{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:38:42Z","timestamp":1783708722643,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018708","name":"Euratom Research and Training Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["phiro.science","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T02:15:24Z","timestamp":1729390524000},"page":"100656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development of a novel 3D-printed dynamic anthropomorphic thorax phantom for evaluation of four-dimensional computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Didier","family":"Lustermans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roua","family":"Abdulrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki Trier","family":"Taasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Szkitsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evita","family":"\u0160v\u0117g\u017edait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarina","family":"Clarkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Reniers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Verhaegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Paiva Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12227","article-title":"Motion management strategies and technical issues associated with stereotactic body radiotherapy of thoracic and upper abdominal tumors: a review from NRG oncology","volume":"44","author":"Brandner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0010","article-title":"Results of a multicenter 4D computed tomography quality assurance audit: Evaluating image accuracy and consistency","volume":"28","author":"Burghelea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.09.001","article-title":"The long- and short-term variability of breathing induced tumor motion in lung and liver over the course of a radiotherapy treatment","volume":"126","author":"Dhont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.11.006","article-title":"The first patient treatment of computed tomography ventilation functional image-guided radiotherapy for lung cancer","volume":"118","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.09.010","article-title":"Respiration-correlated image guidance is the most important radiotherapy motion management strategy for most lung cancer patients","volume":"83","author":"Korreman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.006","article-title":"4D CT image artifacts affect local control in SBRT of lung and liver metastases","volume":"148","author":"Sentker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0835-7","article-title":"Reduction of breathing irregularity-related motion artifacts in low-pitch spiral 4D CT by optimized projection binning","volume":"12","author":"Werner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1937","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of artifacts in four-dimensional CT images of 50 abdominal and thoracic radiotherapy patients","volume":"72","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4820538","article-title":"4D CT lung ventilation images are affected by the 4D CT sorting method","volume":"40","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v16i2.4949","article-title":"Evaluation of 4D CT acquisition methods designed to reduce artifacts","volume":"16","author":"Castillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2010.04.019","article-title":"Deviations in delineated GTV caused by artefacts in 4DCT","volume":"96","author":"Persson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2349696","article-title":"The management of respiratory motion in radiation oncology report of AAPM Task Group 76a)","volume":"33","author":"Keall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2977539","article-title":"Prospective displacement and velocity-based cine 4D CT","volume":"35","author":"Langner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2021.09.005","article-title":"First clinical evaluation of breathing controlled four-dimensional computed tomography imaging","volume":"20","author":"Szkitsak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-023-02062-0","article-title":"Clinical application of breathing-adapted 4D CT: image quality comparison to conventional 4D CT","volume":"199","author":"Werner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.10.003","article-title":"Quality assurance of four-dimensional computed tomography in a multicentre trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy of centrally located lung tumours","volume":"8","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14106","article-title":"Intelligent 4D CT sequence scanning (i4DCT): first scanner prototype implementation and phantom measurements of automated breathing signal-guided 4D CT","volume":"47","author":"Werner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abc93a","article-title":"Comparison of intelligent 4D CT sequence scanning and conventional spiral 4D CT: a first comprehensive phantom study","volume":"66","author":"Werner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13632","article-title":"Intelligent 4D CT sequence scanning (i4DCT): concept and performance evaluation","volume":"46","author":"Werner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12213","article-title":"COMP report: CPQR technical quality control guidelines for CT simulators","volume":"19","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2836417","article-title":"A deformable phantom for 4D radiotherapy verification: design and image registration evaluation","volume":"35","author":"Serban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab259c","article-title":"Basic evaluation of a novel 4D target and human body phantom","volume":"64","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13982","article-title":"Development of a deformable lung phantom with 3D-printed flexible airways","volume":"47","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0120","article-title":"Dynamic anthropomorphic thorax phantom for quality assurance of motion management in radiotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2021.08.003","article-title":"Time-resolved QA and brachytherapy applicator commissioning: towards the clinical implementation","volume":"21","author":"Fonseca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2020.03.003","article-title":"A review of 3D printed patient specific immobilisation devices in radiotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Asfia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.07.011","article-title":"Clinical implementation of 3D printing in the construction of patient specific bolus for electron beam radiotherapy for non-melanoma skin cancer","volume":"121","author":"Canters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13773","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13773","article-title":"Novel multi jet fusion 3D-printed patient immobilization for radiation therapy","volume":"23","author":"Robar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2021.05.164","article-title":"Custom 3D-printed applicators for high dose-rate brachytherapy in skin cancer","volume":"20","author":"Membrive Conejo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2022.11.012","article-title":"Treatment verification in high dose rate brachytherapy using a realistic 3D printed head phantom and an imaging panel","volume":"22","author":"van Wagenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0155","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fabrication of 3D printed head phantom using plaster mixed with polylactic acid powder for patient-specific QA in intensity-modulated radiotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-023-01233-8","article-title":"An anthropomorphic 3D printed inhomogeneity thorax phantom slab for SBRT commissioning and quality assurance","volume":"46","author":"How","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15364","article-title":"A customizable anthropomorphic phantom for dosimetric verification of 3D-printed lung, tissue, and bone density materials","volume":"49","author":"Tino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2018.11.015","article-title":"Development of a 3D printed anthropomorphic lung phantom for image quality assessment in CT","volume":"57","author":"Hernandez-Giron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14937","article-title":"Evaluation of novel AI-based extended field-of-view CT reconstructions","volume":"48","author":"Fonseca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/acaf4a","article-title":"Dual-energy CT evaluation of 3D printed materials for radiotherapy applications","volume":"68","author":"Fonseca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.763960","article-title":"Classification of X-ray attenuation properties of additive manufacturing and 3D printing materials using computed tomography from 70 to 140 kVp","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7766","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15987","article-title":"Tissue equivalence of 3D printing materials with respect to attenuation and absorption of X-rays used for diagnostic and interventional imaging","volume":"49","author":"Kunert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2020.108906","article-title":"Commercial filament testing for use in 3D printed phantoms","volume":"174","author":"Savi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2630\/1\/012028","article-title":"Lung radiotherapy verification with a 3D printed thorax phantom and an ionisation chamber array","volume":"2630","author":"Kairn","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-019-00818-6","article-title":"PLA as a suitable 3D printing thermoplastic for use in external beam radiotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Van der Walt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab7508","article-title":"Anthropomorphic phantom for deformable lung and liver CT and MR imaging for radiotherapy","volume":"65","author":"Colvill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2955743","article-title":"Realistic CT simulation using the 4D XCAT phantom","volume":"35","author":"Segars","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/1\/83","article-title":"Experimental verification of ion stopping power prediction from dual energy CT data in tissue surrogates","volume":"59","author":"H\u00fcnemohr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02803-1","article-title":"Precise and real-time measurement of 3D tumor motion in lung due to breathing and heartbeat, measured during radiotherapy","volume":"53","author":"Seppenwoolde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15407","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of patient-specific lung phantoms for CT imaging: Emulating lung tissue with accurate attenuation profiles and textures","volume":"49","author":"Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14100","article-title":"Technical note: accurate replication of soft and bone tissues with 3D printing","volume":"47","author":"Okkalidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4600","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13154","article-title":"A novel 3D printing method for accurate anatomy replication in patient-specific phantoms","volume":"45","author":"Okkalidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0245","unstructured":"Medical devices | European Medicines Agency (EMA) n.d. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/human-regulatory-overview\/medical-devices (accessed August 30, 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0250","article-title":"Optimized raw data selection for artifact reduction of breathing controlled four-dimensional sequence scanning","volume":"30","author":"Szkitsak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12847","article-title":"Dose deviations induced by respiratory motion for radiotherapy of lung tumors: Impact of CT reconstruction, plan complexity, and fraction size","volume":"21","author":"Sande","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abc937","article-title":"Porcine lung phantom-based validation of estimated 4D-MRI using orthogonal cine imaging for low-field MR-Linacs","volume":"66","author":"Rabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2261011275","article-title":"Artificial thorax for MR imaging studies in porcine heart-lung preparations","volume":"226","author":"Biederer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/62\/6\/2486","article-title":"An anthropomorphic breathing phantom of the thorax for testing new motion mitigation techniques for pencil beam scanning proton therapy","volume":"62","author":"Perrin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240563162400126X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240563162400126X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T07:54:22Z","timestamp":1734508462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S240563162400126X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S240563162400126X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6316","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development of a novel 3D-printed dynamic anthropomorphic thorax phantom for evaluation of four-dimensional computed tomography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100656","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society of Radiotherapy & Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100656"}}