{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:46:38Z","timestamp":1789019198516,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20229ZA2YF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20229ZA2YF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024370","name":"Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T09:36:11Z","timestamp":1763631371000},"page":"108036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Psychotropic effects of GLP-1R agonists"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Loredana","family":"Bucciarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7547-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Dell\u2019Osso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Fiorina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105782","article-title":"Anti-diabetic drugs and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"171","author":"Lazzaroni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.107040","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus pharmacological remission with dapagliflozin plus oral semaglutide","volume":"199","author":"Lunati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz323","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: from mechanistic studies in humans to clinical outcomes","volume":"116","author":"Heuvelman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.05.001","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor is a T cell-negative costimulatory molecule","volume":"36","author":"Ben Nasr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106320","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory and immunological properties of GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"182","author":"Bendotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02466-4","article-title":"Comparative outcomes of systemic diseases in people with type 2 diabetes, or obesity alone treated with and without GLP-1 receptor agonists: a retrospective cohort study from the Global Collaborative Network: Author list","volume":"48","author":"Nassar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-33","article-title":"Drugs developed to treat diabetes, liraglutide and lixisenatide, cross the blood brain barrier and enhance neurogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Hunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.107748","article-title":"The diabetes drug semaglutide reduces infarct size, inflammation, and apoptosis, and normalizes neurogenesis in a rat model of stroke","volume":"158","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.12.003","article-title":"Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity","volume":"103","author":"Kanoski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00584","article-title":"Dissecting the physiology and pathophysiology of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"9","author":"Paternoster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0153","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors expressed on nerve terminals in the portal vein mediate the effects of endogenous GLP-1 on glucose tolerance in rats","volume":"148","author":"Vahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02189-1","article-title":"Distribution and ultrastructural localization of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the rat brain","volume":"226","author":"Farkas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00914-3","article-title":"Activation of arcuate nucleus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-expressing neurons suppresses food intake","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1443","article-title":"GLP-1 neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract project directly to the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens to control for food intake","volume":"153","author":"Alhadeff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0729","article-title":"Preproglucagon neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract are the main source of brain GLP-1, mediate stress-induced hypophagia, and limit unusually large intakes of food","volume":"68","author":"Holt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1824","article-title":"Arcuate glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors regulate glucose homeostasis but not food intake","volume":"57","author":"Sandoval","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01294-x","article-title":"GIPR agonism and antagonism decrease body weight and food intake via different mechanisms in male mice","volume":"7","author":"Gutgesell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13199","article-title":"Effects of the GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 on intravenous ethanol self-administration in mice","volume":"40","author":"Sorensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.06.013","article-title":"The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin-4 reduces cocaine self-administration in mice","volume":"149","author":"Sorensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13117","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, reduces heroin self-administration and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats","volume":"27","author":"Douton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.2021.2554.2","article-title":"Investigating the glucagon-like peptide-1 and its receptor in human brain: distribution of expression, functional implications, age-related changes and species specific characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01090-x","article-title":"Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0535-5","article-title":"Liraglutide improves memory in obese patients with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"44","author":"Vadini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J. Obes."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01645-y","article-title":"Anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01666-7","article-title":"evoke and evoke+: design of two large-scale, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies evaluating efficacy, safety, and tolerability of semaglutide in early-stage symptomatic Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Cummings","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.04.031","article-title":"Liraglutide attenuates the depressive- and anxiety-like behaviour in the corticosterone induced depression model via improving hippocampal neural plasticity","volume":"1694","author":"Weina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14063","article-title":"Liraglutide treatment reduced interleukin-6 in adults with type 1 diabetes but did not improve established autonomic or polyneuropathy","volume":"85","author":"Brock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119523","article-title":"Reduction in TNF alpha and oxidative stress by liraglutide: impact on ketamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and hyperlocomotion in rats","volume":"278","author":"Sedky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104772","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor regulation of basal dopamine transporter activity is species-dependent","volume":"138","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010038","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation inhibits microglial pyroptosis via promoting mitophagy to alleviate depression-like behaviors in diabetic mice","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326897","article-title":"Semaglutide ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in mouse model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.12659\/MSMBR.891168","article-title":"Exenatide treatment exerts anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects and reverses neuropathy in a mouse model of type-2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Komsuoglu Celikyurt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci. Monit. Basic Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06376-w","article-title":"Liraglutide attenuates nicotine self-administration as well as nicotine seeking and hyperphagia during withdrawal in male and female rats","volume":"240","author":"Herman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-23-0405","article-title":"The emerging role of glucagon-like peptide 1 in binge eating","volume":"262","author":"Balantekin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2003.08.010","article-title":"Binge-type eating induced by limited access in rats does not require energy restriction on the previous day","volume":"42","author":"Corwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R470","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00732.2002","article-title":"Gastric distension induces c-Fos in medullary GLP-1\/2-containing neurons","volume":"285","author":"Vrang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00344-4","article-title":"Central and peripheral GLP-1 systems independently suppress eating","volume":"3","author":"Brierley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43703","article-title":"Leptin receptor expression in hindbrain Glp-1 neurons regulates food intake and energy balance in mice","volume":"121","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.10.016","article-title":"Defined paraventricular hypothalamic populations exhibit differential responses to food contingent on caloric state","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1159\/000538792","article-title":"Systemic co-administration of low-dose oxytocin and glucagon-like peptide 1 additively decreases food intake and body weight","volume":"114","author":"Maejima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.04.014","article-title":"Critical role of STAT3 in leptin's metabolic actions","volume":"4","author":"Buettner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01168-8","article-title":"Molecular connectomics reveals a glucagon-like peptide 1-sensitive neural circuit for satiety","volume":"6","author":"Webster","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.06.002","article-title":"Serotonergic modulation of the activity of GLP-1 producing neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract in mouse","volume":"6","author":"Holt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.08.010","article-title":"The antidepressant effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27412","article-title":"Functional reorganization of memory processing in the hippocampus is associated with neuroprotector GLP-1 levels in type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Canario","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.721135","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists: beyond their pancreatic effects","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01270","article-title":"Alleviation of depression by glucagon-like peptide 1 through the regulation of neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters, neurogenesis, and synaptic function","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib48","article-title":"Decreased risk of anxiety in diabetic patients receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: a nationwide, population-based cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.11.021","article-title":"GLP-1 is both anxiogenic and antidepressant; divergent effects of acute and chronic GLP-1 on emotionality","volume":"65","author":"Anderberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12711","article-title":"No cognitive-enhancing effect of GLP-1 receptor agonism in antipsychotic-treated, obese patients with schizophrenia","volume":"136","author":"Ishoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.252","article-title":"The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Gariepy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110991","article-title":"A bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Mersha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1874-x","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the onset of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Nouwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00985-w","article-title":"Effect of orally administered semaglutide versus dulaglutide on diabetes-related quality of life in japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER 10 randomized, active-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Ishii","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13522","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for antipsychotic-associated cardio-metabolic risk factors: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Siskind","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01196.x","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes following treatment with the human GLP-1 analogue liraglutide or glimepiride in monotherapy: results from a randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Bode","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.11.019","article-title":"A systematic review in effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mono-agonists on functional connectivity: Target engagement and rationale for the development in mental disorders","volume":"370","author":"Au","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib58","article-title":"Can GLP-1 be a target for reward system related disorders? A qualitative synthesis and systematic review analysis of studies on palatable food, drugs of abuse, and alcohol","volume":"14","author":"Eren-Yazicioglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2015.03.005","article-title":"Improvement in binge eating in non-diabetic obese individuals after 3 months of treatment with liraglutide - A pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Robert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes. Res Clin. Pr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.009","article-title":"Dulaglutide reduces binge episodes in type 2 diabetic patients with binge eating disorder: A pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Da Porto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-024-02392-0","article-title":"A qualitative study of the mental health outcomes in people being treated for obesity and type 2 diabetes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists","volume":"62","author":"Pierret","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22653","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide and behavioral weight loss on food cravings, eating behaviors, and eating disorder psychopathology","volume":"27","author":"Chao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.619","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.0 mg for binge eating disorder","volume":"9","author":"Allison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes. Sci. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib64","article-title":"Successful treatment of binge eating disorder with the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Richards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes. Pillars"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"82","author":"Hendershot","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086454","article-title":"Does semaglutide reduce alcohol intake in Danish patients with alcohol use disorder and comorbid obesity? Trial protocol of a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the SEMALCO trial)","volume":"15","author":"Klausen","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib67","series-title":"Clinical Trial of Rybelsus (Semaglutide) Among Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)","author":"University of Colorado","year":"2025"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.159863","article-title":"Exenatide once weekly for alcohol use disorder investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Klausen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.170419","article-title":"Effects of dulaglutide on alcohol consumption during smoking cessation","volume":"8","author":"Probst","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2718","article-title":"Association of semaglutide with tobacco use disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes: target trial emulation using real-world data","volume":"177","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102429","article-title":"Effect of dulaglutide in promoting abstinence during smoking cessation: 12-month follow-up of a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial","volume":"68","author":"Luthi","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02498-5","article-title":"Association of semaglutide with reduced incidence and relapse of cannabis use disorder in real-world populations: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16679","article-title":"The association between glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and\/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescriptions and substance-related outcomes in patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders: A real-world data analysis","volume":"120","author":"Qeadan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108614","article-title":"Testing the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on cocaine self-administration and subjective responses in humans with cocaine use disorder","volume":"221","author":"Angarita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001147","article-title":"Feasibility of exenatide, a GLP-1R agonist, for treating cocaine use disorder: a case series study","volume":"17","author":"Yammine","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060617","article-title":"Exploring the potential impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on substance use, compulsive behavior, and libido: insights from social media using a mixed-methods approach","volume":"14","author":"Arillotta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management","volume":"373","author":"Pi-Sunyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.70037","article-title":"Association of GLP-1 receptor agonists with risk of suicidal ideation and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Bushi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib80","unstructured":"EMA, EMA statement on ongoing review of GLP-1 receptor agonists. 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2024.02.003","article-title":"Exploring the association between suicidal thoughts, self-injury, and GLP-1 receptor agonists in weight loss treatments: Insights from pharmacovigilance measures and unmasking analysis","volume":"82","author":"Guirguis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5183","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15864","article-title":"Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of suicidality: A comprehensive analysis of the global pharmacovigilance database","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03274-6","article-title":"Exploration of the potential association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and suicidal or self-injurious behaviors: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2023.2474","article-title":"Postmarket safety profile of suicide\/self-injury for GLP-1 receptor agonist: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06243-z","article-title":"Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with suicidal ideation and self-injury in individuals with diabetes and obesity: a propensity-weighted, population-based cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Hurtado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17020147","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists and suicidal ideation: analysis of real-word data collected in the european pharmacovigilance database","volume":"17","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.23385","article-title":"Disproportionality analysis from world health organization data on semaglutide, liraglutide, and suicidality","volume":"7","author":"Schoretsanitis","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12963","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric safety with liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management: Results from randomized controlled phase 2 and 3a trials","volume":"19","author":"O'Neil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02672-2","article-title":"Association of semaglutide with risk of suicidal ideation in a real-world cohort","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13547","article-title":"Impact of treatment with GLP-1RAs on suicide attempts in adults persons with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective comparative effectiveness study based on a global TriNetX health research database","volume":"16","author":"Nassar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104366182500461X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104366182500461X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:24:57Z","timestamp":1773332697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S104366182500461X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S104366182500461X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychotropic effects of GLP-1R agonists","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108036"}}