{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:47:50Z","timestamp":1790279270154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Heart and Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:18:43Z","timestamp":1771633123000},"page":"109010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical relevance of per-particle atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, Lp(a) and LDL for cardiovascular risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Elias","family":"Bj\u00f6rnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Packard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2404143","article-title":"Plozasiran, an RNA interference agent targeting APOC3, for mixed hyperlipidemia","volume":"391","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2024","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2507227","article-title":"Targeting APOC3 with olezarsen in moderate hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"393","author":"Bergmark","year":"2025","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R200004-JLR200","article-title":"Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity","volume":"43","author":"Berneis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.07.034","article-title":"Quantifying triglyceride-rich lipoprotein atherogenicity, associations with inflammation, and implications for risk assessment using non-HDL cholesterol","volume":"84","author":"Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.10.039","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) is markedly more atherogenic than LDL: An apolipoprotein B\u2013based genetic analysis","volume":"83","author":"Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad337","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants, low-density lipoproteins, and risk of coronary heart disease: A UK biobank study","volume":"44","author":"Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12877","article-title":"Investigation of human apoB48 metabolism using a new, integrated non\u2013steady-state model of apoB48 and apoB100 kinetics","volume":"285","author":"Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315446","article-title":"Effects of evolocumab on the postprandial kinetics of apolipoprotein B100\u2013 And B48\u2013containing lipoproteins in subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Bor\u00e9n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00676-y","article-title":"Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in health and dyslipidaemia","volume":"19","author":"Bor\u00e9n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.1470","article-title":"Association of LPA variants with risk of coronary disease and implications for lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies: A Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"3","author":"Burgess","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120529","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, remnants and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: What we know and what we need to know","volume":"410","author":"Chapman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2025.03.019","article-title":"Design and rationale of the Lp(a)HORIZON trial","volume":"287","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.09.009","article-title":"Variance in the composition and number of VLDL and LDL particles with increasing triglyceride or increasing ApoB concentrations","volume":"19","author":"Cole","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Lipidology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307095","article-title":"Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3, triglycerides, and coronary disease","volume":"371","author":"Crosby","year":"2014","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612790","article-title":"Genetic and pharmacologic inactivation of ANGPTL3 and cardiovascular disease","volume":"377","author":"Dewey","year":"2017","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1510926","article-title":"Inactivating variants in ANGPTL4 and risk of coronary artery disease","volume":"374","author":"Dewey","year":"2016","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2795","article-title":"Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease","volume":"45","author":"Do","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.319937","article-title":"Diacylglycerols and lysophosphatidic acid enriched on lipoprotein(a) contribute to monocyte inflammation","volume":"44","author":"Dzobo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.004","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a): An underestimated inflammatory mastermind","volume":"349","author":"Dzobo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0100","series-title":"Endotext","article-title":"Introduction to lipids and lipoproteins","author":"Feingold","year":"2024"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx144","article-title":"Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies","volume":"38","author":"Ference","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20045","article-title":"Association of triglyceride-lowering LPL variants and LDL-C\u2013lowering LDLR variants with risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"321","author":"Ference","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4791","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab551","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: Metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European atherosclerosis society","volume":"42","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac219","article-title":"Cholesterol, not particle concentration, mediates the atherogenic risk conferred by apolipoprotein B particles","volume":"29","author":"Helgadottir","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht571","article-title":"Mendelian randomization of blood lipids for coronary heart disease","volume":"36","author":"Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119139","article-title":"Discordance analyses comparing LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B for cardiovascular risk estimation","volume":"403","author":"Johannesen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1308027","article-title":"Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 and risk of ischemic vascular disease","volume":"371","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.801","article-title":"Genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) and increased risk of myocardial infarction","volume":"301","author":"Kamstrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac361","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: A European atherosclerosis society consensus statement","volume":"43","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0150","article-title":"Olezarsen for managing severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis risk","author":"Marston","year":"2025","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6144","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/330132a0","article-title":"cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen","volume":"330","author":"McLean","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415818","article-title":"Lepodisiran - a long-duration small interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a)","volume":"392","author":"Nissen","year":"2025","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.1874","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and long-term plaque progression, low-density plaque, and Pericoronary inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Nurmohamed","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211023","article-title":"Small interfering RNA to reduce lipoprotein(a) in cardiovascular disease","volume":"387","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2022","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.02.001","article-title":"Clinical implications of discordance between LDL cholesterol and LDL particle number","volume":"5","author":"Otvos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Lipidology"},{"issue":"5908","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161524","article-title":"A null mutation in human APOC3 confers a favorable plasma lipid profile and apparent cardioprotection","volume":"322","author":"Pollin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.05.009","article-title":"Non\u2013high-density lipoprotein cholesterol versus apolipoprotein B in cardiovascular risk stratification: Do the math","volume":"58","author":"Ramjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0190","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk-weighted apoB: A novel summary metric outperforming traditional lipid biomarkers in predicting coronary heart disease","volume":"00","author":"Rehman","year":"2026","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000147","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a): A genetically determined, causal, and prevalent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"42","author":"Reyes-Soffer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R077693","article-title":"The metabolism of lipoprotein (a): An ever-evolving story","volume":"58","author":"Reyes-Soffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003062","article-title":"Evaluating the relationship between circulating lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins with risk of coronary heart disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation analysis","volume":"17","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30088-8","article-title":"Apolipoprotein(a) isoform size, lipoprotein(a) concentration, and coronary artery disease: A mendelian randomisation analysis","volume":"5","author":"Saleheen","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.1310","article-title":"Individual variation in the distribution of apolipoprotein B levels across the spectrum of LDL-C or non\u2013HDL-C levels","volume":"9","author":"Sayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0220","first-page":"844","article-title":"ApoB, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C as markers of cardiovascular risk","volume":"19","author":"Sehayek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Lipidology"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(86)29092-8","article-title":"Receptor-independent low-density lipoprotein catabolism","volume":"129","author":"Shepherd","year":"1986","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae258","article-title":"Discordance among apoB, non\u2013high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides: Implications for cardiovascular prevention","volume":"45","author":"Sniderman","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.959247","article-title":"A meta-analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B as markers of cardiovascular risk","volume":"4","author":"Sniderman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz087","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a), arterial inflammation, and PCSK9 inhibition","volume":"40","author":"Tardif","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725826000379?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163725826000379?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:07:30Z","timestamp":1777493250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163725826000379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0163725826000379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-7258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-7258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical relevance of per-particle atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, Lp(a) and LDL for cardiovascular risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2026.109010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109010"}}