B levels from day 1 to day 3 is more associated with sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1835","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of xingnaojing injection on consciousness disturbance","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.11.027","article-title":"A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo","volume":"110","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1850","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cell exosome launches IL-1\u03b2-mediated neuron injury in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"11","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06635-8","article-title":"Convergence of sepsis-associated encephalopathy pathogenesis onto microglia","volume":"23","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2191217","article-title":"Role of PFKFB3-driven glycolysis in sepsis","volume":"55","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113045","article-title":"Piezo1 activation on microglial cells exacerbates demyelination in sepsis by influencing the CCL25\/GRP78 pathway","volume":"142","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22950","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 induces hypomyelination in the periventricular white matter through inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation via FYN\/MEK\/ERK signaling pathway in septic neonatal rats","volume":"64","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03148-z","article-title":"The key drivers of brain injury by systemic inflammatory responses after sepsis: Microglia and neuroinflammation","volume":"60","author":"Xin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01234-9","article-title":"Resolvin D1 attenuates depressive-like behavior in LPS-challenged mice by promoting microglial autophagy","volume":"31","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2015.08.013","article-title":"A double-blinded randomized trial on growth and feeding tolerance with Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in formula-fed preterm infants","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jornal de Pediatria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8926","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.62330","article-title":"Engineered exosomes: desirable target-tracking characteristics for cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disease therapies","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1895","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates sepsis-induced small-intestine injury by upregulating SIRT3-mediated oxidative-stress inhibition, mitochondrial protection, and autophagy induction","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09287-z","article-title":"Impact of diabetes on COVID-19 and glucocorticoids on patients with COVID-19 and diabetes during the Omicron variant epidemic: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in South China","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.929316","article-title":"Central role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: From mechanism to therapy","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1910","article-title":"Reduced risk of sepsis and related mortality in chronic kidney disease patients on Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: A national cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341752","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1341752","article-title":"Distinct functional neutrophil phenotypes in sepsis patients correlate with disease severity","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117092","article-title":"Melatonin regulates microglial M1\/M2 polarization via AMPK\u03b12-mediated mitophagy in attenuating sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"177","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512300","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1512300","article-title":"Microglia-derived CXCL2 induced neuronal ferroptosis via CXCR2\/Jun axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155987","article-title":"Quercetin protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting microglia-neuron crosstalk via the CXCL2\/CXCR2 signaling pathway","volume":"134","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030618","article-title":"Recent advances in the application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease therapies","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1308-0","article-title":"Serum S100\u03b2 is a better biomarker than neuron-specific enolase for sepsis-associated encephalopathy and determining its prognosis: A prospective and observational study","volume":"39","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8461725","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8461725","article-title":"Blockade of IL-17A\/IL-17R pathway protected mice from sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibition of microglia activation","volume":"2019","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediators of Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2024.111166","article-title":"SS-31 mitigates oxidative stress and restores mitochondrial function in cigarette smoke-damaged oral epithelial cells via PINK1-mediated mitophagy","volume":"400","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114348","article-title":"Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in microglia exerts protective effects against sepsis-induced encephalopathy via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated inflammation and apoptosis in a mouse model of sepsis","volume":"363","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.05.002","article-title":"NOD2 promotes sepsis-induced neuroinflammation by increasing brain endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated by LACC1","volume":"235","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01970-7","article-title":"Knockdown of long non-coding RNA SOX2OT downregulates SOX2 to improve hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.01.019","article-title":"Selective activation of cholinergic neurotransmission from the medial septal nucleus to hippocampal pyramidal neurones improves sepsis-induced cognitive deficits in mice","volume":"130","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02756-3","article-title":"HMGB1 mediates synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in an animal model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"20","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114326","article-title":"Resveratrol glycoside mediates microglial endoplasmic reticulum stress to mitigate LPS-induced sepsis-associated cognitive dysfunction","volume":"443","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107583","article-title":"Hydrogen gas alleviates sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment through regulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3a-mediated BDNF promoter IV methylation in mice","volume":"95","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274727","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1274727","article-title":"Crucial role of autophagy in propofol-treated neurological diseases: A comprehensive review","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00334","article-title":"Neurovascular unit dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106585","article-title":"Hydrogen gas alleviates blood-brain barrier impairment and cognitive dysfunction of septic mice in an Nrf2-dependent pathway","volume":"85","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002296","article-title":"Role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy pathogenesis: An update","volume":"61","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115816","article-title":"TIPE2 ameliorates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in sepsis-associated encephalopathy through regulating RhoA\/ROCK2-NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"217","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03395-6","article-title":"Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps alleviates blood-brain barrier disruption and cognitive dysfunction via Wnt3\/\u03b2-catenin\/TCF4 signaling in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"22","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9900-8","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate limits neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improves cognitive impairment after polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"34","author":"Zarbato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotoxicity Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20931","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20931","article-title":"LPS causes pericyte loss and microvascular dysfunction via disruption of Sirt3\/angiopoietins\/Tie-2 and HIF-2\u03b1\/Notch3 pathways","volume":"6","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14655","article-title":"Serotonergic neurotransmission mediated cognitive dysfunction in two mouse models of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2030","article-title":"Neutrophil, neutrophil extracellular traps and endothelial cell dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12282","article-title":"Combined treatment with the antibiotics kanamycin and streptomycin promotes the conjugation of Escherichia coli","volume":"348","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2022.07.007","article-title":"MDSCs in sepsis-induced immunosuppression and its potential therapeutic targets","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00486","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine attenuates neuroinflammation-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis impairment in sepsis-associated encephalopathy mice through central \u03b12A-adrenoceptor","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010562","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1010562","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes improve cognitive function in the aging brain by promoting neurogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110009","article-title":"Hydrogen regulates mitochondrial quality to protect glial cells and alleviates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by Nrf2\/YY1 complex promoting HO-1 expression","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379019","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1379019","article-title":"Factors contributing to sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9369","article-title":"VEGF enhances angiogenesis and promotes blood-brain barrier leakage in the ischemic brain","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2075","article-title":"Metformin mitigates sepsis-related neuroinflammation via modulating gut microbiota and metabolites","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084868","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1084868","article-title":"The nomogram to predict the occurrence of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in elderly patients in the intensive care units: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16204","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow alterations in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: A prospective observational study","volume":"42","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.09.007","article-title":"JQ1 attenuates neuroinflammation by inhibiting the inflammasome-dependent canonical pyroptosis pathway in SAE","volume":"189","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-020-00181-3","article-title":"Ethyl pyruvate protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"26","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9238290","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9238290","article-title":"Recent advances of the NLRP3 inflammasome in central nervous system disorders","volume":"2016","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.09.020","article-title":"Low-dose dexamethasone increases autophagy in cerebral cortical neurons of juvenile rats with sepsis associated encephalopathy","volume":"419","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175616","article-title":"Puerarin protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway and reducing blood-brain barrier damage","volume":"945","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2115","article-title":"Research progress in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S458013","article-title":"Propofol and dexmedetomidine ameliorate endotoxemia-associated encephalopathy via inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04163-3","article-title":"Propofol mitigates sepsis-induced brain injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2\/HO-1axis","volume":"49","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04115-x","article-title":"Remimazolam attenuates LPS-derived cognitive dysfunction via subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve target \u03b17nAChR-mediated Nrf2\/HO-1 signal pathway","volume":"49","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bib2185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04115-x","article-title":"Remimazolam attenuates LPS-derived cognitive dysfunction via subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve target \u03b17nAChR-mediated Nrf2\/HO-1 sgnal pathway","volume":"49","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2135","first-page":"0598","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived interleukin 11 modulates astrocyte-microglia crosstalk via nuclear factor-\u03baB signaling pathway in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Research (Washington, DC)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24923","article-title":"Role of the unfolded protein response, GRP78 and GRP94 in organ homeostasis","volume":"230","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7845","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04075-x","article-title":"M2 microglia-derived exosomes protect against glutamate-induced HT22 cell injury via exosomal miR-124-3p","volume":"61","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105836","article-title":"TRPM2 channel regulates cytokines production in astrocytes and aggravates brain disorder during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin sepsis","volume":"75","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03161-0","article-title":"Integrating single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to elucidate a specialized subpopulation of astrocytes, microglia and vascular cells in brains of mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971_bb2160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.041","article-title":"Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features","volume":"174","author":"Zmora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725825001834?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725825001834?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T06:08:03Z","timestamp":1768975683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163725825001834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":423,"alternative-id":["S0163725825001834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-7258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-7258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Unraveling molecular mechanisms, emerging therapeutics, and translational frontiers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2025.108971","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108971"}}