{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T01:13:40Z","timestamp":1784855620976,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T11:32:40Z","timestamp":1577532760000},"page":"104621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effects of statins with a high hepatoselectivity rank on the extra-hepatic tissues; New functions for statins"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Yasin","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansar","family":"Karimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511163332001","article-title":"Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia","volume":"333","author":"Shepherd","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00965-X","article-title":"Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study)","volume":"81","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00530-7","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR Trial)","volume":"92","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.15171\/jcvtr.2017.11","article-title":"The effect of statins on the organs: similar or contradictory?","volume":"9","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.11.004","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statin therapy: molecular mechanisms and clinical results","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106559","article-title":"Cholesterol synthesis in the intestine of man: regional differences and control mechanisms","volume":"50","author":"Dietschy","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38921-5","article-title":"Effect of cholesterol feeding and fasting on sterol synthesis in seventeen tissues of the rat","volume":"8","author":"Dietschy","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39816-3","article-title":"Regulation of rates of cholesterol synthesis in vivo in the liver and carcass of the rat measured using [3H] water","volume":"21","author":"Jeske","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42636-7","article-title":"Selective inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in liver versus extrahepatic tissues by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors","volume":"31","author":"Parker","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105706","article-title":"Cholesterol synthesis in the squirrel monkey: relative rates of synthesis in various tissues and mechanisms of control","volume":"47","author":"Dietschy","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37830-5","article-title":"Adipose tissue and cholesterol metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Krause","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0060","first-page":"31","article-title":"The role of the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI in the lipid metabolism of endocrine and other tissues","volume":"24","author":"A.T.T.I.L.I.O. Rigotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000170946.56981.5c","article-title":"New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport","volume":"96","author":"Lewis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0070","article-title":"The potential of isoprenoids in adjuvant cancer therapy to reduce adverse effects of statins","volume":"9","author":"Mo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.021","article-title":"Molecular basis of statin-associated myopathy","volume":"202","author":"Vaklavas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090251","article-title":"Effects of statins on skeletal muscle: a perspective for physical therapists","volume":"90","author":"Di Stasi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.03.006","article-title":"High\u2010dose statins and skeletal muscle metabolism in humans: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"P\u00e4iv\u00e4","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0027","article-title":"Statins and cancer development","volume":"14","author":"Duncan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04565.x","article-title":"Cholesterol, statins and cancer","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.23.2720-a","article-title":"Statins and the risk of cancer","volume":"295","author":"Duncan","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33079","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400732200","article-title":"Mevalonate promotes the growth of tumors derived from human cancer cells in vivo and stimulates proliferation in vitro with enhanced cyclin-dependent kinase-2 activity","volume":"279","author":"Duncan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.04.037","article-title":"Lipophilicity estimation of statins as a decisive physicochemical parameter for their hepato-selectivity using reversed-phase thin layer chromatography","volume":"142","author":"Rageh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402476","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the malignant cell: the statin family of drugs as triggers of tumor-specific apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Wong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200210000-00015","article-title":"Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are able to reduce superoxide anion production by NADPH oxidase in THP-1-derived monocytes","volume":"40","author":"Delbosc","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2734","article-title":"STATs in cancer inflammation and immunity: a leading role for STAT3","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(24)12257-2","article-title":"Inhibition of geranylgeranylation reduces angiotensin II-mediated free radical production in vascular smooth muscle cells: involvement of angiotensin AT1 receptor expression and Rac1 GTPase","volume":"59","author":"Wassmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00172.x","article-title":"Statins: mechanism of action and effects","volume":"5","author":"Stancu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.18.2295","article-title":"Rho GTPases and signaling networks","volume":"11","author":"Van Aelst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.03.003","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors: drug\u2013drug interactions and interindividual differences in transporter and metabolic enzyme functions","volume":"112","author":"Shitara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1586\/ecp.11.58","article-title":"Current understanding of hepatic and intestinal OATP-mediated drug\u2013drug interactions","volume":"4","author":"Koenen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M067488","article-title":"Statins increase hepatic cholesterol synthesis and stimulate fecal cholesterol elimination in mice","volume":"57","author":"Schonewille","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2016.02.001","article-title":"Could drugs inhibiting the mevalonate pathway also target cancer stem cells?","volume":"25","author":"Likus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updates"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.11.017","article-title":"Inhibition of mevalonate pathway prevents adipocyte browning in mice and men by affecting protein prenylation","volume":"29","author":"Balaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000158484.18024.1F","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibition reduces monocyte CC chemokine receptor 2 expression and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1\u2013mediated monocyte recruitment in vivo","volume":"111","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01515","article-title":"The potential of isoprenoids in adjuvant Cancer therapy to reduce adverse effects of statins","volume":"9","author":"Mo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467209666160112123205","article-title":"Mevalonate pathway and human cancers","volume":"10","author":"Zahra Bathaie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.06.026","article-title":"The balance between induction and inhibition of mevalonate pathway regulates cancer suppression by statins: a review of molecular mechanisms","volume":"273","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.76","article-title":"The interplay between cell signalling and the mevalonate pathway in cancer","volume":"16","author":"Mullen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.179","article-title":"Oncogenic PI3K and K-Ras stimulate de novo lipid synthesis through mTORC1 and SREBP","volume":"35","author":"Ricoult","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.12.017","article-title":"Mutant p53 disrupts mammary tissue architecture via the mevalonate pathway","volume":"148","author":"Freed-Pastor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-11-1094","article-title":"Involvement of Akt in ER-to-Golgi transport of SCAP\/SREBP: a link between a key cell proliferative pathway and membrane synthesis","volume":"17","author":"Du","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2209","article-title":"Srebp\u20101 interacts with c\u2010M yc to enhance somatic cell reprogramming","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0141-3","article-title":"Metabolic features of cancer stem cells: the emerging role of lipid metabolism","volume":"37","author":"Mancini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00613-X","article-title":"3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, atorvastatin and simvastatin, induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and Rho A prenylation","volume":"161","author":"Blanco-Colio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.11","article-title":"Protein prenylation: unique fats make their mark on biology","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"7092","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04869","article-title":"Ras, PI (3) K and mTOR signalling controls tumour cell growth","volume":"441","author":"Shaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.06.009","article-title":"RAS proteins and their regulators in human disease","volume":"170","author":"Simanshu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5298-6","article-title":"Isoprenylated proteins","volume":"63","author":"McTaggart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.4.463","article-title":"Activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB by Rho, CDC42, and Rac-1 proteins","volume":"11","author":"Perona","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10109","article-title":"Ras family genes: an interesting link between cell cycle and cancer","volume":"192","author":"Macaluso","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080420419","article-title":"Ras-related proteins in signal transduction and growth control","volume":"42","author":"McCormick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.6.1823","article-title":"Cell-cycle\u2013dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK-1\/2) in myeloid leukemia cell lines and induction of growth inhibition and apoptosis by inhibitors of RAS signaling","volume":"97","author":"Morgan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10954","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.24.10954-10964.2004","article-title":"Ras\/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activates Ets-1 and Ets-2 by CBP\/p300 recruitment","volume":"24","author":"Foulds","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.306","article-title":"Ras family signaling: therapeutic targeting","volume":"1","author":"Cox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.004994","article-title":"Pharmacological actions of statins: a critical appraisal in the management of cancer","volume":"64","author":"Gazzerro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3600599","article-title":"Regulation and composition of activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors controlling collagenase and c-Jun promoter activities","volume":"360","author":"STEINM\u00fcLLER","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80068-3","article-title":"AP-1 function and regulation","volume":"9","author":"Karin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2414","article-title":"Multiple roles for lipids in the Hedgehog signalling pathway","volume":"9","author":"Eaton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.003","article-title":"Cellular cholesterol directly activates smoothened in hedgehog signaling","volume":"166","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26778","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.032342","article-title":"Insig-mediated, sterol-accelerated degradation of the membrane domain of hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in insect cells","volume":"284","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2936","article-title":"Metabolic control of YAP and TAZ by the mevalonate pathway","volume":"16","author":"Sorrentino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24766","article-title":"Synergistic actions of atorvastatin with \u03b3\u2010tocotrienol and celecoxib against human colon cancer HT29 and HCT116 cells","volume":"126","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00010-3","article-title":"Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis with lipid-lowering drugs","volume":"128","author":"Hodel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.13.1681","article-title":"Statin-associated myopathy","volume":"289","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2423","article-title":"Identifying genetic risk factors for serious adverse drug reactions: current progress and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Wilke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0330","series-title":"Skeletal Muscle Toxicology, General, Applied and Systems Toxicology","author":"Kenaston","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.6.7.971","article-title":"Statin myopathy as a metabolic muscle disease","volume":"6","author":"Phillips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2007.12.009","article-title":"Statin induced myotoxicity: the lactone forms are more potent than the acid forms in human skeletal muscle cells in vitro","volume":"33","author":"Skottheim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.086462","article-title":"Delineation of myotoxicity induced by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors in human skeletal muscle cells","volume":"314","author":"Sacher","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2165\/11319380-000000000-00000","article-title":"Risk factors and drug interactions predisposing to statin-induced myopathy","volume":"33","author":"Chatzizisis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.09.011","article-title":"Statin myotoxicity: a review of genetic susceptibility factors","volume":"24","author":"Needham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0360","series-title":"Statin-induced Muscle Mitochondrial Toxicity","author":"Schick","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.10.033","article-title":"Current overview of statin-induced myopathy","volume":"116","author":"Rosenson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5426","DOI":"10.1021\/bi100276b","article-title":"Chronic cholesterol depletion using statin impairs the function and dynamics of human serotonin1A receptors","volume":"49","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0375","first-page":"2","article-title":"The role of Coenzyme Q10 in statin-associated myopathy","volume":"1","author":"Kalra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electron. Physician"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.049","article-title":"The role of coenzyme Q10 in statin-associated myopathy: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Marcoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1208","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00226.2006","article-title":"Statin-induced apoptosis and skeletal myopathy","volume":"291","author":"Dirks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.12.010","article-title":"New insights into mechanisms of statin-associated myotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Sirvent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6235-z","article-title":"Toxicity of statins on rat skeletal muscle mitochondria","volume":"63","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.03.006","article-title":"High\u2010dose statins and skeletal muscle metabolism in humans: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"P\u00e4iv\u00e4","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000097","article-title":"A systems biology strategy reveals biological pathways and plasma biomarker candidates for potentially toxic statin-induced changes in muscle","volume":"1","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.04.010","article-title":"Statins induce apoptosis in rat and human myotube cultures by inhibiting protein geranylgeranylation but not ubiquinone","volume":"200","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-30-74","article-title":"Statin-induced apoptosis via the suppression of ERK1\/2 and Akt activation by inhibition of the geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate biosynthesis in glioblastoma","volume":"30","author":"Yanae","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08238FP","article-title":"Possible mechanisms underlying statin-induced skeletal muscle toxicity in L6 fibroblasts and in rats","volume":"109","author":"Itagaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.01.016","article-title":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors induce apoptosis in human cardiac myocytes in vitro","volume":"71","author":"Demyanets","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401873","article-title":"RhoA GTPase inactivation by statins induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by inhibiting p42\/p44-MAPKs-Bcl-2 signaling independently of BMP-2 and cell differentiation","volume":"13","author":"Fromigue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2004.06.010","article-title":"Effects of statins and farnesyltransferase inhibitors on the development and progression of cancer","volume":"30","author":"Graaf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.5.490","article-title":"3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase and isoprenylation inhibitors induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in culture","volume":"83","author":"Guijarro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15309","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201253200","article-title":"Inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and RhoA\/RhoA kinase pathway induces apoptosis in human endothelial cells","volume":"277","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.57.11.0014","article-title":"Statin\u2010induced apoptosis linked with membrane farnesylated Ras small G protein depletion, rather than geranylated Rho protein","volume":"57","author":"Matzno","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00031-9","article-title":"Involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in HMG\u2010CoA reductase inhibitor\u2010induced cell death in L6 myoblasts","volume":"444","author":"Mutoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200212000-00012","article-title":"Fluvastatin induces apoptosis in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes: a possible mechanism of statin-attenuated cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"40","author":"Ogata","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01320-9","article-title":"HMG\u2010CoA reductase inhibitor\u2010induced L6 myoblast cell death: involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase pathway","volume":"438","author":"Nakagawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21564","article-title":"Apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial cells by statins through the blocking of protein geranylgeranylation: a potential therapeutic approach to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Nagashima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3852","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0098","article-title":"Lovastatin induces apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells via inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and de novo protein synthesis","volume":"144","author":"Zhong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.09.065","article-title":"Skeletal muscle-specific HMG-CoA reductase knockout mice exhibit rhabdomyolysis: a model for statin-induced myopathy","volume":"466","author":"Osaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.04.010","article-title":"The AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway plays a key role in statin-induced myotoxicity","volume":"1853","author":"Bonifacio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Cell Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1972.33","article-title":"Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wideranging implications in tissue kinetics","volume":"26","author":"Kerr","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0495","first-page":"3","article-title":"The biology of aging","volume":"70","author":"Troen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mount Sinai J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1380482","article-title":"Hormonal control of programmed cell death\/apoptosis","volume":"138","author":"Kiess","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(96)01070-5","article-title":"Vaginal ultrasound of the endometrium in postmenopausal women with symptoms of urogenital atrophy on low-dose estrogen or tibolone treatment: a comparison","volume":"26","author":"Botsis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00623.x","article-title":"Bioengineered nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation","volume":"209","author":"Kingham","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319707300353","article-title":"Reduced arterial circulation to the legs in spinal cord injury as a cause of skin breakdown lesions","volume":"58","author":"Deitrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0520","series-title":"Elsevier\u2019s Integrated Pathology","first-page":"1","article-title":"1 - cell injury, cellular responses to injury, and cell death","author":"King","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0525","series-title":"Musculoskeletal Response to Space Flight, Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight","first-page":"293","author":"Shackelford","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00400-3","article-title":"Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"117","author":"Sandri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00562","article-title":"Protective role of testicular hormone INSL3 from atrophy and weakness in skeletal muscle","volume":"9","author":"Ferlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12334","article-title":"Topical KGF treatment as a therapeutic strategy for vaginal atrophy in a model of ovariectomized mice","volume":"18","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100594","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100594","article-title":"Muscle atrophy reversed by growth factor activation of satellite cells in a mouse muscle atrophy model","volume":"9","author":"Hauerslev","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3326","article-title":"Growth hormone treatment of premature ovarian failure in a mouse model via stimulation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13556","article-title":"Statins\u2019 benefits begin to sprout","volume":"108","author":"Altieri","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200312000-00008","article-title":"Statin therapy and angiogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Skaletz-Rorowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000014081.30867.F8","article-title":"Double-edged role of statins in angiogenesis signaling","volume":"90","author":"Urbich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/10623320500476559","article-title":"Atorvastatin affects several angiogenic mediators in human endothelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Dulak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endothelium"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2174\/156800905774932824","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of statins: relevance to anti-cancer therapy","volume":"5","author":"Dulak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1160\/TH06-01-0022","article-title":"Effects of simvastatin on angiogenic growth factors released at the site of microvascular injury","volume":"95","author":"Undas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thrombosis Haemostasis-Stuttgart"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2009.77","article-title":"Pravastatin accelerates ischemia-induced angiogenesis through AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"32","author":"Izumi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0415fje","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is essential for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor cerivastatin to promote collateral growth in response to ischemia","volume":"15","author":"Sata","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.2.169","article-title":"Diverse effects of statins on angiogenesis: new therapeutic avenues","volume":"30","author":"Elewa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mca.0000131572.14521.8a","article-title":"Effects of statins on endothelium and their contribution to neovascularization by mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells","volume":"15","author":"Walter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Coron. Artery Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0605","first-page":"838","article-title":"Effects of statins on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis","volume":"55","author":"Joan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308537","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins on the cardiovascular system","volume":"120","author":"Oesterle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-016-1252-4","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins: new therapeutic targets in drug design","volume":"389","author":"Bedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0110","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins","volume":"74","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e31819cdc86","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying pleiotropic effects of statins","volume":"17","author":"Palaniswamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2011.03907.x","article-title":"What is a relevant statin concentration in cell experiments claiming pleiotropic effects?","volume":"72","author":"Bj\u00f6rkhem\u2010Bergman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0635","first-page":"281","article-title":"Statins, nitric oxide and neovascularization","volume":"23","author":"Xia Ma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drug Rev."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2011.01.005","article-title":"The VEGF\/Rho GTPase signalling pathway: a promising target for anti-angiogenic\/anti-invasion therapy","volume":"16","author":"van der Meel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000196564.18314.23","article-title":"Rho GTPases, statins, and nitric oxide","volume":"97","author":"Rikitake","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.01.005","article-title":"Blockade of the Ras\/MEK\/ERK and Ras\/PI3K\/Akt pathways by statins reduces the expression of bFGF, HGF, and TGF-\u03b2 as angiogenic factors in mouse osteosarcoma","volume":"54","author":"Tsubaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600116","article-title":"Statins and stroke","volume":"25","author":"Endres","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00195-X","article-title":"Beyond lipid lowering: the role of statins in vascular protection","volume":"86","author":"Liao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000028149.15986.4C","article-title":"3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors interfere with angiogenesis by inhibiting the geranylgeranylation of RhoA","volume":"91","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000142813.33538.82","article-title":"Inhibition of Rho-kinase leads to rapid activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/protein kinase Akt and cardiovascular protection","volume":"24","author":"Wolfrum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vas. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1236","article-title":"Regulation of PTEN by rho small GTPases","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.146951","article-title":"Early atorvastatin reduces hemorrhage after acute cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats","volume":"330","author":"Elewa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.150748","article-title":"The PI3K\/Akt pathway mediates the neuroprotective effect of atorvastatin in extending thrombolytic therapy after embolic stroke in the rat","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/79510","article-title":"The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals","volume":"6","author":"Kureishi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0695","series-title":"The Pro-and Antiangiogenic Effects of Statins, Seminars in Vascular Medicine, Copyright\u00a9 2004","first-page":"395","author":"Skaletz-Rorowski","year":"2004"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.7.683","article-title":"3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors increase fibrinolytic activity in rat aortic endothelial cells: role of geranylgeranylation and Rho proteins","volume":"83","author":"Essig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.11-3-306","article-title":"The role of statins in cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Hindler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.50972","article-title":"Improvement of hepatic bioavailability as a new step for the future of statin","volume":"11","author":"Petyaev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci.: AMS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00299.x","article-title":"Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: an update","volume":"19","author":"Schachter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.07.048","article-title":"Managing the underestimated risk of statin-associated myopathy","volume":"159","author":"Rallidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661819328610?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661819328610?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T22:09:48Z","timestamp":1760911788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661819328610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":144,"alternative-id":["S1043661819328610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effects of statins with a high hepatoselectivity rank on the extra-hepatic tissues; New functions for statins","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104621","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104621"}}