{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T20:42:58Z","timestamp":1794170578584,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030692","name":"Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA060451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA060451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI153325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI153325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI171568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI171568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T16:19:19Z","timestamp":1741796359000},"page":"107693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["IUPHAR review: From gut to brain: The role of gut dysbiosis, bacterial amyloids, and metabolic disease in Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Saadet","family":"Inan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Paul","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c7agla","family":"T\u00fckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00302-24","article-title":"The human gut microbiome in health and disease: time for a new chapter?","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwad026","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0802-6","article-title":"Microbiota-brain-gut axis and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"17","author":"Quigley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2024.102473","article-title":"The menace within: bacterial amyloids as a trigger for autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"79","author":"Elkins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib6","article-title":"Provisional mortality data - United States,2022","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2266","article-title":"Symptomatic atherosclerosis is associated with an altered gut metagenome","volume":"3","author":"Karlsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6103","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1224820","article-title":"Intestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of the microbiota","volume":"338","author":"Arthur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7418","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","article-title":"A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes","volume":"490","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170020","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00302-24","article-title":"The human gut microbiome in health and disease: time for a new chapter?","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"5728","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6351","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9949","article-title":"Microbiota-activated PPAR-\u03b3 signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion","volume":"357","author":"Byndloss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.005","article-title":"Crosstalk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and intestinal epithelial HIF augments tissue barrier function","volume":"17","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718635115","article-title":"Microbes vs. chemistry in the origin of the anaerobic gut lumen","volume":"115","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6418","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9076","article-title":"Colonocyte metabolism shapes the gut microbiota","volume":"362","author":"Litvak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib17","first-page":"679","article-title":"Molecular modeling study of the multidrug resistance modifiers cis- and trans-flupentixol","volume":"52","author":"Wiese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2316579120","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis: Ecological causes and causative effects on human disease","volume":"120","author":"Winter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6556","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba3683","article-title":"High-fat diet-induced colonocyte dysfunction escalates microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide","volume":"373","author":"Yoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.06.001","article-title":"High-fat diet and antibiotics cooperatively impair mitochondrial bioenergetics to trigger dysbiosis that exacerbates pre-inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6305","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag3042","article-title":"Virulence factors enhance Citrobacter rodentium expansion through aerobic respiration","volume":"353","author":"Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.004","article-title":"Depletion of butyrate-producing clostridia from the gut microbiota drives an aerobic luminal expansion of salmonella","volume":"19","author":"Rivera-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.01.007","article-title":"Ambient oxygen levels regulate intestinal dysbiosis and GVHD severity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"56","author":"Seike","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.019","article-title":"Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly","volume":"49","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13601-y","article-title":"Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"Vogt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180176","article-title":"Gut microbiota is altered in patients with Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"63","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.05.008","article-title":"Altered microbiomes distinguish Alzheimer's disease from amnestic mild cognitive impairment and health in a Chinese cohort","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib28","article-title":"Inflammatory manifestations associated with gut dysbiosis in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"2024","author":"Kozhakhmetov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13071944","article-title":"Alterations in gut microbiota and their correlation with brain beta-amyloid burden measured by 18F-Florbetaben PET in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2363014","article-title":"Modulation of Alzheimer's disease brain pathology in mice by gut bacterial depletion: the role of IL-17a","volume":"16","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib31","article-title":"Gut microbiome alterations precede cerebral amyloidosis and microglial pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"2020","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Res Int"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib32","article-title":"Transplantation of fecal microbiota from APP\/PS1 mice and Alzheimer's disease patients enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cerebral cortex of wild-type mice","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08840-7","article-title":"Exogenous lipase administration alters gut microbiota composition and ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"12","author":"Menden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160926","article-title":"Altered gut microbiome composition and tryptic activity of the 5xFAD Alzheimer's mouse model","volume":"56","author":"Brandscheid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba0466","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis contributes to amyloid pathology, associated with C\/EBP\u03b2\/AEP signaling activation in Alzheimer's disease mouse model","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S195","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201367","article-title":"Gut microbiota alterations and cognitive impairment are sexually dissociated in a transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"82","author":"Cuervo-Zanatta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00595-7","article-title":"The gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease: what we know and what remains to be explored","volume":"18","author":"Chandra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007978","article-title":"Structural insights into Curli CsgA cross-beta fibril architecture inspire repurposing of anti-amyloid compounds as anti-biofilm agents","volume":"15","author":"Perov","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00453-12","article-title":"Epithelial cells augment barrier function via activation of the toll-like receptor 2\/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway upon recognition of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium curli fibrils in the gut","volume":"81","author":"Oppong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00911-12","article-title":"Microbial amyloids induce interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-22 responses via Toll-like receptor 2 activation in the intestinal mucosa","volume":"80","author":"Nishimori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2024.03.013","article-title":"Serum amyloid A3 fuels a feed-forward inflammatory response to the bacterial amyloid curli in the enteric nervous system","volume":"18","author":"Verstraelen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53111","article-title":"A gut bacterial amyloid promotes \u03b1-synuclein aggregation and motor impairment in mice","volume":"9","author":"Sampson","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04825.x","article-title":"CsgA is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium that is recognized by Toll-like receptor 2","volume":"58","author":"Tukel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24592","article-title":"DNA damage and repair in Parkinson's disease: recent advances and new opportunities","volume":"99","author":"Gonzalez-Hunt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0723-5","article-title":"Early neuronal accumulation of DNA double strand breaks in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Shanbhag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02109-8","article-title":"DNA double-strand break accumulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: evidence from experimental models and postmortem human brains","volume":"58","author":"Thadathil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.07.003","article-title":"Dysbiotic proteobacteria expansion: a microbial signature of epithelial dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Litvak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.638867","article-title":"Microbiome or infections: amyloid-containing biofilms as a trigger for complex human diseases","volume":"12","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008591","article-title":"In vivo synthesis of bacterial amyloid curli contributes to joint inflammation during S. Typhimurium infection","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41400","article-title":"Persistent bacteriuria and antibodies recognizing Curli\/eDNA complexes from escherichia coli are linked to flares in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"72","author":"Pachucki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheuma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050071","article-title":"Identification and localization of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer's brain","volume":"187","author":"Balin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12184","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708805114","article-title":"Inhibition of curli assembly and Escherichia coli biofilm formation by the human systemic amyloid precursor transthyretin","volume":"114","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.05.020","article-title":"Responses to amyloids of microbial and host origin are mediated through Toll-like receptor 2","volume":"6","author":"Tukel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006315","article-title":"Bacterial amyloid curli acts as a carrier for DNA to elicit an autoimmune response via TLR2 and TLR9","volume":"13","author":"Tursi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.002","article-title":"Amyloid-DNA composites of bacterial biofilms stimulate autoimmunity","volume":"42","author":"Gallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.07.002","article-title":"Bacterial amyloids: the link between bacterial infections and autoimmunity","author":"Nicastro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.004","article-title":"Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae with central nervous system disease","volume":"5","author":"Stratton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003740","article-title":"Disease to dirt: the biology of microbial amyloids","volume":"9","author":"Hufnagel","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2007.01418.x","article-title":"Amyloid adhesins are abundant in natural biofilms","volume":"9","author":"Larsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5145","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602304104","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces pili during human infection","volume":"104","author":"Alteri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910560107","article-title":"Amyloid fibers provide structural integrity to Bacillus subtilis biofilms","volume":"107","author":"Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002744","article-title":"Functional amyloids composed of phenol soluble modulins stabilize Staphylococcus aureus biofilms","volume":"8","author":"Schwartz","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07269.x","article-title":"Functional amyloid in Pseudomonas","volume":"77","author":"Dueholm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2220684120","article-title":"Loss of insulin signaling in astrocytes exacerbates Alzheimer-like phenotypes in a 5xFAD mouse model","volume":"120","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03722-z","article-title":"Atherosclerosis is associated with plasma A\u03b2 levels in non-hypertension patients","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2021.102434","article-title":"Mitochondria-ER contacts and glucose: the powerhouse of Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"97","author":"Garcia-Alloza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.11.005","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes exaggerates features of Alzheimer's disease in APP transgenic mice","volume":"223","author":"Jolivalt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01600-z","article-title":"High-fat diet-induced diabetes couples to Alzheimer's disease through inflammation-activated C\/EBP\u03b2\/AEP pathway","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221287","article-title":"Associations of midlife lifestyle and health factors with long-term changes in blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and neurodegeneration","volume":"94","author":"Merten","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.6.1092","article-title":"Interactions of apolipoprotein E genotype, total cholesterol level, age, and sex in prediction of Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study","volume":"45","author":"Jarvik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000026149","article-title":"Serum total cholesterol, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele, and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Notkola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/153331750101600207","article-title":"Apolipoprotein-E gene polymorphism and lipid profiles in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Isbir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0720","article-title":"A cluster of cholesterol-related genes confers susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"66","author":"Papassotiropoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.12.001","article-title":"Long-term central pathology and cognitive impairment are exacerbated in a mixed model of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Infante-Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4062","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25074062","article-title":"Mulberry leaf compounds and gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: a study using network pharmacology, molecular dynamics simulation, and cellular assays","volume":"25","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215448","article-title":"Targeted metabolomic analysis in Alzheimer's disease plasma and brain tissue in non-hispanic whites","volume":"86","author":"Kaleck\u00fd","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib77","article-title":"Metabolic network analysis reveals altered bile acid synthesis and metabolism in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Baloni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2302801","article-title":"The contribution of age-related changes in the gut-brain axis to neurological disorders","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn3760","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation modulates distinct acetylcholine receptors on B cells and limits the germinal center response","volume":"10","author":"Kurata-Sato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221828","article-title":"Dietary inulin alters the gut microbiome, enhances systemic metabolism and reduces neuroinflammation in an APOE4 mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Hoffman","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0439-y","article-title":"Microbiome-host systems interactions: protective effects of propionate upon the blood-brain barrier","volume":"6","author":"Hoyles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19502-z","article-title":"Monobutyrin and monovalerin improve gut-blood-brain biomarkers and alter gut microbiota composition in high-fat fed apolipoprotein-E-knockout rats","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad029","article-title":"Metformin, cognitive function, and changes in the gut microbiome","volume":"45","author":"Rosell-D\u00edaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-024-00016-3","article-title":"Serum and CSF metabolomics analysis shows mediterranean Ketogenic Diet mitigates risk factors of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Schweickart","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Metab. Health Dis."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2022111515","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function and A\u03b2 pathology","volume":"42","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120714","article-title":"Brain targeted peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles for resveratrol delivery: impact on insulin resistance and gut microbiota in obesity-related Alzheimer's disease","volume":"310","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib87","article-title":"Effect of altered gene expression in lipid metabolism on cognitive improvement in patients with Alzheimer's dementia following fecal microbiota transplantation: a preliminary study","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00720-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota-host lipid crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: implications for disease progression and therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.794519","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition is related to AD pathology","volume":"12","author":"Verhaar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.10.1221","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood","volume":"28","author":"Cummings","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19960177","article-title":"Digestion and physiological properties of resistant starch in the human large bowel","volume":"75","author":"Cummings","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002207","article-title":"Regulation of short-chain fatty acid production","volume":"62","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib93","article-title":"Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function","volume":"80","author":"Salminen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.3.1031","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides","volume":"81","author":"Topping","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504978102","article-title":"Obesity alters gut microbial ecology","volume":"102","author":"Ley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"7122","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","article-title":"An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest","volume":"21","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.02.015","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome","volume":"3","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2421","article-title":"Brain foods: the effects of nutrients, on brain function","volume":"9","author":"G\u00f3mez-Pinilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib99","article-title":"Gut microbiome association with brain imaging markers, APOE genotype, calcium and vegetable intakes, and obesity in healthy aging adults","volume":"15","author":"Hammond","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.10.018","article-title":"Regulation of an antioxidant blend on intestinal redox status and major microbiota in early weaned piglets","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00176","article-title":"Gut microbiota, nitric oxide, and microglia as prerequisites for neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"8","author":"Tse","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib102","first-page":"4730539","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease, Depression, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Oxidative Stress","volume":"2019","author":"Luca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib103","first-page":"24","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid fermentation products of the gut microbiome: implications in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"23","author":"Macfabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Micro Ecol. Health Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2018.1427764","article-title":"High glucose induces inflammatory responses in HepG2 cells via the oxidative stress-mediated activation of NF-\u03baB, and MAPK pathways in HepG2 cells","volume":"124","author":"Panahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.11.002","article-title":"Butyrate modulates oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa of healthy humans","volume":"28","author":"Hamer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.02.007","article-title":"Mitochondria: a target for bacteria","volume":"94","author":"Lobet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13419","article-title":"Altered intestinal microbiota-host mitochondria crosstalk in new onset Crohn's disease","volume":"7","author":"Mottawea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00833-4","article-title":"Metformin: update on mechanisms of action and repurposing potential","volume":"19","author":"Foretz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1053-5","article-title":"Metformin and the intestine","volume":"51","author":"Bailey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2211933120","article-title":"Metformin acts in the gut and induces gut-liver crosstalk","volume":"120","author":"Tobar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4301-2","article-title":"Differential metformin dose-dependent effects on cognition in rats: role of Akt","volume":"233","author":"Mostafa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.08.013","article-title":"Metformin activation of AMPK-dependent pathways is neuroprotective in human neural stem cells against Amyloid-beta-induced mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"347","author":"Chiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.3.489","article-title":"Effect of metformin on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and leptin levels in obese nondiabetic subjects","volume":"24","author":"Mannucci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0381","article-title":"Metformin enhances glucagon-like peptide 1 via cooperation between insulin and Wnt signaling","volume":"220","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(85)90011-6","article-title":"Lipids of nervous tissue: composition and metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Sastry","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adc9317","article-title":"Brain lipidomics: from functional landscape to clinical significance","volume":"8","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00382","article-title":"Intracellular cholesterol trafficking and impact in neurodegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Arenas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.274142","article-title":"Comparative lipidomic analysis of mouse and human brain with Alzheimer disease","volume":"287","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.1215","article-title":"Mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids derived from gut microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"11","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00536-w","article-title":"The role of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Bossaerts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12637","article-title":"Cholesterol as a causative factor in Alzheimer's disease: a debatable hypothesis","volume":"129","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.01.025","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulation in Alzheimer's disease: focus on lipid metabolism","volume":"41","author":"Bonfili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11560","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911560","article-title":"Comparative metagenomics and metabolomes reveals abnormal metabolism activity Is associated with gut microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease mice","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.001","article-title":"Evidence of altered phosphatidylcholine metabolism in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"35","author":"Whiley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(02)00253-6","article-title":"The importance of the ratio of omega-6\/omega-3 essential fatty acids","volume":"56","author":"Simopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12154","article-title":"Dietary fatty acids and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: observations from the Washington Heights-Hamilton Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP)","volume":"16","author":"Gustafson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.12.002","article-title":"DHA and cholesterol containing diets influence Alzheimer-like pathology, cognition and cerebral vasculature in APPswe\/PS1dE9 mice","volume":"33","author":"Hooijmans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-0087-5","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of frontal, temporal and parietal neocortex in the normal human brain and in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"35","author":"Fraser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000356211","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid receptor and its contribution to glucagon-like peptide-1 release","volume":"89","author":"Kaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"7268","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08530","article-title":"Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43","volume":"461","author":"Maslowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3444","article-title":"Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis","volume":"20","author":"Trompette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110579","article-title":"Candida rugosa lipase alters the gastrointestinal environment in wild-type mice","volume":"130","author":"Menden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600275R","article-title":"Effects of bile acids on neurological function and disease","volume":"30","author":"McMillin","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.217","article-title":"Altered bile acid profile associates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease-an emerging role for gut microbiome","volume":"15","author":"MahmoudianDehkordi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.08.012","article-title":"Altered bile acid profile in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: relationship to neuroimaging and CSF biomarkers","volume":"15","author":"Nho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.01.159","article-title":"Bile acids permeabilize the blood brain barrier after bile duct ligation in rats via Rac1-dependent mechanisms","volume":"46","author":"Quinn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo7020028","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of bile acids in clinical and experimental samples of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"7","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wnsx.2024.100328","article-title":"Drug resistant epilepsy and ketogenic diet: a narrative review of mechanisms of action","volume":"22","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg. X"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib139","first-page":"13","article-title":"Ketogenic diet-produced \u03b2-hydroxybutyric acid accumulates brain GABA and increases GABA\/glutamate ratio to inhibit epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.015","article-title":"Altered gut microbiome composition in children with refractory epilepsy after ketogenic diet","volume":"145","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i33.6164","article-title":"Ketogenic diet poses a significant effect on imbalanced gut microbiota in infants with refractory epilepsy","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.032","article-title":"Modified mediterranean-ketogenic diet modulates gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in association with Alzheimer's disease markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"47","author":"Nagpal","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102950","article-title":"Gut mycobiome and its interaction with diet, gut bacteria and Alzheimer\u2019s disease markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study","volume":"59","author":"Nagpal","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.09.015","article-title":"Modified ketogenic diet is associated with improved cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profile, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral ketone body uptake in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study","volume":"86","author":"Neth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4805","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13007","article-title":"Effects of a ketogenic and low-fat diet on the human metabolome, microbiome, and foodome in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"19","author":"Dilmore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-024-00016-3","article-title":"Serum and CSF metabolomics analysis shows mediterranean ketogenic diet mitigates risk factors of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Schweickart","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Metab. Health Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2323752","article-title":"A modified Mediterranean-style diet enhances brain function via specific gut-microbiome-brain mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30028","volume":"6","author":"Minter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12637","article-title":"Therapeutic role of rifampicin in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"72","author":"Yulug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160819124206","article-title":"The Anti-inflammatory role of minocycline in Alzheimer\u00b4s disease","volume":"13","author":"Budni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8505-8","article-title":"Targeting the mTOR signaling network for Alzheimer's disease therapy","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1856-1","article-title":"Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Payne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264649","article-title":"Association of midlife antibiotic use with subsequent cognitive function in women","volume":"17","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150102","article-title":"Plasma fatty acid profiles in relation to cognition and gender in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease patients during oral Omega-3 Fatty Acid supplementation: The OmegAD Study","volume":"48","author":"Eriksdotter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.10.1402","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD study: a randomized double-blind trial","volume":"63","author":"Freund-Levi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1510","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: A randomized trial","volume":"304","author":"Quinn","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130722","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial of omega-3 fatty acids and alpha lipoic acid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Shinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24600","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161024600","article-title":"No effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid supplementation on cognition and mood in individuals with cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600677rr","article-title":"Increased intermediate M1-M2 macrophage polarization and improved cognition in mild cognitive impairment patients on \u03c9-3 supplementation","volume":"31","author":"Famenini","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00256","article-title":"Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function and metabolic status in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, bouble-blind and controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Akbari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa056","article-title":"Metformin reduces aging-related leaky gut and improves gognitive function by beneficially modulating gut microbiome\/goblet cell\/mucin axis","volume":"75","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01567-1","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila, which is enriched in the gut microbiota by metformin, improves cognitive function in aged mice by reducing the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.02.011","article-title":"Metformin restores hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory via regulating gut microbiota in the obese mouse model","volume":"95","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155941","article-title":"Metformin-induced changes in the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome are associated with cognition in men","volume":"157","author":"Rosell-D\u00edaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-024-10142-w","article-title":"Semaglutide attenuates anxious and depressive-like behaviors and reverses the cognitive impairment in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus mouse model via the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"19","author":"de Paiva","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17891","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on gut microbiota, cognitive function and inflammation in obese mice","volume":"12","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8661","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14313","article-title":"Associations of semaglutide with first-time diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: target trial emulation using nationwide real-world data in the US","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib168","unstructured":"Edison P., Femminella G.D., Ritchie C., Holmes C., Nowell J., Walker Z., Ridha B., Raza S., Livingston N.R., Frangou E., Love S., Williams G., Lawrence R., Mcfarlane B., Archer H., Coulthard E., Underwood B.R., Koranteng P., Karim S., Bannister C., Perneczky R., Prasanna A., Junaid K., McGuinness B., Nilforooshan R., Macharouthu A., Donaldson A., Thacker S., Russell G., Malik N., Mate V., Knight L., Kshemendran S., Holscher C., Mansouri A., Mae Chester-Jones L., Holmes J., Tan T., Williams S., Brooks D.J., Harrison J., Hinz R., Tadros G., Passmore A.P., Ballard C. Evaluation of Novel GLP-1 analogue in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Assocation International Conference July 28-August 1 2024, Philadelphia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.07.015","article-title":"Lixisenatide, a drug developed to treat type 2 diabetes, shows neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"86","author":"McClean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20952011","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as neuroprotective agents for ischemic stroke: a systematic scoping review","volume":"41","author":"Maskery","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9583","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179583","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory effects of GLP-1 receptor activation in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"23","author":"Diz-Chaves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01090-x","article-title":"Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11110599","article-title":"Encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles enhances the enzymatic stability and the permeability of the GLP-1 analog, liraglutide, across a culture model of intestinal permeability","volume":"11","author":"Ismail","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8044","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204953","article-title":"The alleviating effect and mechanism of GLP-1 on ulcerative colitis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661825001185?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661825001185?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T19:32:17Z","timestamp":1745695937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661825001185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":174,"alternative-id":["S1043661825001185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"IUPHAR review: From gut to brain: The role of gut dysbiosis, bacterial amyloids, and metabolic disease in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107693","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107693"}}