{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T14:48:31Z","timestamp":1794581311305,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":242,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21CDA851511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21CDA851511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HL159276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HL159276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T07:42:42Z","timestamp":1769758962000},"page":"108996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Therapeutic management of inflammatory heart diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"280","author":[{"given":"Aldo","family":"Bonaventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Giuseppe","family":"Del Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Golino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Potere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Vecchi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Malandrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Van Tassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taryn","family":"Youngstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany N.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001531","article-title":"Inflammation and heart diseases: Immunology, cardiology, and rheumatology","volume":"83","author":"Abbate","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv318","volume":"36","author":"Adler","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(23)03441-1","article-title":"Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a Covid-19 patient","volume":"81","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae788","article-title":"Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis: A clinical and pathophysiological reappraisal","volume":"46","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2024.06.008","article-title":"Diversity in acute autoimmune pericarditis: Nationwide analysis of in-hospital outcomes and recurrence","volume":"4","author":"Aikawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.004","article-title":"IL-1beta reduces cardiac lymphatic muscle contraction via COX-2 and PGE(2) induction: Potential role in myocarditis","volume":"107","author":"Al-Kofahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(20)31426-4","article-title":"Coronary artery involvement in Takayasu\u2019s arteritis. Collective review and guideline for surgical treatment","volume":"102","author":"Amano","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035319","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcome in a contemporary cohort of patients with acute myocarditis: Multicenter Lombardy registry","volume":"138","author":"Ammirati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007405","article-title":"Management of Acute Myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy: An expert consensus document","volume":"13","author":"Ammirati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation. Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.3371","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of acute Myocarditis: A review","volume":"329","author":"Ammirati","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0055","first-page":"14","article-title":"COVID-19 cardiac injury and the use of colchicine","author":"Anton-Vazquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"BML Case Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0060","first-page":"3","article-title":"A histopathologic definition and classification","volume":"1","author":"Aretz","year":"1987","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiovascular Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2017.05.008","article-title":"Coronary artery stenting in acute coronary syndrome associated with giant cell arteritis","volume":"16","author":"Armellin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiology Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.08.001","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Takayasu\u2019s arteritis: A 2011 update","volume":"11","author":"Arnaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.07.029","article-title":"Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis","volume":"32","author":"Asopa","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2114478","article-title":"Myocarditis","volume":"387","author":"Basso","year":"2022","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-015-0043-3","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombosis","volume":"13","author":"Bazzan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thrombosis Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(21)02790-X","article-title":"Myocarditis response to colchicine therapy based on cardiac Mri diagnostic criteria","volume":"77","author":"Behbahani-Nejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0095","first-page":"834","article-title":"Successful benralizumab for eosinophilic myocarditis in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"40","author":"Belfeki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000990","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in acute myopericarditis: 12-month clinical follow-up","volume":"6","author":"Berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(24)05975-8","article-title":"Mepolizumab for the treatment of covid associated eosinophilic myocarditis","volume":"83","author":"Bhatt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.10.003","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis multi-center randomized controlled trial (CHASM CS- RCT)","volume":"220","author":"Birnie","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2403077","article-title":"Novel pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic concepts in acute and recurrent pericarditis","volume":"24","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00536-9","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.23736\/S0031-0808.20.04205-6","article-title":"An update on the pathophysiology of acute and recurrent pericarditis","volume":"63","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Panminerva Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6385","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"36","author":"Brahmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.15826","article-title":"Effect of anakinra on recurrent pericarditis among patients with colchicine resistance and corticosteroid dependence: The AIRTRIP randomized clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Brucato","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328351da6e","article-title":"Clinical presentation and long-term follow-up of perimyocarditis","volume":"14","author":"Buiatti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11638","article-title":"Overview and comparison of infectious endocarditis and non-infectious endocarditis: A review of 814 autoptic cases","volume":"33","author":"Bussani","year":"2019","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/n0gibi","article-title":"Successful treatment with anakinra of refractory pericarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"39","author":"Cafarelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.187138","article-title":"Anti-heart and anti-intercalated disk autoantibodies: Evidence for autoimmunity in idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis","volume":"96","author":"Caforio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht210","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: A position statement of the European society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"34","author":"Caforio","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3220","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of tailored immunosuppressive therapy in immune-mediated biopsy-proven myocarditis: A propensity-weighted study","volume":"26","author":"Caforio","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.07.016","article-title":"Tocilizumab for the treatment of immune-related adverse events: A systematic literature review and a multicentre case series","volume":"93","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037837","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1037837","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of demographic factors in cardiac magnetic resonance-proven acute myocarditis: A cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Cannata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0180","author":"Cardiol Therapeutics Announces Positive Topline Data from its Phase II MAvERIC-Pilot Study Investigating CardiolRx(TM) for Recurrent Pericarditis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1054-6","article-title":"Peripheral immunophenotypes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"26","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e751","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001654","article-title":"Treating life-threatening Myocarditis by blocking Interleukin-1","volume":"44","author":"Cavalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0195","article-title":"Marantic endocarditis associated with COVID-19: A rare case report of a potentially deadly disease","volume":"8","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-013-0260-7","article-title":"Effect of hydrodynamics-based delivery of IL-18BP fusion gene on rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.021","article-title":"Management of Acute and Recurrent Pericarditis: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"75","author":"Chiabrando","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13012","article-title":"Myocarditis and intramural coronary vasculitis in polyarteritis nodosa: An unusual treatable form of heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Chimenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac348","article-title":"Immunosuppressive therapy in virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: 20-year follow-up of the TIMIC trial","volume":"43","author":"Chimenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"960\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0220","article-title":"Prospective open-label trial of etanercept as adjunctive therapy for Kawasaki disease","volume":"157","author":"Choueiter","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24633","article-title":"2021 American College of Rheumatology\/Vasculitis Foundation guideline for the Management of Polyarteritis Nodosa","volume":"73","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.032","article-title":"Cardiovascular events and the role of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic vasculitis","volume":"325","author":"Clifford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.243196","article-title":"The fire within: Cardiac inflammatory signaling in health and disease","volume":"110","author":"Coggins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315581207","article-title":"Rivaroxaban in antiphospholipid syndrome (RAPS) protocol: A prospective, randomized controlled phase II\/III clinical trial of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome, with or without SLE","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2012.12.004","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease due to accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic vasculitides","volume":"27","author":"Cohen Tervaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.03.001","article-title":"Early benralizumab for eosinophilic myocarditis in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"69","author":"Colantuono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergology International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.11.025","article-title":"Anti TNF-alpha in refractory Takayasu\u2019s arteritis: Cases series and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Comarmond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14849","article-title":"Thromboinflammation and the hypercoagulability of COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Connors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0265","article-title":"Use of an IL-1 inhibitor for refractory steroid-dependent lupus pericarditis with constrictive physiology","volume":"30","author":"Creechan","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.12935","article-title":"Diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of pericarditis: A review","volume":"332","author":"Cremer","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0275","article-title":"Pathogenic pathways and therapeutic targets of inflammation in heart diseases: A focus on Interleukin-1","volume":"54","author":"Del Buono","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.08.048","article-title":"Pericarditis recurrence after initial uncomplicated clinical course","volume":"160","author":"Del Buono","year":"2021","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad193","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of endocarditis","volume":"44","author":"Delgado","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0290","article-title":"Case report: Use of anakinra in multisystem inflammatory syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Della Paolera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2015.01007","article-title":"Cardiac manifestations in Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Demirelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intractable and Rare Diseases Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.185777","article-title":"Toll-like receptors 4 and 5 induce distinct types of vasculitis","volume":"104","author":"Deng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30933-9","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis","volume":"390","author":"Denton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(76)80008-7","article-title":"Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis: Clinicopathologic correlations","volume":"92","author":"Deppisch","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040319","article-title":"IL-1: Discoveries, controversies and future directions","volume":"40","author":"Dinarello","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-273417","article-title":"Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"117","author":"Dinarello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0277-8","article-title":"The IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors in rheumatic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Dinarello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa742","article-title":"Predictors of subclinical systemic sclerosis primary heart involvement characterised by microvasculopathy and myocardial fibrosis","volume":"60","author":"Dumitru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0335","series-title":"PanVascular Medicine","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inflammatory diseases of the coronary arteries","author":"Dye","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.12-5-518","article-title":"Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in cancer patients: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"El-Shami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02629-6","article-title":"Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"403","author":"Emmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-013-1036-5","article-title":"Behcet\u2019s syndrome pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Emmi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Internal and Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0355","first-page":"S87","article-title":"A rare but serious manifestation of Behcet\u2019s disease: Intracardiac thrombus in 22 patients","volume":"32","author":"Emmungil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3800","article-title":"Role of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in cardiac injury and repair","volume":"15","author":"Epelman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-016-1011-z","article-title":"Long-term outcome of patients with virus-negative chronic myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy after immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"105","author":"Escher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Research in Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1903064","article-title":"Alemtuzumab for immune-related myocarditis due to PD-1 therapy","volume":"380","author":"Esfahani","year":"2019","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0375","first-page":"11","article-title":"Selective immune suppression using interleukin-6 receptor inhibitors for management of immune-related adverse events","author":"Fa\u2019ak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225851","article-title":"EULAR\/PReS recommendations for the diagnosis and management of still\u2019s disease, comprising systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset still\u2019s disease","volume":"83","author":"Fautrel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0385","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Rilonacept use in lupus pericarditis","volume":"42","author":"Fava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021183","article-title":"Corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy for cardiac sarcoidosis: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Fazelpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2091","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of US children and adolescents with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) compared with severe acute COVID-19","volume":"325","author":"Feldstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001542","article-title":"Current treatment and immunomodulation strategies in acute Myocarditis","volume":"83","author":"Ferone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02072405","article-title":"Cardiovascular lesions in collagen-vascular diseases","volume":"1","author":"Ferrans","year":"1985","journal-title":"Heart and Vessels. Supplement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.072","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial inflammation: Expert recommendations","volume":"72","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0415","first-page":"12","article-title":"Interleukin-17A-correlated myocarditis in patients with psoriasis: cardiac recovery following secukinumab administration","author":"Frustaci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp249","article-title":"Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: The TIMIC study","volume":"30","author":"Frustaci","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91504-6","article-title":"High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin for Kawasaki disease","volume":"2","author":"Furusho","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198809293191302","article-title":"Prevalence, morphologic types, and evolution of cardiac valvular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"319","author":"Galve","year":"1988","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-022820-093805","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology and interplay of immune checkpoint agents: A Yin-Yang balance","volume":"61","author":"Geraud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.07.018","article-title":"A comprehensive review on adult onset still\u2019s disease","volume":"93","author":"Giacomelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0445","article-title":"Effect of colchicine on 90-day outcomes in patients with acute myocarditis: A real-world analysis","volume":"47","author":"Golino","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Heart Journal Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity in acute myocarditis","volume":"404","author":"Golino","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0455","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis in cancer patients","volume":"46","author":"Gonzalez Quintela","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Cardiologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0460","first-page":"9","article-title":"Coronary vasculitis","author":"Gori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.07.017","article-title":"How I treat patients with adult onset still\u2019s disease in clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Govoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2023.04.012","article-title":"Rapid effect of benralizumab in fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis in the setting of uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma","volume":"28","author":"Goyack","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiology Cases"},{"issue":"375\u2013408","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0475","first-page":"11","article-title":"The cardiac lesions in Libman-Sacks disease: With a consideration of its relationship to acute diffuse lupus erythematosus","volume":"16","author":"Gross","year":"1940","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.22","article-title":"Pathophysiology and clinical management of cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"12","author":"Hamzeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.08.2099","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 acute Myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult intensive and cardiac care units","volume":"159","author":"Hekimian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215672","article-title":"2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis","volume":"79","author":"Hellmich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223764","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update","volume":"83","author":"Hellmich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005361","article-title":"Consensus-based guidelines for the recognition, diagnosis, and management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in critically ill children and adults","volume":"50","author":"Hines","year":"2022","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.25.4.610","article-title":"The heart in periarteritis nodosa","volume":"25","author":"Holsinger","year":"1962","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz026","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"115","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-008-0765-5","article-title":"Role of the innate immune system in acute viral myocarditis","volume":"104","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Basic Research in Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00251-2","article-title":"Revascularization versus medical therapy in Takayasu\u2019s arteritis patients with coronary artery involvement","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315204","article-title":"Non-infective endocarditis","volume":"106","author":"Hurrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5683.21.05876-2","article-title":"The inflammasome as a therapeutic target for myopericardial diseases","volume":"70","author":"Imazio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Minerva Cardiology and Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319879534","article-title":"Anakinra for corticosteroid-dependent and colchicine-resistant pericarditis: The IRAP (international registry of anakinra for pericarditis) study","volume":"27","author":"Imazio","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001531","article-title":"Good prognosis for pericarditis with and without myocardial involvement: Results from a multicenter, prospective cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Imazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.761064","article-title":"Corticosteroids for recurrent pericarditis: High versus low doses: A nonrandomized observation","volume":"118","author":"Imazio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032516","article-title":"Sustained pericarditis recurrence risk reduction with long-term rilonacept","volume":"13","author":"Imazio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab452","article-title":"Anti-interleukin-1 agents for pericarditis: A primer for cardiologists","volume":"43","author":"Imazio","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.03.099","article-title":"Coronary vasculitis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"173","author":"Imbalzano","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12084","article-title":"Japanese antibacterial drug management for cardiac sarcoidosis (J-ACNES): A multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study","volume":"34","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Arrhythmia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.07.047","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of anakinra for Management of Refractory Pericarditis","volume":"116","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e481","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001295","article-title":"Update on diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"150","author":"Jone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/23971983241313096","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis: A critical review of knowledge gaps and opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Scleroderma and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0585","article-title":"Takayasu Arteritis: JACC Focus Seminar 3\/4","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology, S0735-1097, 07305-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.02.030","article-title":"Endovascular versus open surgical intervention in patients with Takayasu\u2019s arteritis: A Meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2000.1242","article-title":"Effect of interleukin-18 on viral myocarditis: Enhancement of interferon- gamma and natural killer cell activity","volume":"32","author":"Kanda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s40792-017-0335-x","article-title":"Surgical management of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in malignancy","volume":"3","author":"Kaneyuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surgical Case Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951123000483","article-title":"Successful treatment of two cases of acute myocarditis with colchicine","volume":"33","author":"Kavgaci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiology in the Young"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001494","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Pericarditis in rheumatic diseases","volume":"83","author":"Kawano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/90.10.643","article-title":"Attacks of pericarditis as a manifestation of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)","volume":"90","author":"Kees","year":"1997","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2023.07.004","article-title":"Rationale and design of the ARAMIS trial: Anakinra versus placebo, a double blind randomized controlled trial for the treatment of acute myocarditis","volume":"116","author":"Kerneis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01813-6","article-title":"Coronary artery vasculitis: A review of current literature","volume":"21","author":"Khanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-013-0368-4","article-title":"Therapy with immunoglobulin in patients with acute myocarditis and cardiomyopathy: Analysis of leukocyte balance","volume":"29","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart and Vessels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027892","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of Interleukin-1 trap rilonacept in recurrent pericarditis","volume":"384","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0640","first-page":"937","article-title":"Pericardial diseases: International position statement on new concepts and advances in multimodality cardiac imaging","volume":"17","author":"Klein","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.123.011869","article-title":"Interleukin-1 blockade in cardiac sarcoidosis: A pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Kron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03130-8","article-title":"Interleukin-1 blockade in cardiac sarcoidosis: Study design of the multimodality assessment of granulomas in cardiac sarcoidosis: Anakinra randomized trial (MAGiC-ART)","volume":"19","author":"Kron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007582","article-title":"Inflammasome formation in granulomas in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"12","author":"Kron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002778","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis as a cause of myocarditis and atrial fibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Kushnir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation. Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.046","article-title":"Statins reduce relapse rate in Takayasu arteritis","volume":"287","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032143","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults","volume":"13","author":"La Vecchia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00007","article-title":"Cannabidiol limits T cell-mediated chronic autoimmune myocarditis: Implications to autoimmune disorders and organ transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01368-w","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces IL-18-mediated cardiopulmonary inflammation via reduced mitophagy","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14280","article-title":"Inflammation unites diverse acute and chronic diseases","volume":"54","author":"Libby","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1924.00110300044002","article-title":"A hitherto undescribed form of valvular and mural endocarditis","volume":"33","author":"Libman","year":"1924","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000106","article-title":"Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiology in Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-022-00948-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial calpain-1 activates NLRP3 inflammasome by cleaving ATP5A1 and inducing mitochondrial ROS in CVB3-induced myocarditis","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic Research in Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.150.suppl_1.4140774","article-title":"Abstract 4140774: Pharmaceutically manufactured cannabidiol demonstrates clinically relevant reductions in pericarditis pain and C-reactive protein in patients with recurrent pericarditis \u2013 The MAvERIC-pilot study","volume":"150","author":"Luis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.037","article-title":"Myocarditis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"71","author":"Mahmood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03514-2","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of IL1 inhibition with anakinra in chronic refractory idiopathic myocarditis","volume":"19","author":"Malandrino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internal and Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2024.08.006","article-title":"Diversity in acute pericarditis: Picking the apples from the oranges","volume":"4","author":"Malandrino","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-019-1238-1","article-title":"Cardiac Sarcoidosis","volume":"21","author":"Mankad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Cardiology Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.012","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and related cytokines in the regulation of inflammation and immunity","volume":"50","author":"Mantovani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.124.321202","article-title":"Emerging imaging techniques for atherosclerosis in systemic immune-mediated inflammatory conditions","volume":"45","author":"Markousis-Mavrogenis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28165980","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of cannabidiol","volume":"28","author":"Martinez Naya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0745","first-page":"e169","article-title":"Protective effects of cannabidiol in a mouse model of acute pericarditis","volume":"131","author":"Martinez-Naya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508033330501","article-title":"A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The Myocarditis treatment trial investigators","volume":"333","author":"Mason","year":"1995","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.005015","article-title":"Tolerance, danger, and the extended family","volume":"12","author":"Matzinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01054-0","article-title":"Anakinra in pediatric acute fulminant myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"Maunier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annals of Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0765","first-page":"137","article-title":"The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in pericarditis: Potential for therapeutic approaches","volume":"6","author":"Mauro","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC: Basic to Translational Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41774","article-title":"2021 American College of Rheumatology\/vasculitis foundation guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis","volume":"73","author":"Maz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rhematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000484","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: A scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"McCrindle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14889","article-title":"Impact of cannabidiol on myocardial recovery in patients with acute myocarditis: Rationale & design of the ARCHER trial","volume":"11","author":"McNamara","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.11.2476","article-title":"Intravenous immune globulin in the therapy of myocarditis and acute cardiomyopathy","volume":"95","author":"McNamara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2015.09.011","article-title":"Coronary arteritis: An entity to be considered in giant cell arteritis","volume":"51","author":"Mednick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker380","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of infliximab in refractory Takayasu arteritis: French multicentre study","volume":"51","author":"Mekinian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004228","article-title":"Immunosuppressive therapy improves both short- and long-term prognosis in patients with virus-negative nonfulminant inflammatory cardiomyopathy","volume":"11","author":"Merken","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation. Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2013.10.006","article-title":"The heart in vasculitis","volume":"40","author":"Miloslavsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20686-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a model of coxsackievirus B3-induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy","volume":"8","author":"Miteva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0815","first-page":"217","article-title":"Abnormal myocardial mechanics in Kawasaki disease: Rapid response to gamma-globulin","volume":"139","author":"Moran","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001762","article-title":"Anakinra in fulminant acute myocarditis: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"87","author":"Morini","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6940e1","article-title":"Case series of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection - United Kingdom and United States, march-august 2020","volume":"69","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuad102","article-title":"In-perspective: The ARAMIS double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of anakinra for the treatment of acute myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"Morrow","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.04.046","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis with Goflikicept: Phase II\/III study results","volume":"82","author":"Myachikova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.04.010","article-title":"Risk of adverse outcomes associated with cardiac sarcoidosis diagnostic schemes","volume":"9","author":"Myadam","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050262","article-title":"Tissue factor is associated with the nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis induced by a hypobaric hypoxic environment in rats","volume":"433","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.54.405","article-title":"Tocilizumab for the treatment of patients with refractory Takayasu arteritis","volume":"54","author":"Nakaoka","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181af35a5","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome: Impact of endomyocarditis","volume":"88","author":"Neumann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0860","author":"New Data from the Phase II ARCHER Trial Demonstrate CardiolRx\u2122 Improves Heart Structure in Patients with Acute Myocarditis, Supporting Expansion Across Inflammatory Cardiac Conditions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.6.1237","article-title":"Left ventricular contractility and function in Kawasaki syndrome. Effect of intravenous gamma-globulin","volume":"79","author":"Newburger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608073150601","article-title":"The treatment of Kawasaki syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin","volume":"315","author":"Newburger","year":"1986","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0875","first-page":"334","article-title":"Recurrent lupus pericarditis treated with anakinra - a case report","volume":"1","author":"Oliveira Pinheiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"ARP Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06648-y","article-title":"Fulminant myocarditis with adult-onset still\u2019s disease: Case-based review","volume":"42","author":"Ono","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.a2021.0166","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppression in biopsy-proven virus-negative myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy (IMPROVE-MC)","volume":"29","author":"Ozieranski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiology Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0890","first-page":"989","article-title":"Case series of ventricular tachycardia and myocarditis from programmed cell-death protein-1 inhibitor treated with infliximab","volume":"5","author":"Padegimas","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2207oa","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in small and medium-sized vessel vasculitides","volume":"14","author":"Pagnoux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05005-7","article-title":"Tocilizumab treatment effectively improves coronary artery involvement in patients with Takayasu arteritis","volume":"39","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13845","article-title":"Colchicine prevents disease progression in viral myocarditis via modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in the cardiosplenic axis","volume":"9","author":"Pappritz","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001413","article-title":"Prognostic role of contraindicated drugs in hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure","volume":"386","author":"Parish","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.26456","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults: A systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.12.006","article-title":"Selective stent placement versus balloon angioplasty for renovascular hypertension caused by Takayasu arteritis: Two-year results","volume":"205","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-006-1322-3","article-title":"Muronomab-CD3 for pediatric acute myocarditis","volume":"28","author":"Perens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy090","article-title":"Cardiac manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"39","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(18)32849-3","article-title":"Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis despite anticoagulation with new Oral anticoagulants","volume":"71","author":"Petrescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(23)02943-1","article-title":"Eosinophilic myocarditis complicated by obstructive coronary artery disease treated with mepolizumab","volume":"81","author":"Pink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3675","article-title":"Etanercept with IVIg for acute Kawasaki disease: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"143","author":"Portman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.025","article-title":"Diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: A systematic review","volume":"296","author":"Pradhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.70161","article-title":"IL-6 in the spotlight: From cardiovascular pathophysiology to therapy","volume":"56","author":"Preda","year":"2026","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00327-5","article-title":"Large-vessel vasculitis","volume":"7","author":"Pugh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Disease Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.16.11.1319","article-title":"Hypercoagulable state in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome is related to high induced tissue factor expression on monocytes and to low free protein s","volume":"16","author":"Reverter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.841","article-title":"Report of the 1995 World Health Organization\/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies","volume":"93","author":"Richardson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2022.2140485","article-title":"Efficacy of interleukin-1 blockade with anakinra in the management of post-COVID-19 steroid-dependent multisystem inflammatory syndrome: A case report","volume":"52","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0980","first-page":"973","article-title":"Libman-sacks endocarditis and embolic cerebrovascular disease","volume":"6","author":"Roldan","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.009203","article-title":"Arrhythmias in cardiac sarcoidosis bench to bedside: A case-based review","volume":"14","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010952","article-title":"Long-term corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppression for cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"8","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001582","article-title":"RNA-containing cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in ciliated bronchial epithelium months to years after acute Kawasaki disease","volume":"3","author":"Rowley","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq136","article-title":"Ultrastructural, immunofluorescence, and RNA evidence support the hypothesis of a \u201cnew\u201d virus associated with Kawasaki disease","volume":"203","author":"Rowley","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2305712","article-title":"Behcet\u2019s syndrome","volume":"390","author":"Saadoun","year":"2024","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951122001470","article-title":"Etanercept with IVIg for acute Kawasaki disease: A long-term follow-up on the EATAK trial","volume":"33","author":"Sagiv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiology in the Young"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1901677","article-title":"Abatacept for severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis","volume":"380","author":"Salem","year":"2019","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90365-5","article-title":"The heart in polyarteritis nodosa: A clinicopathologic study","volume":"109","author":"Schrader","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf192","article-title":"2025 ESC guidelines for the management of myocarditis and pericarditis","volume":"46","author":"Schulz-Menger","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1177\/08971900231152369","article-title":"Key articles and guidelines in the Management of Pericardial Syndromes","volume":"37","author":"Schwier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872619886309","article-title":"Efficacy of anakinra for idiopathic and non-idiopathic pericarditis refractory or intolerant to conventional therapy","volume":"9","author":"Shaukat","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070378","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1070378","article-title":"Case report: Polyarteritis nodosa as a substrate for a massive myocardial infarction","volume":"9","author":"Solis-Jimenez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-09-0905","article-title":"Antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of arterial ischemic events in takayasu arteritis","volume":"74","author":"de Souza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613849","article-title":"Trial of tocilizumab in Giant-cell arteritis","volume":"377","author":"Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22617-y","article-title":"IL-37 alleviates coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.10.150","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of patients with isolated cardiac sarcoidosis confirmed by clinical diagnostic criteria","volume":"345","author":"Takaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295","article-title":"IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001435","article-title":"Interleukin-1 blockers for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis: pathophysiology, patient-reported outcomes, and perspectives","volume":"83","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00946-3","article-title":"The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"21","author":"Toldo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key040","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis: Advanced understanding is leading to new horizons","volume":"58","author":"Tombetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62298-9","article-title":"Infliximab for intensification of primary therapy for Kawasaki disease: A phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"383","author":"Tremoulet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1090","article-title":"Interleukin-5 antagonist monoclonal antibody therapy improves symptoms and reduces steroid dependence in eosinophilic myocarditis patients","volume":"29","author":"Trovato","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC: Case Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280000372","article-title":"Association between nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and hypoxigenic pulmonary diseases","volume":"438","author":"Truskinovsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00435-x","article-title":"Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: Current evidence and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Tschope","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1105","first-page":"3","article-title":"Targeting CD20+ B-lymphocytes in inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy with rituximab improves clinical course: A case series","author":"Tschope","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Heart Journal - Case Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.07.039","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcomes of acute pericarditis in a large Urban Hospital in the United States of America","volume":"158","author":"Vecchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2022.1282","article-title":"A new insight into nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis: A systematic review of cases","volume":"26","author":"Venepally","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anatolian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.054","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C\/A): Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data","volume":"39","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.46497\/ArchRheumatol.2023.9559","article-title":"Mepolizumab therapy improves endomyocarditis in seropositive eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Archives of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.05.023","article-title":"2025 concise clinical guidance: An ACC expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and Management of Pericarditis: A report of the American College of Cardiology Solution set Oversight Committee","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02220-z","article-title":"The immune system in cardiovascular diseases: From basic mechanisms to therapeutic implications","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1438","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00441.2014","article-title":"Involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in CVB3-induced viral myocarditis","volume":"307","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027846","article-title":"Sore, hot, and at risk: The emerging specialty of cardio-rheumatology","volume":"12","author":"Weber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.122.014940","article-title":"Association between systemic vasculitis and coronary microvascular dysfunction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"16","author":"Weber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuad096","article-title":"Acute cardiovascular complications of immune-mediated systemic inflammatory diseases","volume":"12","author":"Weber","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e576S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2305","article-title":"Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for valvular disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Whitlock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez304","article-title":"Important drug interactions exist between cannabidiol oil and commonly prescribed drugs in rheumatology practice","volume":"59","author":"Wilson-Morkeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000847","article-title":"Acute effects of Interleukin-1 blockade using anakinra in patients with acute pericarditis","volume":"76","author":"Wohlford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.1.39","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled study for immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy: Two-year follow-up results","volume":"104","author":"Wojnicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.10.080","article-title":"2024 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on strategies and criteria for the diagnosis and management of myocarditis: A report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee","volume":"85","author":"Writing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.208","article-title":"Behcet syndrome: A contemporary view","volume":"14","author":"Yazici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.12.008","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome): Prospective evaluation at a tertiary referral Centre","volume":"85","author":"Zampieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1195","first-page":"13","article-title":"Treatment of corticosteroid refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis with infliximab: A case series","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiooncology"},{"issue":"2356\u201369","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1200","article-title":"A membrane potential- and calpain-dependent reversal of Caspase-1 inhibition regulates canonical NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-eular.6950","article-title":"THU0332\u00a0cardiac involvement in polyarteritis nodosa: A retrospective pathological study of 37 autopsy cases","volume":"76","author":"Zimba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996_bb1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.10.009","article-title":"Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis: A state-of-the-art contemporary review","volume":"74","author":"Zmaili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725826000239?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725826000239?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T13:36:44Z","timestamp":1771681004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163725826000239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":242,"alternative-id":["S0163725826000239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-7258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-7258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Therapeutic management of inflammatory heart diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.108996","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108996"}}