{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T10:24:55Z","timestamp":1793269495714,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]],"date-time":"2021-11-07T09:44:45Z","timestamp":1636278285000},"page":"105969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by inhibiting TLR2\/MyD88 and HDAC3\/ NF-\u03baB p65-mediated neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Yanjia","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baixi","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houzao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Depei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanhua","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab059","article-title":"The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis","volume":"144","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30481-1","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"391","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2018.01.370","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: challenges and promising perspectives","volume":"174","author":"Maillart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7070078","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: immunopathology and treatment update","volume":"7","author":"Dargahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.J. Kaskow, C. Baecher-Allan. Effector T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 8, a029025. \u3008https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a029025\u3009.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/948976","article-title":"The benefits and detriments of macrophages\/microglia in models of multiple sclerosis","volume":"2013","author":"Rawji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S140634","article-title":"The role of microglia in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.02.015","article-title":"The roles of macrophages and microglia in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"318","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00537","article-title":"Histone deacetylases inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases, neuroprotection and neuronal differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Shukla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117278","article-title":"Pharmacological intervention of histone deacetylase enzymes in the neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"243","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2174\/156802609788085250","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors in inflammatory disease","volume":"9","author":"Halili","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.1.2.2678","article-title":"Rationale for the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors as a dual therapeutic modality in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.07.015","article-title":"The epigenetic drug Trichostatin A ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via T cell tolerance induction and impaired influx of T cells into the spinal cord","volume":"108","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib14","series-title":"LiverTo: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]","author":"Belinostat","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.30154","article-title":"Histone deacetylases (HDACs) guided novel therapies for T-cell lymphomas","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J. Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib16","first-page":"209","article-title":"Belinostat for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Hood","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pr. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.12.006","article-title":"Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suppresses dendritic cell function and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"241","author":"Ge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.11.002","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: current and emerging disease-modifying therapies and treatment strategies","volume":"89","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1664","article-title":"LINGO-1 antagonist promotes spinal cord remyelination and axonal integrity in MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"13","author":"Mi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proghi.2009.03.001","article-title":"Recent advances in quantitative colocalization analysis: focus on neuroscience","volume":"44","author":"Vadim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13139","article-title":"Microglial M1-M2 polarization and metabolic states","volume":"173","author":"Orihuela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib22","first-page":"245","article-title":"Nitric oxide and cellular stress response in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders the role of vitagenes","volume":"18","author":"Calabrese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.08.021","article-title":"The role of CNS TLR2 activation in mediating innate versus adaptive neuroinflammation","volume":"273","author":"Luz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8402-y","article-title":"TLR2 and TLR4 in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks916","article-title":"The coactivator role of histone deacetylase 3 in IL-1-signaling involves deacetylation of p65 NF-\u03baB","volume":"41","author":"Ziesch\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00519","article-title":"The selective HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-738 impacts memory and disease regulation in an animal model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"LoPresti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.04.002","article-title":"Treatment with non-specific HDAC inhibitors administered after disease onset does not delay evolution in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"465","author":"Daniela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.02.006","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS","volume":"262","author":"Ellwardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2005.11.006","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis: evidence for autoimmune dysregulation, not simple autoimmune reaction","volume":"108","author":"Grigoriadis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030504","article-title":"The diverse roles of microglia in the neurodegenerative aspects of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity","volume":"18","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2016-001381","article-title":"A practical review of the neuropathology and neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Matthews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib32","first-page":"230","article-title":"The toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-related immunopathological responses in the multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"18","author":"Jafarzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01152-5","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2-mediated autophagy promotes microglial cell death by modulating the microglial M1\/M2 phenotype","volume":"43","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577262","article-title":"TLR-2 neutralization potentiates microglial M1 to M2 switching by the combinatorial treatment of ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone during S. aureus infection","volume":"344","author":"Dey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101121","article-title":"TLR2 is a primary receptor for Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid beta peptide to trigger neuroinflammatory activation","volume":"188","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001992","article-title":"Role for MyD88, TLR2 and TLR9 but not TLR1, TLR4 or TLR6 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"187","author":"Miranda-Hernandez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2007.055012","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene variants are associated with multiple sclerosis in three distinct populations","volume":"45","author":"Kristjansdottir","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2010.46","article-title":"Validation of IRF5 as multiple sclerosis risk gene: putative role in interferon beta therapy and human herpes virus-6 infection","volume":"12","author":"Vandenbroeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.07.052","article-title":"Mdm2 is required for HDAC3 monoubiquitination and stability","volume":"517","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121131109","article-title":"Requirement for the histone deacetylase Hdac3 for the inflammatory gene expression program in macrophages","volume":"109","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6237351","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of HDAC3 selective inhibitor in the regulation of inflammatory response of primary microglia","volume":"2017","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0293-3","article-title":"Augmentation of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) epigenetic signature at the interface of proinflammation and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Sathishkumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-209064","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 3 regulates the inflammatory gene expression programme of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"76","author":"Angiolilli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib44","article-title":"Role of HDAC3 on p53 expression and apoptosis in T cells of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4540","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507784200","article-title":"Regulation of nuclear translocation of HDAC3 by IkappaBalpha is required for tumor necrosis factor inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma function","volume":"281","author":"Gao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661821005533?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661821005533?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T22:25:44Z","timestamp":1760912744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661821005533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1043661821005533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by inhibiting TLR2\/MyD88 and HDAC3\/ NF-\u03baB p65-mediated neuroinflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105969","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105969"}}