{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:19:01Z","timestamp":1789388341059,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kcdc-phrp.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T09:14:29Z","timestamp":1472289269000},"page":"307-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone-Resistance (qnr) Genes in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli Collected from Several Hospitals of Qazvin and Zanjan Provinces, Iran"],"prefix":"10.24171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rezazadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Baghchesaraei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Peymani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"31909","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00019-07","article-title":"Complicated catheter-associated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis","volume":"21","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1086\/423846","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in adult patients","volume":"39","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867033368637","article-title":"Biological activity and synthetic metodologies for the preparation of fluoroquinolones, a class of potent antibacterial agents","volume":"10","author":"Da Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001104","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001104","article-title":"Mortality and hospital stay associated with resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteremia: estimating the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe","volume":"8","author":"de Kraker","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1086\/314056","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and resistance of older and newer fluoroquinolones","volume":"31","author":"Hooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3222-3232.2003","article-title":"Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections","volume":"47","author":"Komp Lindgren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00043-12","article-title":"Adaptive and mutational resistance: role of porins and efflux pumps in drug resistance","volume":"25","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00016-09","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: a multifaceted threat","volume":"22","author":"Strahilevitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01051-08","article-title":"Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants over a 9-year period","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn237","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among enterobacterial isolates from outpatients in Brazil","volume":"62","author":"Minarini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.1.71-76.2005","article-title":"Emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli in Europe","volume":"49","author":"Mammeri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01615-12","article-title":"Differential distribution of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in clinical enterobacteria with unusual phenotypes of quinolone susceptibility from Argentina","volume":"57","author":"Andres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","article-title":"Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance","volume":"74","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.68531","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Gram negative bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Rawat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib15","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 23th informational supplement (M100-S23)","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.13","article-title":"qnrA prevalence in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-positive Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Turkey","volume":"61","author":"Oktem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm448","article-title":"Prevalence of qnr genes among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacterial isolates in Barcelona, Spain","volume":"61","author":"Lavilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01193-06","article-title":"Impact of antimicrobial usage on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli strains colonizing broiler chickens","volume":"73","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3746","article-title":"Detection of plasmid-mediated qnr genes among the quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in Iran","volume":"8","author":"Firoozeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976273","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/976273","article-title":"Global fluoroquinolone resistance epidemiology and implictions for clinical use","volume":"2012","author":"Dalhoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib21","first-page":"CR579","article-title":"Susceptibility pattern of E. coli-associated urinary tract infection (UTI): a comparison of spinal cord injury-related and nosocomial UTI.","volume":"15","author":"Khorvash","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822011000200008","article-title":"Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integrons in Escherichia coli from Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"42","author":"Muhammad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib23","first-page":"690","article-title":"Distribution and resistance trends of pathogens from urinary tract infections and impact on management","volume":"9","author":"Shao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib24","first-page":"458","article-title":"qnr prevalence in extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and none-ESBLs producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in central of Iran","volume":"14","author":"Pakzad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702007000100011","article-title":"Evaluation of the susceptibility profiles, genetic similarity and presence of qnr gene in Escherichia coli resistant to ciprofloxacin isolated in Brazilian hospitals","volume":"11","author":"Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V38N12p1070","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a large Singapore hospital","volume":"38","author":"Deepak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl554","article-title":"First detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnrA and qnrS) in Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans in Scandinavia","volume":"59","author":"Cavaco","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00597-06","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic analysis of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QnrA and QnrS in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a French university hospital","volume":"50","author":"Poirel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1086\/421094","article-title":"Population-based laboratory surveillance for Escherichia coli-producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: importance of community isolates with blaCTX-M genes","volume":"38","author":"Pitout","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.103766","article-title":"Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnr, aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr, and qep in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates from Egypt","volume":"30","author":"Hassan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003_bib31","first-page":"E61","article-title":"Emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistant determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Tehran and Qazvin provinces, Iran","volume":"56","author":"Peymani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210909916300984?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210909916300984?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T21:38:21Z","timestamp":1692481101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2210909916300984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2210909916300984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-9099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-9099","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone-Resistance (qnr) Genes in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli Collected from Several Hospitals of Qazvin and Zanjan Provinces, Iran","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrp.2016.08.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}