{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:16:16Z","timestamp":1787800576744,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["phiro.science","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T09:25:57Z","timestamp":1524561957000},"page":"5-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dosimetric end-to-end tests in a national audit of 3D conformal radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Joerg","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddison","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Keehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Supple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Manktelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5189-4046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Kron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Lye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.4498","article-title":"Critical impact of radiotherapy protocol compliance and quality in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer: results from TROG 02.02","volume":"28","author":"Peters","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012014","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/444\/1\/012014","article-title":"Dosimetry for audit and clinical trials: challenges and requirements","volume":"444","author":"Kron","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00311","article-title":"Quality Assurance for Clinical Trials","volume":"3","author":"Ibbott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/18691638","article-title":"Analysis of regional radiotherapy dosimetry audit data and recommendations for future audits","volume":"84","author":"Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.07.001","article-title":"Quality assurance of dosimetry and the impact on sample size in randomized clinical trials","volume":"86","author":"Pettersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2017.12.002","article-title":"Global availability of dosimetry audits in radiotherapy: The IAEA dosimetry audit networks database","volume":"5","author":"Izewska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Imag Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150251","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150251","article-title":"Radiotherapy dosimetry audit: three decades of improving standards and accuracy in UK clinical practice and trials","volume":"88","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2017.07.005","article-title":"Radiotherapy reference dose audit in the United Kingdom by the National Physical Laboratory: 20\u202fyears of consistency and improvements","volume":"3","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Imag Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.11.015","article-title":"A multi-institutional dosimetry audit of rotational intensity-modulated radiotherapy","volume":"113","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.05.027","article-title":"A methodology for dosimetry audit of rotational radiotherapy using a commercial detector array","volume":"108","author":"Hussein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(15)40152-5","article-title":"UK SABR Consortium lung dosimetry audit; Relative dosimetry results","volume":"115","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2737158","article-title":"Design, development, and implementation of the radiological physics center's pelvis and thorax anthropomorphic quality assurance phantoms","volume":"34","author":"Followill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460600500504","article-title":"Independent evaluations of IMRT through the use of an anthropomorphic phantom","volume":"5","author":"Ibbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Research Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0070","first-page":"25","article-title":"The Radiological Physics Center: 40 years of vigilance and quality assurance for NCI sponsored clinical trials","author":"Ibbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"SSDL Newslett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.08.334","article-title":"Institutional patient-specific IMRT QA does not predict unacceptable plan delivery","volume":"90","author":"Kry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4935","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v15i5.4935","article-title":"A six-year review of more than 13,000 patient-specific IMRT QA results from 13 different treatment sites","volume":"15","author":"Pulliam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.03.035","article-title":"Agreement between institutional measurements and treatment planning system calculations for basic dosimetric parameters as measured by the imaging and radiation oncology core-Houston","volume":"95","author":"Kerns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.08.013","article-title":"Radiation therapy deficiencies identified during on-site dosimetry visits by the imaging and radiation oncology core Houston quality assurance center","volume":"99","author":"Kry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i4.4313","article-title":"Development of a modified head and neck quality assurance phantom for use in stereotactic radiosurgery trials","volume":"14","author":"Faught","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061712","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4875698","article-title":"Angular dependence of the response of the nanoDot OSLD system for measurements at depth in clinical megavoltage beams","volume":"41","author":"Lehmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3596533","article-title":"Angular dependence of the nanoDot OSL dosimeter","volume":"38","author":"Kerns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0110","series-title":"Radiochromic film: role and applications in radiation dosimetry","author":"Das","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101712","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4896097","article-title":"A 2D ion chamber array audit of wedged and asymmetric fields in an inhomogeneous lung phantom","volume":"41","author":"Lye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.02.001","article-title":"An on-site dosimetry audit for high-energy electron beams","volume":"5","author":"de Prez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Imag Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa63df","article-title":"Virtual EPID standard phantom audit (VESPA) for remote IMRT and VMAT credentialing","volume":"62","author":"Miri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2017.11.004","article-title":"Remote dosimetric auditing for intensity modulated radiotherapy: A pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Miri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Imag Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-9485.2009.02047.x","article-title":"Comprehensive Australasian multicentre dosimetric intercomparison: issues, logistics and recommendations","volume":"53","author":"Ebert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.03.003","article-title":"Credentialing of radiotherapy centres for a clinical trial of adaptive radiotherapy for bladder cancer (TROG 10.01)","volume":"103","author":"Kron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2017.11.001","article-title":"A multi-centre dosimetry audit on advanced radiotherapy in lung as part of the Isotoxic IMRT study","volume":"4","author":"Tsang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Imag Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-012-0161-1","article-title":"The Australian Clinical Dosimetry Service: a commentary on the first 18 months","volume":"35","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.08.083","article-title":"Challenges in credentialing institutions and participants in advanced technology multi-institutional clinical trials","volume":"71","author":"Ibbott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0160","series-title":"Commissioning of radiotherapy treatment planning systems: Testing for typical external beam treatment techniques","author":"IAEA. TECDOC 1583","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2013.01.012","article-title":"Commissioning of optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters for use in radiotherapy","volume":"51\u201352","author":"Dunn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0170","series-title":"The Australian Clinical Dosimetry Service: the development and delivery of a national dosimetry audit. World congress on medical physics and biomedical engineering May 26\u201331, 2012","first-page":"1215","author":"Williams","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"032102","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4865786","article-title":"Remote auditing of radiotherapy facilities using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters","volume":"41","author":"Lye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.04.002","article-title":"National dosimetric audit network finds discrepancies in AAA lung inhomogeneity corrections","volume":"31","author":"Dunn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0185","first-page":"14","article-title":"Radiation therapists and Level III audits by the Australian Clinical Dosimetry Service","volume":"19","author":"Lehmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spectrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0190","series-title":"Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: An international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water","author":"IAEA. TRS 398","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2478\/v10019-010-0037-5","article-title":"Linear array measurements of enhanced dynamic wedge and treatment planning system (TPS) calculation for 15 MV photon beam and comparison with electronic portal imaging device (EPID) measurements","volume":"44","author":"Petrovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.08.039","article-title":"Algorithms used in heterogeneous dose calculations show systematic differences as measured with the Radiological Physics Center's anthropomorphic thorax phantom used for RTOG credentialing","volume":"85","author":"Kry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2017.04.003","article-title":"The role of dosimetry audit in lung SBRT multi-centre clinical trials","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v15i4.4853","article-title":"The photon dose calculation algorithm used in breast radiotherapy has significant impact on the parameters of radiobiological models","volume":"15","author":"Petillion","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.01.010","article-title":"Comparison of 3D conformal breast radiation treatment plans using the anisotropic analytical algorithm and pencil beam convolution algorithm","volume":"103","author":"Yoo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"}],"container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405631617300672?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405631617300672?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T08:17:18Z","timestamp":1569399438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405631617300672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S2405631617300672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6316","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dosimetric end-to-end tests in a national audit of 3D conformal radiotherapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2018.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society of Radiotherapy & Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}