{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:13:50Z","timestamp":1788495230563,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007210","name":"Varian Medical Systems Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","phiro.science","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:10:53Z","timestamp":1786947053000},"page":"101065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Breathing-phase selection for gated proton therapy in lung cancer towards temporally targeted ultra-high dose rate delivery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Simone N.","family":"Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista C.J.","family":"van Doorn-Wink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen F.","family":"Crama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coen R.N.","family":"Rasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.M.","family":"Habraken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0005","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.10.012","article-title":"Lung cancer in the Netherlands","volume":"16","author":"Hendriks","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers7030829","article-title":"Tumour movement in proton therapy: solutions and remaining questions: a review","volume":"7","author":"De Ruysscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2024.104890","article-title":"Proton therapy of lung cancer patients\u2013treatment strategies and clinical experience from a medical physicist\u2019s perspective","volume":"130","author":"Taasti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.05.007","article-title":"Selection of patients for radiotherapy with protons aiming at reduction of side effects: the model-based approach","volume":"107","author":"Langendijk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245ra93","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008973","article-title":"Ultrahigh dose-rate FLASH irradiation increases the differential response between normal and tumor tissue in mice","volume":"6","author":"Favaudon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cancerbio-061421-022217","article-title":"Reinventing radiobiology in the light of FLASH radiotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Limoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cancer Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1440","article-title":"FLASH irradiation spares lung progenitor cells and limits the incidence of radio-induced senescence","volume":"26","author":"Fouillade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1033","article-title":"Characterization of radiation-induced lung fibrosis and mode of cell death using single and multi-pulsed proton flash irradiation","volume":"105","author":"Abel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052546","article-title":"FLASH radiotherapy: expectations, challenges, and current knowledge","volume":"25","author":"Borghini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00697-z","article-title":"Towards clinical translation of FLASH radiotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Vozenin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.04.031","article-title":"Mid-ventilation CT scan construction from four-dimensional respiration-correlated CT scans for radiotherapy planning of lung cancer patients","volume":"65","author":"Wolthaus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2012.11.003","article-title":"Physics controversies in proton therapy","volume":"23","author":"Engelsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13183","article-title":"Investigating volumetric repainting to mitigate interplay effect on 4D robustly optimized lung cancer plans in pencil beam scanning proton therapy","volume":"22","author":"Rana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac383f","article-title":"How should we model and evaluate breathing interplay effects in IMPT?","volume":"66","author":"Pastor-Serrano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02803-1","article-title":"Precise and real-time measurement of 3D tumor motion in lung due to breathing and heartbeat, measured during radiotherapy","volume":"53","author":"Seppenwoolde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0085","series-title":"Deformable registration in RayStation","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2017.11.005","article-title":"Robust proton treatment planning: physical and biological optimization","volume":"28","author":"Unkelbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.08.005","article-title":"Practical robustness evaluation in radiotherapy\u2013a photon and proton-proof alternative to PTV-based plan evaluation","volume":"141","author":"Korevaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0100","series-title":"Landelijk indicatie protocol protonentherapie longcarcinoom","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.11.042","article-title":"Comparison of different strategies to use four-dimensional computed tomography in treatment planning for lung cancer patients","volume":"70","author":"Wolthaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2021.06.001","article-title":"A proof of concept treatment planning study of gated proton radiotherapy for cardiac soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00196-5","article-title":"Radiation pneumonitis as a function of mean lung dose: an analysis of pooled data of 540 patients","volume":"42","author":"Kwa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.06.091","article-title":"Radiation dose\u2013volume effects in the lung","volume":"76","author":"Marks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00183-2","article-title":"Clinical dose\u2013volume histogram analysis for pneumonitis after 3D treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)","volume":"45","author":"Graham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.07.031","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy","volume":"112","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.71.6142","article-title":"Cardiac events after radiation therapy: combined analysis of prospective multicenter trials for locally advanced non\u2013small-cell lung cancer","volume":"35","author":"Dess","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2005.03.021","article-title":"Acute esophageal toxicity in non-small cell lung cancer patients after high dose conformal radiotherapy","volume":"75","author":"Belderbos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.01.071","article-title":"Predictors of high-grade esophagitis after definitive three-dimensional conformal therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, or proton beam therapy for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"84","author":"Gomez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/4\/853","article-title":"Simulation of dosimetric consequences of 4D-CT-based motion margin estimation for proton radiotherapy using patient tumor motion data","volume":"59","author":"Koybasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.08.005","article-title":"Advanced pencil beam scanning Bragg peak FLASH-RT delivery technique can enhance lung cancer planning treatment outcomes compared to conventional multiple-energy proton PBS techniques","volume":"175","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17876","article-title":"Implementation of a novel pencil beam scanning Bragg peak FLASH technique to a commercial treatment planning system","volume":"52","author":"Bookbinder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.01.009","article-title":"A universal range shifter and range compensator can enable proton pencil beam scanning single-energy Bragg peak FLASH-RT treatment using current commercially available proton systems","volume":"113","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2025.05.076","article-title":"Advancing proton FLASH radiation therapy: innovations, techniques, and clinical potentials","volume":"123","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2025.03.047","article-title":"Requirements and study design for the next proton FLASH clinical trials: an international multidisciplinary Delphi consensus","volume":"123","author":"Klaver","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1550264","article-title":"Impact assessment of current knowledge gaps and mitigation strategies in clinical FLASH proton therapy through a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"zur Horst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-025-06532-5","article-title":"Bridging research and clinical practice in ultra-high dose rate proton therapy","volume":"140","author":"Schwarz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Phys J Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.05.026","article-title":"Intra-and interfraction breathing variations during curative radiotherapy for lung cancer","volume":"84","author":"N\u00f8ttrup","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2009.11.003","article-title":"Adaptive radiotherapy for lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Sonke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0200","article-title":"Respiratory gating for radiotherapy: main technical aspects and clinical benefits","volume":"2013","author":"Giraud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Sch Res Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.12.041","article-title":"Clinical accuracy of the respiratory tumor tracking system of the cyberknife: assessment by analysis of log files","volume":"74","author":"Hoogeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2005.07.009","article-title":"Breathing adapted radiotherapy for breast cancer: comparison of free breathing gating with the breath-hold technique","volume":"76","author":"Korreman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.10.016","article-title":"Improved heart, lung and target dose with deep inspiration breath hold in a large clinical series of breast cancer patients","volume":"106","author":"Nissen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-32-88","article-title":"Dosimetric and clinical advantages of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) during radiotherapy of breast cancer","volume":"32","author":"Bruzzaniti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3109\/07357907.2012.657818","article-title":"Contribution of respiratory gating techniques for optimization of breast cancer radiotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Giraud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145010","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aacdda","article-title":"Geometric and dosimetric comparison of four intrafraction motion adaptation strategies for stereotactic liver radiotherapy","volume":"63","author":"Nankali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182307ec2","article-title":"Respiratory gating techniques for optimization of lung cancer radiotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Giraud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2020.1856408","article-title":"Visually guided inspiration breath-hold facilitated with nasal high flow therapy in locally advanced lung cancer","volume":"60","author":"Peeters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.03.041","article-title":"Combining rescanning and gating for a time-efficient treatment of mobile tumors using pencil beam scanning proton therapy","volume":"160","author":"Gut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.01.003","article-title":"A systematic review of the influence of radiation-induced lymphopenia on survival outcomes in solid tumors","volume":"123","author":"Venkatesulu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1797","article-title":"High dose rate and fractionation to reduce radiation-induced lymphopenia: in vivo derivation of lymphocyte radiosensitivity using patient-specific blood flow simulations","volume":"114","author":"McCullum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad144e","article-title":"FLASH radiotherapy sparing effect on the circulating lymphocytes in pencil beam scanning proton therapy: impact of hypofractionation and dose rate","volume":"69","author":"Galts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00130-8","article-title":"Improvement of CT-based treatment-planning models of abdominal targets using static exhale imaging","volume":"41","author":"Balter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"}],"container-title":["Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240563162600165X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240563162600165X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:30:43Z","timestamp":1788492643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S240563162600165X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S240563162600165X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6316"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6316","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Breathing-phase selection for gated proton therapy in lung cancer towards temporally targeted ultra-high dose rate delivery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2026.101065","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society of Radiotherapy & Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101065"}}