{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T02:44:21Z","timestamp":1782182661053,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C147\/A25254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C147\/A25254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C147\/A18083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C147\/A18083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017008","name":"Manchester Cancer Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTRQQR-2021\\\\ 100010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTRQQR-2021\\\\ 100010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000271","name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/V001612\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/V001612\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","phiro.science","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T22:45:46Z","timestamp":1739659546000},"page":"100732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative treatment planning of very high-energy electrons and photon volumetric modulated arc therapy: Optimising energy and beam parameters"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Fabio S.","family":"D\u2019Andrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Chuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam H.","family":"Aitkenhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranald I.","family":"MacKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/45\/7\/306","article-title":"150-250MeV electron beams in radiation therapy","volume":"45","author":"DesRosiers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460200100202","article-title":"Very high energy electrons (50\u2013250MeV) and radiation therapy","volume":"1","author":"Papiez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597786","article-title":"Electron dose profile shaping by modulation of a scanning elementary beam","volume":"23","author":"Lief","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1063577","article-title":"Delivery of intensity-modulated electron therapy by mechanical scanning: an algorithm study","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4918923","article-title":"Treatment planning for radiotherapy with very high-energy electron beams and comparison of VHEE and VMAT plans","volume":"42","author":"Bazalova-Carter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.01.017","article-title":"Assessment of the quality of very high-energy electron radiotherapy planning","volume":"119","author":"Palma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12233","article-title":"Very high-energy electron (VHEE) beams in radiation therapy: Treatment plan comparison between VHEE, VMAT, and PPBS","volume":"44","author":"Schuler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.777852","article-title":"Deep seated tumour treatments with electrons of high energy delivered at FLASH rates: The example of prostate cancer","volume":"11","author":"Sarti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5745","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16586","article-title":"3D-conformal very-high energy electron therapy as candidate modality for FLASH-RT: A treatment planning study for glioblastoma and lung cancer","volume":"50","author":"B\u00f6hlen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/8\/305","article-title":"Optimization of intensity-modulated very high energy (50\u2013250MeV) electron therapy","volume":"47","author":"Yeboah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008973","article-title":"Ultrahigh dose-rate FLASH irradiation increases the differential response between normal and tumor tissue in mice","volume":"6","author":"Favaudon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3375","article-title":"The advantage of FLASH radiotherapy confirmed in mini-pig and cat-cancer patients","volume":"25","author":"Vozenin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.06.019","article-title":"Treatment of a first patient with FLASH-radiotherapy","volume":"139","author":"Bourhis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00697-z","article-title":"Towards clinical translation of FLASH radiotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Vozenin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15442","article-title":"Ultra-high dose rate electron beams and the FLASH effect: from preclinical evidence to a new radiotherapy paradigm","volume":"49","author":"Schuler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4942","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194942","article-title":"Back to the future: very high-energy electrons (VHEEs) and their potential application in radiation therapy","volume":"13","author":"Ronga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.09.011","article-title":"FLASH radiotherapy: Considerations for multibeam and hypofractionation dose delivery","volume":"164","author":"MacKay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12251","article-title":"Development of the open-source dose calculation and optimization toolkit matRad","volume":"44","author":"Wieser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6818","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4758060","article-title":"TOPAS: An innovative proton Monte Carlo platform for research and clinical applications","volume":"39","author":"Perl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2016.06.125","article-title":"Recent developments in Geant4","volume":"835","author":"Allison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0105","article-title":"Design and optimization of Compact Linear Collider main linac accelerating structure","volume":"19","author":"Zha","year":"2016","journal-title":"PhysRevAccelBeams"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60997-5","article-title":"CERN-based experiments and Monte Carlo studies on focused dose delivery with very high energy electron (VHEE) beams for radiotherapy applications","volume":"14","author":"Whitmore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/8\/005","article-title":"A pencil beam algorithm for proton dose calculations","volume":"41","author":"Hong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/8\/006","article-title":"An analytical approximation of depth-dose distributions for therapeutic proton beams","volume":"41","author":"Bortfeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/45\/10\/313","article-title":"The energy-dependent electron loss model for pencil beam dose kernels","volume":"45","author":"Chvetsov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R455","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/13\/R25","article-title":"Review of electron beam therapy physics","volume":"51","author":"Hogstrom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1118\/1.595715","article-title":"Fast calculation of the exact radiological path for a three-dimensional CT array","volume":"12","author":"Siddon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14891","article-title":"Characteristics of very high-energy electron beams for the irradiation of deep-seated targets","volume":"48","author":"B\u00f6hlen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca1f2","article-title":"GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon interactions for radiotherapy applications","volume":"68","author":"Franciosini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abaa28","article-title":"Physics and biology of ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: a topical review","volume":"65","author":"Esplen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2020.09.008","article-title":"Influence of heterogeneous media on Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) dose penetration and a Monte Carlo-based comparison with existing radiotherapy modalities","volume":"482","author":"Lagzda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46630-w","article-title":"Focused very high-energy electron beams as a novel radiotherapy modality for producing high-dose volumetric elements","volume":"9","author":"Kokurewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.05.005","article-title":"PHASER: a platform for clinical translation of FLASH cancer radiotherapy","volume":"139","author":"Maxim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732_b0170","unstructured":"THERYQ. FLASHDEEP \u2014 A world first in cancer radiotherapy. 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.theryq-alcen.com\/flash-radiation-therapy-products\/flashdeep-a-world-first-in-cancer-radiotherapy\/ (accessed 22 Aug 2024)."}],"container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405631625000375?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405631625000375?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T21:48:06Z","timestamp":1778881686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405631625000375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S2405631625000375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6316","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative treatment planning of very high-energy electrons and photon volumetric modulated arc therapy: Optimising energy and beam parameters","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2025.100732","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society of Radiotherapy & Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100732"}}