{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:25:46Z","timestamp":1790418346451,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T13:27:04Z","timestamp":1527686824000},"page":"51-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nutraceuticals and functional foods for the control of plasma cholesterol levels. An intersociety position paper"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3927-3546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Poli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo M.","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arrigo F.G.","family":"Cicero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-9482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Manzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Trimarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Bernini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Visioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfio","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Canzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Crescini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4687-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saula","family":"de Kreutzenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Gambacciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ghiselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Lubrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Marelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Marrocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Montemurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Parretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pedretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Perticone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3590-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franca","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw272","article-title":"2016 ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias","volume":"37","author":"Catapano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"9976","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61368-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials","volume":"385","author":"Fulcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000247","article-title":"Mendelian randomization studies: using naturally randomized genetic data to fill evidence gaps","volume":"26","author":"Ference","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.12.018","article-title":"Clinical and pathophysiological evidence supporting the safety of extremely low LDL levels-the zero-LDL hypothesis","volume":"12","author":"Masana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0670-1","article-title":"The J-shaped curve for blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk: historical context and recent updates","volume":"19","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.08.038","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cause-specific mortality in individuals without previous cardiovascular conditions: the CANHEART study","volume":"68","author":"Ko","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2525","article-title":"Association between baseline LDL-c level and total and cardiovascular mortality after LDL-c lowering: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"319","author":"Navarese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002128.pub4","article-title":"Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk","volume":"12","author":"Rees","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002128.pub3","article-title":"Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk","volume":"4","author":"Brunner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0050","article-title":"Dietary advice given by a dietitian versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol","volume":"3","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h3978","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3978","article-title":"Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"351","author":"de Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","volume":"37","author":"Piepoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.04.014","article-title":"exercise effects on lipids in persons with varying dietary patterns-does diet matter if they exercise? Responses in studies of a targeted risk reduction intervention through defined exercise I","volume":"164","author":"Huffman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0070","article-title":"Exercise for overweight or obesity","volume":"4","author":"Shaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.04.008","article-title":"Preventing cardiovascular heart disease: promising nutraceutical and non-nutraceutical treatments for cholesterol management","volume":"120","author":"Johnston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.02.012","article-title":"Rosuvastatin: beyond the cholesterol-lowering effect","volume":"107","author":"Cortese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.11.122","article-title":"Joint position statement on \"nutraceuticals for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia\" of the Italian society of diabetology (SID) and of the Italian society for the study of arteriosclerosis (SISA)","volume":"27","author":"Pirro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux047","article-title":"Lipid-lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International lipid expert panel","volume":"75","author":"Cicero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2010.01.001","article-title":"Phytosterols and cardiovascular health","volume":"61","author":"Marangoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)63144-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels","volume":"78","author":"Katan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.043","article-title":"Plant sterols and plant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"232","author":"Gylling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514000750","article-title":"LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols across different dose ranges: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies","volume":"112","author":"Ras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.035","article-title":"Effects of phytosterols on markers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"248","author":"Rocha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.12.004","article-title":"Sitosterol prevents obesity-related chronic inflammation","volume":"1863","author":"Kurano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602318","article-title":"Intake occasion affects the serum cholesterol lowering of a plant sterol-enriched single-dose yoghurt drink in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects","volume":"60","author":"Doornbos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s13749-015-0047-4","article-title":"Development of a new highly standardized and granulated extract from monascus purpureus with a high content of monacolin K and KA and free of inactive secondary monacolins and citrinin","volume":"14","author":"Nannoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrafoods"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.382","article-title":"Marked variability of monacolin levels in commercial red yeast rice products: buyer beware!","volume":"170","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.01.028","article-title":"Improved dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of lovastatin in red yeast rice products","volume":"444","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98611","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098611","article-title":"A meta-analysis of red yeast rice: an effective and relatively safe alternative approach for dyslipidemia","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01230.x","article-title":"Effect of xuezhikang on cardiovascular events and mortality in elderly patients with a history of myocardial infarction: a subgroup analysis of elderly subjects from the China coronary secondary prevention study","volume":"55","author":"Ye","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-12-200906160-00006","article-title":"Red yeast rice for dyslipidemia in statin-intolerant patients: a randomized trial","volume":"150","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv043","article-title":"Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy-European atherosclerosis society consensus panel statement on assessment, aetiology and management","volume":"36","author":"Stroes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"10088","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31075-9","volume":"389","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(99)00045-5","article-title":"New insights into the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of statins","volume":"84","author":"Corsini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0175","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database; CID=53232. (Accessed 10\/05 2018)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13171","article-title":"Adverse reactions to dietary supplements containing red yeast rice: assessment of cases from the Italian surveillance system","volume":"83","author":"Mazzanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2015.04.008","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of the effects of beta-glucan consumption on serum lipid profile and glucose level in hypercholesterolemic subjects","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00494.x","article-title":"Role of dietary beta-glucans in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Cloetens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451600341X","article-title":"The effect of oat beta-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for CVD risk reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials","volume":"116","author":"Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328321","article-title":"The effects of berberine on blood lipids: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"79","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1135","article-title":"Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins","volume":"10","author":"Kong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.032","article-title":"Berberine, a plant alkaloid with lipid- and glucose-lowering properties: from in vitro evidence to clinical studies","volume":"243","author":"Pirillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.03.023","article-title":"Regulation of PCSK9 by nutraceuticals","volume":"120","author":"Momtazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.02.004","article-title":"Berberine decreases PCSK9 expression in HepG2 cells","volume":"201","author":"Cameron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0225","article-title":"Effects of berberine on amelioration of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in high glucose and high fat diet-induced diabetic hamsters in vivo","volume":"2015","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666160411143314","article-title":"Berberine: new insights from pharmacological aspects to clinical evidences in the management of metabolic disorders","volume":"23","author":"Caliceti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002603","article-title":"Soya products and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"114","author":"Tokede","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-107","article-title":"Lupin protein positively affects plasma LDL cholesterol and LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic adults after four weeks of supplementation: a randomized, controlled crossover study","volume":"12","author":"Bahr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508033330502","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids","volume":"333","author":"Anderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.948609","article-title":"Effects of quercetin supplementation on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"57","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2016.0152","article-title":"A healthy balance of plasma cholesterol by a novel annurca apple-based nutraceutical formulation: results of a randomized trial","volume":"20","author":"Tenore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.12.005","article-title":"The effect of bergamot on dyslipidemia","volume":"23","author":"Giglio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.10.018","article-title":"Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: review of human evidence","volume":"23","author":"Tome-Carneiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2016.05.001","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of lipid- and glucose-lowering activities of bergamot flavonoids","volume":"4","author":"Janda","year":"2016","journal-title":"PharmaNutrition"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10768","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102576j","article-title":"On the inhibitor effects of bergamot juice flavonoids binding to the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) enzyme","volume":"58","author":"Leopoldini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700280","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sugarcane policosanol on dyslipidemia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"62","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.020","article-title":"Gut microbiota and probiotics intervention: a potential therapeutic target for management of cardiometabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease?","volume":"130","author":"Cavalcanti Neto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139795","article-title":"Meta-analysis: effects of probiotic supplementation on lipid profiles in Normal to mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals","volume":"10","author":"Shimizu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV17012","article-title":"Lipid lowering therapy and circulating PCSK9 concentration","volume":"24","author":"Nozue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2003.01229.x","article-title":"Synthesis and absorption markers of cholesterol in serum and lipoproteins during a large dose of statin treatment","volume":"33","author":"Miettinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.08.003","article-title":"Single blind, multicentre, randomized, controlled trial testing the effects of a novel nutraceutical compound on plasma lipid and cardiovascular risk factors: results of the interim analysis","volume":"27","author":"Trimarco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv147","article-title":"Medication adherence among patients with chronic conditions in Italy","volume":"26","author":"Napolitano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.024","article-title":"Normal LDL-cholesterol levels are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the absence of risk factors","volume":"70","author":"Fernandez-Friera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.007","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk and statin eligibility of Young adults after an MI: partners YOUNG-MI registry","volume":"71","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0325","series-title":"Annali AMD","author":"Fondazione","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.06.003","article-title":"Plasma markers of cholesterol homeostasis in metabolic syndrome subjects with or without type-2 diabetes","volume":"85","author":"Ooi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2008.08.006","article-title":"Cardiometabolic determinants of mortality in a geriatric population: is there a \"reverse metabolic syndrome\"?","volume":"35","author":"Vischer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.654756","article-title":"Effects of intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy on myocardial ischemia in older patients with coronary heart disease: results of the study assessing goals in the elderly (SAGE)","volume":"115","author":"Deedwania","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2017.10.002","article-title":"Food or pharmaceuticals? Consumers\u2019 perception of health-related borderline products","volume":"5","author":"Khedkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"PharmaNutrition"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104366181830762X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104366181830762X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T21:54:28Z","timestamp":1760910868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S104366181830762X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S104366181830762X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nutraceuticals and functional foods for the control of plasma cholesterol levels. An intersociety position paper","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.05.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}