{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T23:02:55Z","timestamp":1771801375124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T04:18:43Z","timestamp":1517372323000},"page":"20-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Carotid intima-media thickness and anti-hypertensive treatment: Focus on angiotensin II receptor blockers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Cesare","family":"Cuspidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marijana","family":"Tadic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc","article-title":"2013 ESH\/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"31","author":"Mancia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283593029","article-title":"Prognostic value of the extent of left ventricular hypertrophy and its evolution in the hypertensive patient","volume":"30","author":"Gosse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.04.019","article-title":"LV mass as a predictor of CVD events in older adults with and without metabolic syndrome and diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Hoang","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.47","article-title":"Malnutrition, renal dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy synergistically increase the long-term incidence of cardiovascular events","volume":"39","author":"Maruyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0025","first-page":"841","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness, plaques, and Framingham risk score as independent determinants of stroke risk","volume":"30","author":"Toubol","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000846","article-title":"Microalbuminuria predicts the recurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Meccariello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.80","article-title":"Risk reduction after regression of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Pierdomenico","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2014.07.003","article-title":"Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy or strain is associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients independent of blood pressure reduction \u2013 a LIFE review","volume":"47","author":"Bang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Electrocardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.136655","article-title":"Regression of left ventricular mass by antihypertensive treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized comparative studies","volume":"54","author":"Fagard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.01.065","article-title":"Reduction of albumin urinary excretion is associated with reduced cardiovascular events in hypertensive and\/or diabetic patients. A meta-regression analysis of 32 randomized trials","volume":"172","author":"Savarese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000991","article-title":"Changes in albuminuria and cardiovascular risk under antihypertensive treatment: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"34","author":"Viazzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540100029024","article-title":"Final outcome results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS)","volume":"276","author":"Borhani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000039288.86470.DD","article-title":"Calcium antagonist lacidipine slows down progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Principal results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA), a randomized, double-blind, long-term trial","volume":"106","author":"Zanchetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.173609","article-title":"Correlation between carotid intimal\/medial thickness and atherosclerosis: a point of view from pathology","volume":"30","author":"Finn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.027","article-title":"The relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque in the Northern Manhattan Study","volume":"241","author":"Rundek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200202000-00001","article-title":"Intima-media thickness: a new tool for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular risk","volume":"20","author":"Simon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282f063d5","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA) and its relation with intima-media thickness","volume":"25","author":"Zanchetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0084","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and its traits as risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"94","author":"Holewijn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfx025","article-title":"Association between normal or mildly reduced kidney function, cardiovascular risk and biomarkers for atherosclerosis: results from the ENCORE trial","volume":"10","author":"Tyson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.06.045","article-title":"Differential effect of obesity on prevalence of cardiac and carotid target organ damage in hypertension (the Campania Salute Network)","volume":"244","author":"Mancusi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200101000-00011","volume":"19","author":"Zanchetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"January (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0110","article-title":"The associations of body composition and anthropometric measures with carotid intima-media thickness in obese and non-obese schoolchildren: a possible predictor for cardiovascular diseases","author":"Al-Shorman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vascular"},{"issue":"November (23)","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0115","article-title":"Impact of lipid measurements in youth in addition to conventional clinic-based risk factors on predicting preclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood: the International Childhood Cardiovascular","author":"Koskinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816070-00008","article-title":"Risk factors associated with alterations in carotid intima-media thickness in hypertension: baseline data from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Zanchetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001759","article-title":"Left ventricular and carotid structure in untreated, uncomplicated essential hypertension: results from the Assessment Prognostic Risk Observational Survey (APROS)","volume":"18","author":"Cuspidi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2014.93","article-title":"5-year change in systolic blood pressure is independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis progression: a population-based cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0135","first-page":"550","article-title":"Cross-sectional and 4-year longitudinal association between brachial pulse pressure and common carotid intima media thickness in a general population: the EVA study","volume":"30","author":"Zureik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009302","article-title":"Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987\u20131993","volume":"146","author":"Chambless","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103","article-title":"Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults","volume":"340","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.773119","article-title":"Baseline values but not treatment-induced changes in carotid intima-media thickness predict incident cardiovascular events in treated hypertensive patients: findings in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA)","volume":"120","author":"Zanchetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302162","article-title":"Carotid atherosclerosis predicts future myocardial infarction but not venous thromboembolism: the Tromso Study","volume":"34","author":"Hald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301844","article-title":"Progression of carotid intima-media thickness as predictor of vascular events: results from the IMPROVE study","volume":"33","author":"Baldassarre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"October (20)","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0165","article-title":"Carotid plaque thickness and carotid plaque burden predict future cardiovascular events in asymptomatic adult Americans","author":"Sillesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.13.1503","article-title":"Effects of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events","volume":"102","author":"Pitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.7.919","article-title":"Effects of ramipril and vitamin E on atherosclerosis. The Study to Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound changes in patients treated with Ramipril and vitamin E (SECURE)","volume":"103","author":"Lonn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000227223.90239.13","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness and antihypertensive treatment. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2010.00832.x","article-title":"Do all antihypertensive drugs improve carotid intima-media thickness? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"25","author":"Tropeano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.029","article-title":"Are changes in carotid intima-media thickness related to risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction? A critical review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"160","author":"Goldberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.059","article-title":"Does carotid intima-media thickness regression predict reduction of cardiovascular events? A meta-analysis of 41 randomized trials","volume":"56","author":"Costanzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32835644dc","article-title":"Rate of change in carotid intima-media thickness and vascular events: meta-analyses can not solve all the issues. A point of view","volume":"30","author":"Bots","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)80028-5","article-title":"Combination of the effects of losartan and atenolol on common carotid intima-media thickness in patients with hypertension: results of a 2-year, double blind, randomized, controlled study","volume":"24","author":"Ludwig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01775.x","article-title":"Irbesartan reduces common carotid artery intima-media thickness in hypertensive patients when compared to atenolol: the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigations versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) study","volume":"26","author":"Mortsell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000236839.69658.c5","article-title":"Candesartan- and atenolol-based treatments induce different patterns of carotid artery and left ventricular remodeling in hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Ariff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002067","article-title":"Effects of amlodipine and valsartan on vascular damage and ambulatory blood pressure in untreated hypertensive patients","volume":"20","author":"Ichihara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944707085982","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque volume changes following 2-year angiotensin II blockade The Multicentre Olmesartan atherosclerosis Regression Evaluation (MORE) study","volume":"1","author":"Stumpe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.31.271","article-title":"Candesartan decreases carotid intima-media thickness by enhancing nitric oxide and decreasing oxidative stress in patients with hypertension","volume":"31","author":"Ono","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.10.014","article-title":"Comparison of effects of amlodipine and angiotensin receptor blockers on the intima-media thickness of carotid arterial wall (AAA study: amlodipine vs. ARB in atherosclerosis study)","volume":"83","author":"Ikeda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S3409","article-title":"Effects of candesartan cilexetil on carotid remodeling in hypertensive diabetic patients: the MITEC study","volume":"5","author":"Baguet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.237","article-title":"The effect of losartan and amlodipine on left ventricular diastolic function and atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension (J-ELAN) study","volume":"34","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3109\/10641963.2013.780074","article-title":"Control of home blood pressure with an amlodipine- or losartan-based regimen and progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness in hypertensive patients: the HOSP substudy","volume":"35","author":"Ohta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000153272.48711.B9","article-title":"Irbesartan and lipoic acid improve endothelial function and reduce markers of inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: results of the Irbesartan and Lipoic Acid in Endothelial Dysfunction (ISLAND) study","volume":"111","author":"Sola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661817316511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661817316511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T11:50:21Z","timestamp":1660391421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661817316511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S1043661817316511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carotid intima-media thickness and anti-hypertensive treatment: Focus on angiotensin II receptor blockers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}