{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:05:51Z","timestamp":1790798751761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T17:04:50Z","timestamp":1741194290000},"page":"107685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Choline metabolism in ischemic stroke: An underappreciated \"two-edged sword\""],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Mengchen","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanlin","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaosheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longxin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengtao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00642-1","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"403","author":"Hilkens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26867","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attack and acute ischemic stroke: a review","volume":"325","author":"Mendelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30442-3","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of dementia associated with transient ischaemic attack and stroke: analysis of the population-based Oxford Vascular Study","volume":"18","author":"Pendlebury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.678744","article-title":"Immune cells in the BBB disruption after acute ischemic stroke: targets for immune therapy?","volume":"12","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1516-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Jayaraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-010-9088-4","article-title":"Choline and betaine in health and disease","volume":"34","author":"Ueland","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib8","first-page":"10","article-title":"Subacute changes in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) following ischemic stroke: a serial MR spectroscopy pilot study","author":"Mazibuko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib9","article-title":"Utility of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the progression of neurological symptoms in lenticulostriate artery territory infarction","volume":"30","author":"Shiga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cereb. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S245129","article-title":"Construction of a risk model associated with prognosis of post-stroke depression based on magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"16","author":"Qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib11","article-title":"Dietary choline intake: current state of knowledge across the life cycle","volume":"10","author":"Alejandra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.937","article-title":"Recommended energy and nutrients intakes in the European Union: 2008-2016","volume":"34","author":"Garc\u00eda Gabarra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3945\/an.114.007955","article-title":"Choline, its potential role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the case for human and bacterial genes","volume":"7","author":"Sherriff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-024-00521-3","article-title":"The interplay between dietary choline and cardiometabolic disorders: a review of current evidence","volume":"13","author":"Vallianou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.371375","article-title":"Maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid or choline worsen stroke outcomes in adult male and female mouse offspring","volume":"18","author":"Clementson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283600d46","article-title":"Choline's role in maintaining liver function: new evidence for epigenetic mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Mehedint","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516002956","article-title":"Dietary choline and betaine intake, choline-metabolising genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China","volume":"116","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib18","article-title":"Biochemical and pathophysiological premises to positron emission tomography with choline radiotracers","volume":"232","author":"Vincenzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32834e7b4b","article-title":"Choline metabolism provides novel insights into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression","volume":"28","author":"Corbin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0518","article-title":"Metabolic crosstalk between choline\/1-carbon metabolism and energy homeostasis","volume":"51","author":"Zeisel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12009","article-title":"12), folate, and the methionine remethylation cycle-biochemistry, pathways, and regulation","volume":"42","author":"Froese","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4318","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12461","article-title":"Choline and dimethylglycine produce superoxide\/hydrogen peroxide from the electron transport chain in liver mitochondria","volume":"590","author":"Mailloux","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib23","article-title":"The role of phosphatidylcholine and choline metabolites to cell proliferation and survival","volume":"48","author":"Neale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biochem Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib24","article-title":"Choline kinase: an important target for cancer","volume":"13","author":"S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(85)90289-9","article-title":"Formation of unesterified choline by rat brain","volume":"835","author":"Zeisel","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-010-9205-y","article-title":"Choline-deprivation alters crucial brain enzyme activities in a rat model of diabetic encephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"Liapi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib27","article-title":"CDP-choline accumulation in breast and colorectal cancer cells treated with a GSK-3-targeting inhibitor","volume":"32","author":"Su Myat","year":"2018","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib28","article-title":"Choline metabolism in malignant transformation","volume":"11","author":"Kristine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220795","article-title":"Quantitative lipidomic analysis of serum phospholipids reveals dissociable markers of Alzheimer's disease and subcortical cerebrovascular disease","volume":"93","author":"Otoki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.02.001","article-title":"DDAH1 promotes neurogenesis and neural repair in cerebral ischemia","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00136710","article-title":"Expression of muscarinic receptors by human macrophages","volume":"39","author":"Koarai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.10.028","article-title":"Acetylcholine and molecular components of its synthesis and release machinery in the urothelium","volume":"51","author":"Lips","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666150716165726","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: targeting the cholinergic system","volume":"14","author":"Ferreira-Vieira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.63","article-title":"Formation of free choline in brain tissue during in vitro energy deprivation","volume":"11","author":"Djuricic","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8762","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401667101","article-title":"Lethal impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission in hemicholinium-3-sensitive choline transporter knockout mice","volume":"101","author":"Ferguson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317155","article-title":"Identification of TMAO-producer phenotype and host-diet-gut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ-free mice","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib37","first-page":"301","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in human health","volume":"20","author":"Gatarek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Excli J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.03.053","article-title":"The role of trimethylamine N-oxide as a mediator of cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease","volume":"92","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Koeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109400","article-title":"Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk","volume":"368","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002699","article-title":"Dysbiosis of gut microbiota with reduced trimethylamine-N-oxide level in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke or transient ischemic attack","volume":"4","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00333A","article-title":"A Mediterranean diet does not alter plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations in healthy adults at risk for colon cancer","volume":"10","author":"Griffin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101994","article-title":"Neurotransmitter systems in the etiology of major neurological disorders: emerging insights and therapeutic implications","volume":"89","author":"Nimgampalle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.10.008","article-title":"Choline availability and acetylcholine synthesis in the hippocampus of acetylcholinesterase-deficient mice","volume":"52","author":"Hartmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36957-5","article-title":"Acetylcholine release and choline availability in rat hippocampus: effects of exogenous choline and nicotinamide","volume":"282","author":"K\u00f6ppen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9194","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900444R","article-title":"Low availability of choline in utero disrupts development and function of the retina","volume":"33","author":"Trujillo-Gonzalez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28383-8_21","article-title":"Choline and the brain: an epigenetic perspective","volume":"12","author":"Bekdash","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-282426","article-title":"Maternal dietary intake of choline in mice regulates development of the cerebral cortex in the offspring","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061731","article-title":"Choline, neurological development and brain function: a systematic review focusing on the first 1000 days","volume":"12","author":"Derbyshire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807651200","article-title":"Gestational choline supply regulates methylation of histone H3, expression of histone methyltransferases G9a (Kmt1c) and Suv39h1 (Kmt1a), and DNA methylation of their genes in rat fetal liver and brain","volume":"284","author":"Davison","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0774-y","article-title":"Knowledge on preconceptional folic acid supplementation and intention to seek for preconception care among men and women in an urban city: a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Temel","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.04.067","article-title":"MTHFR deficiency or reduced intake of folate or choline in pregnant mice results in impaired short-term memory and increased apoptosis in the hippocampus of wild-type offspring","volume":"300","author":"Jadavji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2017.05.002","article-title":"Physiological functions of the cholinergic system in immune cells","volume":"134","author":"Fujii","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.12.029","article-title":"Acetylcholine mediates the release of IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial cells by a NFkB\/ERK-dependent mechanism","volume":"582","author":"Profita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib55","article-title":"Manipulation of the inflammatory reflex as a therapeutic strategy","volume":"3","author":"Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2013.00117","article-title":"\u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling inhibits inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial DNA release","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13037","article-title":"Lifelong choline supplementation ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology and associated cognitive deficits by attenuating microglia activation","volume":"18","author":"Velazquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.870174","article-title":"Activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway ameliorates cerebral and cardiac dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage through autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01124-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate acute respiratory distress syndrome through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202400823R","article-title":"Unveiling citicoline's mechanisms and clinical relevance in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders","volume":"38","author":"Cavalu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142963","article-title":"Citicoline\/coenzyme Q10\/vitamin B3 fixed combination exerts synergistic protective effects on neuronal cells exposed to oxidative stress","volume":"14","author":"Mastropasqua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11062-021-09907-3","article-title":"Serum levels of the biomarkers associated with astrocytosis, neurodegeneration, and demyelination: neurological benefits of citicoline treatment of patients with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation","volume":"53","author":"Kuryata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413477","article-title":"The nutritional supplement L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15392","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of \u03b17 ligands after acute ischaemic stroke is linked to conductive states of \u03b17 nicotinic ACh receptors","volume":"178","author":"Gaidhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031254","article-title":"Mesencephalic electrical stimulation reduces neuroinflammation after photothrombotic stroke in rats by targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway","volume":"22","author":"Schuhmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib66","article-title":"Electroacupuncture ameliorates gastrointestinal dysfunction by modulating DMV cholinergic efferent signals to drive the vagus nerve in p-MCAO rats","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.220430","article-title":"Longitudinal monitoring of microstructural alterations in cerebral ischemia with in vivo diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy","volume":"306","author":"Genovese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098091","article-title":"Exploratory transcriptomic profiling reveals the role of gut microbiota in vascular dementia","volume":"24","author":"Kaur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2019.101730","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of human neural stem cells over-expressing choline acetyltransferase in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071556","article-title":"Maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid and choline result in larger damage volume, reduced neuro-degeneration and -inflammation and changes in choline metabolites after ischemic stroke in middle-aged offspring","volume":"15","author":"Hurley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171472","article-title":"Maternal dietary deficiency in choline reduced levels of MMP-2 levels in blood and brain tissue of male offspring mice","volume":"13","author":"Esfandiarei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111463","article-title":"Gut microbe-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib73","article-title":"Bifidobacterium breve and bifidobacterium longum attenuate choline-induced plasma trimethylamine N-oxide production by modulating gut microbiota in mice","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.08.045","article-title":"Compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiota in patients with stroke","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020646","article-title":"Longitudinal plasma measures of trimethylamine N-oxide and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events in community-based older adults","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577526","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolite TMAO portends prognosis in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"354","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03458-2","article-title":"The association between trimethylamine N-oxide levels and ischemic stroke occurrence: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15249","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide predicts stroke severity in diabetic patients with acute ischaemic stroke and is related to glycemic variability","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.30446","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide and white matter hyperintensity volume among patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"6","author":"Kijpaisalratana","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13572","article-title":"Associations of plasma TMAO and its precursors with stroke risk in the general population: a nested case-control study","volume":"293","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.05.002","article-title":"Gut microbes impact stroke severity via the trimethylamine N-oxide pathway","volume":"29","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib82","article-title":"Diet-induced high serum levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide enhance the cellular inflammatory response without exacerbating acute intracerebral hemorrhage injury in mice","volume":"2022","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027265","article-title":"Residual risk of trimethylamine-N-oxide and choline for stroke recurrence in patients with intensive secondary therapy","volume":"11","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab263","article-title":"Vascular endothelial tissue factor contributes to trimethylamine N-oxide-enhanced arterial thrombosis","volume":"118","author":"Witkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105299","article-title":"Metaorganismal choline metabolism shapes olfactory perception","volume":"299","author":"Massey","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6684","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02990-5","article-title":"The role of a gut microbial-derived metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), in neurological disorders","volume":"59","author":"Praveenraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036800","article-title":"Gut microbiota and their metabolites in stroke: a double-edged sword","volume":"53","author":"Peh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527322666230203140805","article-title":"Stroke and vascular cognitive impairment: the role of intestinal microbiota metabolite TMAO","volume":"23","author":"Tu","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519001065","article-title":"Dietary choline is positively related to overall and cause-specific mortality: results from individuals of the national health and nutrition examination survey and pooling prospective data","volume":"122","author":"Mazidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.10.012","article-title":"Choline metabolites and incident cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort of adults: coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"119","author":"Shea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-021-00637-1","article-title":"Association of serum choline levels and all-cause mortality risk in adults with hypertension: a nested case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031903","article-title":"Choline pathway nutrients and metabolites and cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"52","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05099-3","article-title":"Lgl1 controls NG2 endocytic pathway to regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation and asymmetric cell division and gliomagenesis","volume":"9","author":"Daynac","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2023.3277546","article-title":"Prediction of stroke onset time with combined fast high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic and quantitative T(2) mapping","volume":"70","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081731","article-title":"Comparative targeted metabolomics of ischemic stroke: thrombi and serum profiling for the identification of stroke-related metabolites","volume":"12","author":"Karmeli\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-023-01331-2","article-title":"NMR based Serum metabolomics revealed metabolic signatures associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in brain stroke","volume":"39","author":"Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib97","article-title":"Global metabolomic profiling reveals disrupted lipid and amino acid metabolism between the acute and chronic stages of ischemic stroke","volume":"31","author":"Sidorov","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cereb. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.953426","article-title":"Circulating choline pathway nutrients and risk of moyamoya disease","volume":"9","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-023-02081-z","article-title":"Plasma lipidomic profiling reveals six candidate biomarkers for the prediction of incident stroke in patients with hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28596","article-title":"Predicting the onset of ischemic stroke with fast high-resolution 3D MR spectroscopic imaging","volume":"58","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22769","article-title":"Microtubule-associated protein 2, an early blood marker of ischemic brain injury","volume":"90","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5123241","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia induced altered insulin signaling pathway in muscle of high fat- and carbohydrate-fed rats: effect of exercise","volume":"2021","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac193","article-title":"Is dietary choline intake related to dementia and Alzheimer's disease risks? Results from the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"116","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib104","article-title":"Choline consumption reduces CVD risk via body composition modification","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184036","article-title":"Association between dietary choline intake and cardiovascular diseases: national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2016","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18837-8","article-title":"An inverse association of dietary choline with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among US adults: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183218","article-title":"Mediterranean diet prior to ischemic stroke and potential circulating mediators of favorable outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Casta\u00f1\u00f3n-Apil\u00e1nez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000743","article-title":"The role of dietary supplements that modulate one-carbon metabolism on stroke outcome","volume":"24","author":"Yahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142960","article-title":"Ischemic stroke and dietary vitamin B12 deficiency in old-aged females: impaired motor function, increased ischemic damage size, and changed metabolite profiles in brain and cecum tissue","volume":"14","author":"Poole","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2023.2188639","article-title":"Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency impairs motor function and changes neuronal survival and choline metabolism after ischemic stroke in middle-aged male and female mice","volume":"27","author":"Mbs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01299-2","article-title":"Vitamin B(12) produced by gut bacteria modulates cholinergic signalling","volume":"26","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00502.2023","article-title":"Impact of maternal dietary folic acid or choline dietary deficiencies on vascular function in young and middle-aged female mouse offspring after ischemic stroke","volume":"325","author":"Pull","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14100552","article-title":"Maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid and choline change metabolites levels in offspring after ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Anwar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2024.2398365","article-title":"Maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid or choline reduce primary neuron viability after exposure to hypoxia through increased levels of apoptosis","author":"Yaldiko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520950557","article-title":"Role of functional pharmacological therapy in post-stroke depression: a narrative review","volume":"48","author":"Corallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211055036","article-title":"Role of citicoline and choline in the treatment of post-stroke depression: an exploratory study","volume":"49","author":"Arcadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103113","article-title":"Application of citicoline in neurological disorders: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Jasielski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.915362","article-title":"Citicoline treatment in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, single-blind TMS study","volume":"13","author":"Premi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01556-3","article-title":"OX26-cojugated gangliosilated liposomes to improve the post-ischemic therapeutic effect of CDP-choline","volume":"14","author":"d'Avanzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib120","first-page":"6","article-title":"Effect of investigational combinations of neuroprotectants on the level of S 100 and nse protein in the blood serum of patients with moderate and severe ischemic stroke","author":"Karimulin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Georgian Med N."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269224","article-title":"Citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.93482","article-title":"Efficacy of citicoline delivered via brain extracellular space against experimental acute ischemic stroke in rats","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J. Med Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01229-z","article-title":"Association of nimodipine and choline alphoscerate in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial-the CONIVaD trial","volume":"32","author":"Salvadori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-021-00852-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the association of nimodipine and choline alphoscerate in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. The CONIVaD Trial","volume":"38","author":"Salvadori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S412743","article-title":"Identification of cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione as a novel neuroprotectant in ischemic stroke and its lipidomics","volume":"17","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325820950102","article-title":"Oleuropein improved post cerebral stroke cognitive function by promoting histone acetylation and phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein in MCAO rats","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03428-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Kami-guibi-tang for mild cognitive impairment: a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-022-2893-4","article-title":"Echinacoside alleviates cognitive impairment in cerebral ischemia rats through \u03b1 7nAChR-induced autophagy","volume":"28","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14040216","article-title":"The water extract of rhubarb prevents ischemic stroke by regulating gut bacteria and metabolic pathways","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MO00158F","article-title":"Nuciferine attenuates acute ischemic stroke in a rat model: a metabolomic approach for the mechanistic study","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Omics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib131","article-title":"Human neural stem cells encoding ChAT gene restore cognitive function via acetylcholine synthesis, A\u03b2 elimination, and neuroregeneration in APPswe\/PS1dE9 mice","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.07.008","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the restoration of human APP transgenic mouse cognitive dysfunction after transplant of human iPS cell-derived neural cells","volume":"271","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25741","article-title":"Adipose stem cells enhance myoblast proliferation via acetylcholine and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 signaling","volume":"57","author":"El-Habta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7351238","article-title":"Tail nerve electrical stimulation and electro-acupuncture can protect spinal motor neurons and alleviate muscle atrophy after spinal cord transection in rats","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1774-z","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of human adipose stem cell-derived extract in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Jeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.04.006","article-title":"Cereboost\u2122, an American ginseng extract, improves cognitive function via up-regulation of choline acetyltransferase expression and neuroprotection","volume":"78","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharm."}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661825001100?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661825001100?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T02:19:24Z","timestamp":1742437164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661825001100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":136,"alternative-id":["S1043661825001100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Choline metabolism in ischemic stroke: An underappreciated \"two-edged sword\"","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107685","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107685"}}