{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:07:51Z","timestamp":1792516071073,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","phiro.science","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:30:19Z","timestamp":1776468619000},"page":"100967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparison of gantry-less magnetic resonance guided proton therapy with photon therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Franciska","family":"Lebbink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Alvarez Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kornek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Lattermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Valentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Trnkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther G.C.","family":"Troost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun Hyun Bae, Seok Joo Chun, Joo Hyun Chung, Eunji Kim, Jin Kyu Kang, and Won Il Jang et al. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Meta-analysis and international stereotactic radiosurgery society practice guidelines. IJROBP, 2024;18:337-351. doi: 10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.08.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.08.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2023.10.006","article-title":"The use of mr-guided radiation therapy for liver cancer","volume":"34","author":"Prime","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2023.109912","article-title":"A prospective registry study of stereotactic magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (mrgrt) for primary liver tumors","volume":"189","author":"Bordeau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338231206335","article-title":"Proton beam therapy and photon-based magnetic resonance image- guided radiation therapy: the next frontiers of radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Zaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nina N. Sanford, Jennifer Pursley, Bridget Noe, Beow Y. Yeap, Lipika Goyal, and Jeffrey W. Clark et al. Protons versus photons for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Liver decompensation and overall survival. IJROBP, 2019;105:64-72. doi: 10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.01. 076.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.01.076"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francesco Dionisi, Alberto Brolese, Benedetta Siniscalchi, Irene Giacomelli, Francesco Frac- chiolla, and Roberto Righetto et al. Clinical results of active scanning proton therapy for primary liver tumors. Tumori, 2021;107:71-79. doi: 10.1177\/0300891620937809.","DOI":"10.1177\/0300891620937809"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yusuke Uchinami, Norio Katoh, Daisuke Abo, Ryo Morita, Hiroshi Taguchi, and Yoshihiro Fu- jita et al. Study of hepatic toxicity in small liver tumors after photon or proton therapy based on factors predicting the benefits of proton. Br J Radiol, 2023;96(1144):20220720. doi: 10.1259\/bjr.20220720.","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220720"},{"issue":"1107","key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190594","article-title":"Online daily adaptive proton therapy","volume":"93","author":"Albertini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R113","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/16\/R01","article-title":"Motion in radiotherapy: particle therapy","volume":"56","author":"Bert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad7cbd","article-title":"First clinical implementation of a highly efficient daily online adapted proton therapy (DAPT) workflow","volume":"69","author":"Albertini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.02.031","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) guided proton therapy: a review of the clinical challenges, potential benefits and pathway to implementation","volume":"170","author":"Pham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01571-x","article-title":"Mr-guided proton therapy: a review and a preview","volume":"15","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00631-3","article-title":"Integrated mri-guided radiotherapy \u2014 opportunities and challenges","volume":"19","author":"Keall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15184592","article-title":"Comparing predicted toxicities between hypofractionated proton and photon radiotherapy of liver cancer patients with different adaptive schemes","volume":"15","author":"Nenoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac1ef2","article-title":"Toward MR-integrated proton therapy: modeling the potential benefits for liver tumors","volume":"66","author":"Moteabbed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16319","article-title":"Comparison of mr-guided radiotherapy accumulated doses for central lung tumors with non-adaptive and online adaptive proton therapy","volume":"50","author":"Rabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaece8","article-title":"Integrating a low-field open mr scanner with a static proton research beam line: proof of concept","volume":"63","author":"Schellhammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semradonc.2003.10.003","article-title":"Errors and margins in radiotherapy","volume":"14","author":"van Herk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0095","first-page":"54","article-title":"Adaptive radiotherapy: the elekta unity mr-linac concept","volume":"18","author":"Winkel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christian R\u00f8nn Hansen, Wouter Crijns, Mohammad Hussein, Linda Rossi, Pedro Gallego, and Wilko Verbakel et al. Radiotherapy treatment planning study guidelines (rating): A framework for setting up and reporting on scientific treatment planning studies. Radiother Oncol, 2020;153:67-78. doi: 10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.09.033.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.09.033"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0105","unstructured":"ICRU93. Icru report 93: Prescribing, recording, and reporting light ion beam therapy. J ICRU, 2020;16. doi: 10.1093\/jicru_ndy025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2023.10.009","article-title":"Treatment planning of scanned proton beams in RayStation","volume":"49","author":"Janson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Dosim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/adcfed","article-title":"Beam modeling and validation for a 1.5 t mr-linac in an alternative treatment planning system","volume":"70","author":"Kierkels","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1594973","article-title":"The research beamlines at the Dresden proton therapy facility: available infrastructure and experimental capabilities","volume":"15","author":"Horst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgen B.B. Petersen, Yasmin Lassen, Anders T. Hansen, Ludvig P. Muren, Cai Grau, and Morten H\u00f8yer. Normal liver tissue sparing by intensity-modulated proton stereotactic body radiotherapy for solitary liver tumours. Acta Oncol, 2011;50:823\u2013828. doi: 10.3109\/0284186X.2011.590526.","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2011.590526"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1151-6","article-title":"Estimation of the risk for radiation-induced liver disease following photon- or proton-beam radio-surgery of liver metastases","volume":"13","author":"Mondlane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.08.005","article-title":"Practical robustness evaluation in radiotherapy \u2013 a photon and proton-proof alternative to PTV-based plan evaluation","volume":"141","author":"Korevaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac176f","article-title":"Intra-fractional per-beam adaptive workflow to mitigate the need for a rotating gantry during mri-guided proton therapy","volume":"66","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lennart Volz, James Korte, Maria Chiara Martire, Ye Zhang, Nicholas Hardcastle, and Marco Durante et al. Opportunities and challenges of upright patient positioning in radio- therapy. Phys Med Biol, 2024;69. doi: 10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad70ee.","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad70ee"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.09.033","article-title":"Reassessment of the necessity of the proton gantry: Analysis of beam orientations from 4332 treatments at the massachusetts general hospital proton center over the past 10 years","volume":"95","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lukas Nierer, Chukwuka Eze, Vanessa da Silva Mendes, Juliane Braun, Patrick Thum, and Rieke von Bestenbostel et al. Dosimetric benefit of MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy in different tumor entities: liver, lung, abdominal lymph nodes, pancreas and prostate. Radiat Oncol, 2022;17:1-14. doi: 10.1186\/s13014-022-02021-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-022-02021-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01813-6","article-title":"Benefit of replanning in MR-guided online adaptive radiation therapy in the treatment of liver metastasis","volume":"16","author":"Mayinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petra Trnkova, Ye Zhang, Toshiyuki Toshito, Ben Heijmen, Christian Richter, and Marianne C. Aznar et al. A survey of practice patterns for adaptive particle therapy for interfractional changes. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol, page 100442, 2023;26:100442. doi: 10.1016\/j.phro.2023. 100442.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2023.100442"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeremy de Leon, Tania Twentyman, Madeline Carr, Michael Jameson, and Vikneswary Ba- tumalai. Optimising the MR-Linac as a standard treatment modality. J Med Radiat Sci, 2023;70:491\u2013497. doi: 10.1002\/jmrs.712.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.712"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01641-0","article-title":"Treatment plan quality during online adaptive re-planning","volume":"15","author":"Van Timmeren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.046","article-title":"Deformable image registration uncertainty for inter-fractional dose accumulation of lung cancer proton therapy","volume":"147","author":"Nenoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071788","article-title":"The influence of motion on the delivery accuracy when comparing actively scanned carbon ions versus protons at a synchrotron-based radiotherapy facility","volume":"14","author":"Lebbink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye Zhang, Petra Trnkova, Toshiyuki Toshito, Ben Heijmen, Christian Richter, and Mar- ianne Aznar et al. A survey of practice patterns for real-time intrafractional motion- management in particle therapy. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol, 2023;26:100439. doi: 10.1016\/ j.phro.2023.100439.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2023.100439"},{"issue":"206","key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0195","first-page":"S3478","article-title":"validated energy layer-wise beam deflection compensation method for scanned proton beams in the static magnetic field of an in-beam mr scanner","volume":"2025","author":"Padre","year":"1880","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marisa Cobanaj, Erik Traneus, Krishna Godino Padre, Felix Horst, Aswin Hoffmann, and Franciska Lebbink. O081 \/ 155 - spot-wise compensation of proton beam deflection in the magnetic field of an in-beam mr scanner using raystation treatment planning system. Int J Part Ther, 2025;17:100837. doi: 10.1016\/j.ijpt.2025.100837. PTCOG 63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpt.2025.100837"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab0095","article-title":"Feasibility of mri-only photon and proton dose calculations for pediatric patients with abdominal tumors","volume":"64","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405631626000679?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405631626000679?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T19:29:21Z","timestamp":1782588561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405631626000679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S2405631626000679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6316","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of gantry-less magnetic resonance guided proton therapy with photon therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2026.100967","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society of Radiotherapy & Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100967"}}