{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T11:21:39Z","timestamp":1781954499961,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,20]],"date-time":"2012-06-20T22:31:31Z","timestamp":1340231491000},"page":"207-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cocoa intake attenuates oxidative stress associated with rat adjuvant arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ramos-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.J.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ramiro-Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Franch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Castell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2011.01.018","article-title":"Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of flavonoids","volume":"82","author":"Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2009.08.008","article-title":"Theobroma cacao L., the food of the gods: a scientific approach beyond myths and claims","volume":"61","author":"Rusconi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.03.008","article-title":"Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical","volume":"585","author":"Boots","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ramiro I, Ramos S, Bravo L, Goya L, Mart\u00edn MA. Procyanidin B2 induces Nrf2 translocation and glutathione S-transferase P1 expression via ERKs and p38-MAPK pathways and protect human colonic cells against oxidative stress. European Journal of Nutrition, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-011-0269-1, in press.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-011-0269-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8506","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0511042","article-title":"Flavonoids from Theobroma cacao down-regulate inflammatory mediators","volume":"53","author":"Ramiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0030","series-title":"Flavonoids: biosynthesis, biological effects and dietary sources","first-page":"213","article-title":"Effect of a diet rich in cocoa flavonoids on experimental acute inflammation","author":"Castell","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451100328X","article-title":"Effect of a cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet on experimental autoimmune arthritis","volume":"107","author":"Ramos-Romero","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6431","DOI":"10.1021\/jf070487w","article-title":"Cocoa-enriched diet enhances antioxidant enzyme activity and modulates lymphocyte composition in thymus from young rats","volume":"55","author":"Ramiro-Puig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/ar86","article-title":"Macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Kinne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2607","article-title":"Aberrant reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): causes and consequences for immune function, cell survival, and therapeutic intervention","volume":"12","author":"Phillips","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxidants and Redox Signalling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2007.02.002","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutases: role in joint diseases","volume":"74","author":"Afonso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Joint, Bone, Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.01.029","article-title":"Lipid, protein, DNA oxidation and antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Seven","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2009.01375.x","article-title":"Status of oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Vasanthi","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Rheumatic Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900300431","article-title":"Aggrecan degradation in chondrocytes is mediated by reactive oxygen species and protected by antioxidants","volume":"30","author":"Tiku","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2010.63.66","article-title":"Effects of antioxidant supplementations on oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"10","author":"Nourmohammadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R19","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2372","article-title":"Rutoside decreases human macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators and improves clinical signs in adjuvant-induced arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Kauss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.2.0011","article-title":"Suppression of adjuvant arthritis by hesperidin in rats and its mechanisms","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.08.001","article-title":"Therapeutic and preventive properties of quercetin in experimental arthritis correlate with decreased macrophage inflammatory mediators","volume":"72","author":"Mamani-Matsuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0095","first-page":"489","article-title":"Anticytoskeletal autoantibody development in adjuvant arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Franch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01592.x","article-title":"Prevention of adjuvant arthritis by the W3\/25 anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody is associated with a decrease of blood CD4+ CD45RChigh T cells","volume":"125","author":"Pelegr\u00ed","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1206-y","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine use in rheumatoid arthritis: proposed mechanism of action and efficacy of commonly used modalities","volume":"30","author":"Efthimiou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.026","article-title":"Antiinflammatory effects of chiisanoside and chiisanogenin obtained from the leaves of Acanthopanax chiisanensis in the carrageenan- and Freund's complete adjuvant-induced rats","volume":"97","author":"Jung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.04.028","article-title":"N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide inhibits inflammation-related cytokines and ROS in adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rats","volume":"10","author":"Jawed","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2007.07.008","article-title":"Protective effects of l-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid in rats with adjuvant arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Tastekin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.07.002","article-title":"Quercetin protects the rat kidney against oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis induced by lead","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2621.2001.00428.x","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of natural flavonoids: quenching and generation of singlet molecular oxygen","volume":"36","author":"Avila","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.07.002","article-title":"Procyanidins protect Caco-2 cells from bile acid- and oxidant-induced damage","volume":"41","author":"Erlejman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1039\/c0fo00132e","article-title":"Insights into the metabolism and microbial biotransformation of dietary flavan-3-ols and the bioactivity of their metabolites","volume":"1","author":"Monagas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.01.028","article-title":"Are polyphenols antioxidants or pro-oxidants? What do we learn from cell culture and in vivo studies?","volume":"476","author":"Halliwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.01.010","article-title":"Modulation of inflammatory markers by the ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera in adjuvant arthritis","volume":"134","author":"Kripa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.6.3345","article-title":"In vivo architecture of the manganese superoxide dismutase promoter","volume":"274","author":"Kuo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1089\/104454999314999","article-title":"An intronic NF-\u03baB element is essential for induction of the human manganese superoxide dismutase gene by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"DNA and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0973-3698(10)60073-8","article-title":"Free radical and antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"3","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(88)80006-7","article-title":"Follow-up study of lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the synovial membrane, serum and liver of young and old mice with collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Kasama","year":"1988","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9782","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9782","article-title":"Neurodegeneration, myocardial injury, and perinatal death in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-deficient mice","volume":"93","author":"Lebovitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1447","article-title":"Oxidation in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Hitchon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Research and Therapy"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104366181200117X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104366181200117X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1542887578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S104366181200117X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S104366181200117X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.05.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}