{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:26:18Z","timestamp":1792092378720,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014745","name":"University College Cork APC Microbiome Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2273_P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2273_P2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C43C22000380007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C43C22000380007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECS00000041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016114","name":"University of Teramo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016114","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:55:40Z","timestamp":1753890940000},"page":"107891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["New Insights into the oral microbiota and host epigenetic changes in obsessive compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder: Focus on BDNF"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Girella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Vismara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"O'Riordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoin","family":"Gunnigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mercante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaja","family":"Girone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Pucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Gatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fani","family":"Konstantinidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liborio","family":"Stuppia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Cryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Dell\u2019Osso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"D\u2019Addario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.171","article-title":"Effects of deep brain stimulation on prepulse inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"5","author":"Kohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","article-title":"Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report","volume":"163","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.703701","article-title":"Comorbidities in obsessive-compulsive disorder across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2023.2265066","article-title":"Considerations for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients who have comorbid major depression","volume":"23","author":"H\u00fchne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837","article-title":"Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence","volume":"60","author":"Costello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in The National comorbidity survey replication","volume":"15","author":"Ruscio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.05.020","article-title":"Comorbidity in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD): a report from the international college of obsessive\u2013compulsive spectrum disorders (ICOCS)","volume":"55","author":"Lochner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2002.32355","article-title":"Comorbid conditions in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"43","author":"T\u00fckel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib10","article-title":"Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain","volume":"360","author":"Anttila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science (80. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01057-4","article-title":"Genetic architecture of 11 major psychiatric disorders at biobehavioral, functional genomic and molecular genetic levels of analysis","volume":"54","author":"Grotzinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.09.006","article-title":"Comorbid major depression in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients","volume":"52","author":"Quarantini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.03.002","article-title":"Suicidality in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Angelakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.10.040","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic architecture of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder: in search of possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers","volume":"137","author":"Bellia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.33000","article-title":"Polygene by environment interactions predicting depressive outcomes","volume":"198","author":"Grillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00068","article-title":"Gene\u00e2\u20ac\u201cEnvironment interaction in major depression: focus on experience-dependent biological systems","volume":"6","author":"Lopizzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9368","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i31.9368","article-title":"Gene \u00d7 environment interaction in major depressive disorder","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.G. Dinan, M.I. Butler, J.F. Cryan, Psychobiotics: Evolution of Novel Antidepressants, in, 2021, pp. 134\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000510424.","DOI":"10.1159\/000510424"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176014","article-title":"Implication of microbiota gut-brain axis in the manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder: preclinical and clinical evidence","volume":"957","author":"Kamble","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.A. Lachmansingh, A. Lavelle, J.F. Cryan, G. Clarke, Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Antidepressant Treatment, in, 2023, pp. 175\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2023_449.","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2023_449"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib21","article-title":"Gut microbiota associated with effectiveness and responsiveness to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in improving trait anxiety","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1089\/biores.2017.0020","article-title":"Gut microbiota and salivary diagnostics: the mouth is salivating to tell us something","volume":"6","author":"Kodukula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biores. Open Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03122-4","article-title":"Probing the oral-brain connection: oral microbiome patterns in a large community cohort with anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms, and periodontal outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Malan-M\u00fcller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020846","article-title":"Is there a link between oropharyngeal microbiome and schizophrenia? A narrative review","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.722335","article-title":"The complex molecular picture of gut and oral microbiota\u2013brain-depression system: what we know and what we need to know","volume":"12","author":"Scassellati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05480-9","article-title":"Changes in the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"12","author":"Dom\u00e8nech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94498-6","article-title":"Variations in the oral microbiome are associated with depression in young adults","volume":"11","author":"Wingfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2015.018","article-title":"Clinical and diagnostic utility of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Soares Nunes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586422","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2019.1586422","article-title":"Can oral bacteria affect the microbiome of the gut?","volume":"11","author":"Olsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2016.38","article-title":"Saliva in the diagnosis of diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.2022407","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation by gut microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Woo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-022-01264-0","article-title":"Regulation of oxytocin receptor gene expression in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a possible role for the microbiota-host epigenetic axis","volume":"14","author":"D\u2019Addario","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa081","article-title":"Serotonin transporter gene promoter hypomethylation as a predictor of antidepressant treatment response in major depression: a replication study","volume":"24","author":"Schiele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2007.05.004","article-title":"Dissecting the human BDNF locus: bidirectional transcription, complex splicing, and multiple promoters","volume":"90","author":"Pruunsild","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.07.009","article-title":"Epigenetic modulation of BDNF gene in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"73","author":"D\u2019Addario","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.016","article-title":"DNA methylations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor exon VI are associated with major depressive disorder and antidepressant-induced remission in females","volume":"295","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.04.006","article-title":"Exploring the role of BDNF DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"114","author":"D\u2019Addario","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5782","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867328666211208115536","article-title":"In search for biomarkers in obsessive-compulsive disorder: new evidence on saliva as a practical source of DNA to assess epigenetic regulation","volume":"29","author":"D\u2019Addario","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0601-8","article-title":"BDNF genetic variants and methylation: effects on cognition in major depressive disorder","volume":"9","author":"Ferrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00511","article-title":"BDNF plasma levels and BDNF exon IV promoter methylation as predictors for antidepressant treatment response","volume":"9","author":"Lieb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.05.026","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a biomarker for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib42","first-page":"98","article-title":"Can miRNA expression levels predict treatment resistance to serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder?","volume":"32","author":"Pirdogan Aydin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-5217","article-title":"Dysregulated plasma levels of miRNA-132 and miRNA-134 in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"8","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.R. Fries, W. Zhang, D. Benevenuto, J. Quevedo, MicroRNAs in Major Depressive Disorder, in, 2019, pp. 175\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-05542-4_9.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05542-4_9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111659","article-title":"MicroRNAs as critical biomarkers of major depressive disorder: a comprehensive perspective","volume":"9","author":"Ortega","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04442-9","article-title":"Assessing the expression of two post-transcriptional BDNF regulators, TTP and miR-16 in the peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"22","author":"Asadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.11.090","article-title":"Changes in miRNA-132 and miR-124 levels in non-treated and citalopram-treated patients with depression","volume":"227","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02935-7","article-title":"Late-onset major depressive disorder: exploring the therapeutic potential of enhancing cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression through targeted microRNA delivery","volume":"14","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.02.018","article-title":"Peripheral BDNF correlated with miRNA in BD-II patients","volume":"136","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.09.025","article-title":"Antidepressant treatment increased serum miR-183 and miR-212 levels in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"270","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.041","article-title":"Association between plasma levels of BDNF and GDNF and the diagnosis, treatment response in first-episode MDD","volume":"315","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031294","article-title":"A systematic review of circulatory microRNAs in major depressive disorder: potential biomarkers for disease prognosis","volume":"23","author":"Rasheed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0773-2","article-title":"Circulating microRNA 134 sheds light on the diagnosis of major depressive disorder","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyae039","article-title":"Evidence for the contribution of the miR-206\/BDNF pathway in the pathophysiology of depression","volume":"27","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.02.063","article-title":"Emerging role of microRNAs in major depressive disorder and its implication on diagnosis and therapeutic response","volume":"286","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84501-5","article-title":"Prognostic plasma exosomal microRNA biomarkers in patients with substance use disorders presenting comorbid with anxiety and depression","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-020-00464-9","article-title":"Exploiting circulating MicroRNAs as biomarkers in psychiatric disorders","volume":"24","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2017.0013","article-title":"Faecal microRNAs: indicators of imbalance at the host-microbe interface?","volume":"9","author":"Moloney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav1892","article-title":"The gut microbiota regulates White adipose tissue inflammation and obesity via a family of microRNAs","volume":"11","author":"Virtue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5","article-title":"MicroRNAs","volume":"116","author":"Bartel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046921","article-title":"Abnormal hippocampal BDNF and miR-16 expression is associated with Depression-Like behaviors induced by stress during early life","volume":"7","author":"Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.175","article-title":"Chronic corticosterone-mediated dysregulation of microRNA network in prefrontal cortex of rats: relevance to depression pathophysiology","volume":"5","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6203","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176203","article-title":"Potential associations among alteration of salivary miRNAs, saliva microbiome structure, and cognitive impairments in autistic children","volume":"21","author":"Ragusa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4263","article-title":"miR-191 and miR-135 are required for long-lasting spine remodelling associated with synaptic long-term depression","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1628-x","article-title":"miR-1, miR-10b, miR-155, and miR-191 are novel regulators of BDNF","volume":"71","author":"Varendi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib66","first-page":"1073","article-title":"MicroRNA-202-3p targets Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor and is involved in Depression-Like behaviors","volume":"16","author":"Xin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.190667","article-title":"Gut microbiota-brain axis","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl. )."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2023.311","article-title":"A comparison between two rTMS protocols as augmentation strategies in patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"66","author":"Larini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5712","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170505113631","article-title":"New directions in the use of brain stimulation interventions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"25","author":"Dell\u2019Osso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.109318","article-title":"Are neuromodulation interventions associated with changes in the gut microbiota? A systematic review","volume":"223","author":"Korenblik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20189","article-title":"The development of the ICD-11 clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines for mental and behavioural disorders","volume":"14","author":"First","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007","article-title":"The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale","volume":"46","author":"Goodman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1388","article-title":"The structure of the Montgomery\u2013\u00c5sberg depression rating scale over the course of treatment for depression","volume":"22","author":"Quilty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib74","article-title":"The hamilton rating scale for depression","volume":"65","author":"Sharp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Med. (Chic. Ill. )."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib75","article-title":"Maxwell, a model for qualitative research design","volume":"62","author":"Maxwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Des. Interact. Approach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Electroencephalographic Society guidelines for standard electrode position nomenclature., J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 8, 1991, pp. 200\u2013202.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199104000-00007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-77572016-0046","article-title":"Human DNA extraction from whole saliva that was fresh or stored for 3, 6 or 12 months using five different protocols","volume":"25","author":"Garbieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00683","article-title":"On the role of adenosine A2A receptor gene transcriptional regulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Falconi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04117-9","article-title":"Fatty acid amide hydrolase and cannabinoid receptor type 1 genes regulation is modulated by social isolation in rats","volume":"49","author":"Girella","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-15","article-title":"Unifying the analysis of high-throughput sequencing datasets: characterizing RNA-seq, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and selective growth experiments by compositional data analysis","volume":"2","author":"Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib84","first-page":"1451","article-title":"iNEXT: an r package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity ( <scp>H<\/scp> ill numbers), methods","volume":"7","author":"Hsieh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01456-3","article-title":"A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"McGuinness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200728","article-title":"Reduced microbiome alpha diversity in young patients with ADHD","volume":"13","author":"Prehn-Kristensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.12.007","article-title":"Differences in fecal microbial metabolites and microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"49","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0922-1","article-title":"Autism and ADHD symptoms in patients with OCD: are they associated with specific OC symptom dimensions or OC symptom severity?","volume":"40","author":"Anholt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3369","article-title":"Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity","volume":"352","author":"Zhernakova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science (80. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0337-x","article-title":"The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression","volume":"4","author":"Valles-Colomer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02670-5","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition in depressive disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34504-1","article-title":"The gut microbiota and depressive symptoms across ethnic groups","volume":"13","author":"Bosch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.07.007","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"104","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.01.016","article-title":"Exploration of microbiota targets for major depressive disorder and mood related traits","volume":"111","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15934","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415934","article-title":"Involvement of intestinal microbiota in adult neurogenesis and the expression of Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"23","author":"Agnihotri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2024.110954","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels across psychiatric disorders: a systemic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. NeuroPsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpsych.2021.111003","article-title":"Serum levels of Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in a Japanese population","volume":"11","author":"Akimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01690-6","article-title":"Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder in medication\u2011free children","volume":"31","author":"Bilgi\u00e7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2006.01519.x","article-title":"Successful treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder with addition of low-dose risperidone to fluvoxamine: implications for plasma levels of catecholamine metabolites and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels","volume":"60","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.03.034","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"199","author":"Fontenelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00308","article-title":"Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor and major depressive disorder: evidence from meta-analyses","volume":"8","author":"Kishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105159","article-title":"The role of BDNF in major depressive disorder, related clinical features, and antidepressant treatment: insight from meta-analyses","volume":"149","author":"Cavaleri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050568","article-title":"Abnormal Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor exon IX promoter methylation, protein, and mRNA levels in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"8","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201300104","article-title":"MicroRNA binding sites in the coding region of mRNAs: extending the repertoire of post-transcriptional gene regulation","volume":"36","author":"Br\u00fcmmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/970607","article-title":"Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated gene regulation from common downregulation to mRNA-Specific upregulation","volume":"2014","author":"Valinezhad Orang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.01.038","article-title":"AU-rich-element-mediated upregulation of translation by FXR1 and argonaute 2","volume":"128","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00889-14","article-title":"Revealing the bacterial butyrate synthesis pathways by analyzing (Meta)genomic data","volume":"5","author":"Vital","year":"2014","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8090","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.23.8090","article-title":"Cellular and viral DNA hypomethylation associated with induction of Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle","volume":"82","author":"Szyf","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib109","article-title":"Bacterial DNA methyltransferase: a key to the epigenetic world with lessons learned from proteobacteria","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib110","article-title":"Integrative methylome and transcriptome analysis reveals epigenetic regulation of fusobacterium nucleatum in laryngeal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1048333","article-title":"Epigenetics in depression and gut-brain axis: a molecular crosstalk","volume":"14","author":"Begum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1065","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00551.2012","article-title":"More than just a gut instinct\u2013the potential interplay between a baby\u2019s nutrition, its gut microbiome, and the epigenome","volume":"304","author":"Mischke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7502","article-title":"Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation","volume":"7","author":"Hasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11091075","article-title":"MicroRNAs regulate intestinal immunity and gut microbiota for gastrointestinal health: a comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Bi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661825003160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661825003160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T10:44:46Z","timestamp":1772880286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661825003160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S1043661825003160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New Insights into the oral microbiota and host epigenetic changes in obsessive compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder: Focus on BDNF","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107891","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107891"}}