{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:16:15Z","timestamp":1783116975554,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32272299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32272299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFF1106100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFF1106100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:10:33Z","timestamp":1777590633000},"page":"108222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Recent insights into the protective effects of lactic acid bacteria on rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lusha","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingye","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengzhou","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis and the intestinal microbiome: probiotics as a potential therapy","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2025.102036","article-title":"A review on the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis: An update and trends from current literature","volume":"39","author":"Uke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.71428\/JHB.2025.0205","article-title":"Drug treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"1","author":"Othman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Health Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01777-x","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of the gut microbiome: diagnostic and therapeutic potential for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"25","author":"Abebaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0719-1","article-title":"A single bacterium restores the microbiome dysbiosis to protect bones from destruction in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.680073","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei CCFM1074 Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Balancing Treg\/Th17 and Modulating the Metabolites and Gut Microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib7","article-title":"Shared lung and joint T cell repertoire in early rheumatoid arthritis driven by cigarette smoking","author":"Venken","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103333","article-title":"Nutrition and its role in prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Nikiphorou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85035-6","article-title":"Red meat intake is associated with early onset of rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib10","article-title":"The relationship between the composite dietary antioxidant index and rheumatoid arthritis risk in American adults: the mediating role of BMI","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-021-02207-9","article-title":"Temperature might increase the hospital admission risk for rheumatoid arthritis patients in Anqing, China: a time-series study","volume":"66","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03615-5","article-title":"Sleep patterns, physical activity, genetic susceptibility, and incident rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bmc Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-005778","article-title":"Windows for intervention in the prearthritis phase of rheumatoid arthritis? A narrative review of key triggering events and potential preventive strategies","volume":"11","author":"Kastbom","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rmd Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1481089","article-title":"The emerging role of vascular endothelial cell-mediated angiogenesis in the imbalance of RA synovial microenvironment and its clinical relevance","volume":"16","author":"Huo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.11.009","article-title":"The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"55","author":"Alivernini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101791","article-title":"Delivery of neutrophil membrane encapsulated non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs by degradable biopolymer microneedle patch for rheumatoid arthritis therapy","volume":"49","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae008","article-title":"The Glucocorticoid Receptor: Isoforms, Functions, and Contribution to Glucocorticoid Sensitivity","volume":"45","author":"Lockett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.02.040","article-title":"Peptide targeting improves the delivery and therapeutic index of glucocorticoids to treat rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"368","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17020248","article-title":"Integrating Nanotechnological Advancements of Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs into Rheumatoid Arthritis Management","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib20","article-title":"A biomimetic, triggered-release micelle formulation of methotrexate and celastrol controls collagen-induced arthritis in mice","volume":"2","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMEMat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.54097\/ijbls.v3i1.9623","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy of bDMARDs and tsDMARDs for the Treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020255","article-title":"Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum -Mediated Bile Acid Metabolism to Prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis via the Gut-Joint Axis","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.08.006","article-title":"Lactobacillus sakei OK67 ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation and restoring Th17\/Treg cell balance","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.06.007","article-title":"Exploiting lactic acid bacteria for inflammatory bowel disease: A recent update","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. & Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib25","article-title":"Exploiting lactic acid bacteria for colorectal cancer: a recent update","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2012.0034","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus Regulate Inflammatory Pathway and Improve Antioxidant Status in Collagen-Induced Arthritic Rats","volume":"33","author":"Amdekar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09864-2","article-title":"Prophylactic effects of probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. in the resolution of inflammation in arthritic rats","volume":"103","author":"Achi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02477-8","article-title":"Lactobacillus sakei suppresses collagen-induced arthritis and modulates the differentiation of T helper 17 cells and regulatory B cells","volume":"18","author":"Jhun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13037","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05558","article-title":"Design of Diselenide-Bridged Hyaluronic Acid Nano-antioxidant for Efficient ROS Scavenging to Relieve Colitis","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acs Nano"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324060","article-title":"Comprehensive safety assessment and therapeutic potential of Pediococcus acidilactici NMCC-B in attenuating arthritis progression","volume":"20","author":"Zulfiqar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2025.106832","article-title":"The antioxidant strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BX62 alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via balancing immune homeostasis and modulating NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/IL-1\u03b2 and AKT\/mTOR pathways","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2024.100915","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BX 62 and its postbiotics in alleviating rheumatoid arthritis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00585-3","article-title":"The gut-joint axis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Zaiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roaf081","article-title":"Gut microbiota-immune axis in the regulation of rheumatoid arthritis: from mechanism to precision probiotic strategies","volume":"36","author":"Hao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib35","article-title":"Bifidobacterium animalis BD400 protects from collagen-induced arthritis through histidine metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14665","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04602","article-title":"Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Repairing the Intestinal Barrier Damage","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2021.e13","article-title":"Therapeutic Effects of Gleditsia sinensis Thorn Extract Fermented by Lactobacillus casei 3260 in a Type II Collagen-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Mouse Model","volume":"41","author":"Eor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Anim. Resour."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010297","article-title":"Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LS\/07 with Methotrexate Compared to Their Monotherapies Studied in Experimental Arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Pruzinsk\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1604180","article-title":"Soufeng sanjie formula alleviates bone erosion in CIA mice via inhibiting RANKL\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and ameliorates the RA symptom in patients","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040785","article-title":"Lactobacillus fermentum PC1 has the Capacity to Attenuate Joint Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis in DBA\/1 Mice","volume":"11","author":"Esvaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2016.0057","article-title":"Lactobacillus salivarius Isolated from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Suppresses Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Increases Treg Frequency in Mice","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-017-0370-z","article-title":"Anti-arthritic activity of cell wall content of Lactobacillus plantarum in freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats: involvement of cellular inflammatory mediators and other biomarkers","volume":"26","author":"Gohil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.562905","article-title":"Hsp65-Producing Lactococcocus lactis Prevents Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Gusmao-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.01.002","article-title":"Lactobacillus helveticus suppresses experimental rheumatoid arthritis by reducing inflammatory T cell responses","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.736196","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Bifidobacterium Identified Through Microbiome Profiling of RA Patients With Different RF Levels","volume":"12","author":"Jeong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15234861","article-title":"Gut-Joint Axis: Impact of Bifidobacterial Cell Wall Lipoproteins on Arthritis Development","volume":"15","author":"Piva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02691","article-title":"Delivery of IL-35 by Lactococcus lactis Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice","volume":"9","author":"Maddaloni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01159","article-title":"Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice","volume":"8","author":"Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103579","article-title":"Leuconostoc citreum isolated from kimchi suppresses the development of collagen-induced arthritis in DBA\/1 mice","volume":"63","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15333","article-title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HG20 attenuates II type collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats via anti-inflammatory and inhibition of apoptosis","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17819","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c05371","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B6MNI Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulating 5-HIAA and Pim-1\/JAK\/STAT3 Inflammation Pathways","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib52","first-page":"11820","article-title":"Changes in intestinal florae and serum inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis rats and the effects of probiotics","volume":"24","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO05273K","article-title":"Protective effect of a combination of multiple strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus on collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food & Funct."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02556A","article-title":"The prophylactic effects of different Lactobacilli on collagen-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food & Funct."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03543-6","article-title":"Smoking as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis: predominant association with IgA autoantibodies - comprehensive analysis of anti-modified protein antibodies with smoking and genetic risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"27","author":"van Wesemael","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib56","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic Lactobacillus brevis ZG2488 on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in mice","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115360","article-title":"Lutein attenuates rheumatoid arthritis progression by suppressing MAPK\/ NF-\u03baB signaling and MMP3 and MMP13 expression in fibroblast-like Synoviocytes","volume":"164","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120387","article-title":"Signal pathways in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"353","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157179","article-title":"Fibroblast activation protein-\u03b1 drives rheumatoid arthritis inflammation through the AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway and its therapeutic effect by Wangbi granules","volume":"147","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113402","article-title":"Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects of iridoid glucosides from Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) kudo on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by OPG\/RANKL\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"266","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22711-x","article-title":"COX-2\/PGE2 signaling drives Toxocara canis-induced lung pathology by enhancing plasminogen activator activity and collagen VI degradation","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib62","article-title":"The Alterations in and the Role of the Th17\/Treg Balance in Metabolic Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327756","article-title":"Gut commensal Parabacteroides distasonis alleviates inflammatory arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-23-1074","article-title":"Indole-3-pyruvic acid alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01209-8","article-title":"Potential mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a study based on network topology and machine learning","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53502-5","article-title":"Insight into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of marine bacterial natural exopolysaccharide (EPSSM) using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats","volume":"14","author":"El Awady","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-012-0170-5","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus Exopolysaccharide Ameliorates Arthritis Induced by the Systemic Injection of Collagen and Lipopolysaccharide in DBA\/1 Mice","volume":"60","author":"Nowak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Et. Ther. Exp."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23689","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203641","article-title":"Analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and identification of potential biomarkers","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging-Us"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1431367","article-title":"Mendelian randomization identifies causal associations between GWAS-associated bacteria and their metabolites and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib70","article-title":"All-trans retinoic acid alleviates collagen-induced arthritis and promotes intestinal homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2505114","article-title":"The intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota in IBD-associated arthritis displays lower relative abundance of Roseburia intestinalis","volume":"17","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12071387","article-title":"Exploring the Role of the Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Critical Review","volume":"12","author":"Ermencheva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib73","article-title":"Comparison of Intestinal Microbes in Noninfectious Anterior Scleritis Patients With and Without Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-256864","article-title":"Rhodococcus erythropolis septic arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Grant","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115099","article-title":"Investigating the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model","volume":"26","author":"Belvonc\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib76","article-title":"Characteristics of the Gut Microbiome and Its Relationship With Peripheral CD4+ T Cell Subpopulations and Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225306","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori upregulates PAD4 expression via stabilising HIF-1\u03b1 to exacerbate rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"83","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-11141-7","article-title":"Lycium barbarum polysaccharide alleviates osteoarthritis progression in mice DMM model by inhibiting chondrocytes ferroptosis and promoting the gut Lactobacillus\/Alistipes ratio","volume":"52","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2281382","article-title":"The gut-joint axis mediates the TNF-induced RA process and PBMT therapeutic effects through the metabolites of gut microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib80","article-title":"Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Remodeling on the Development and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150708","article-title":"Protective potential of Bacillus subtilis (NMCC-path-14) against extraarticular manifestations during acute and sub-acute phase of arthritis using mice model","volume":"733","author":"Mazhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-023-01108-7","article-title":"The Potential Role of Probiotics in the Management of Osteoarthritis Pain: Current Status and Future Prospects","volume":"25","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381241283812","article-title":"Physical Therapy for Knee Pain Relief Induces Changes in Gut Microbiome Composition: A Secondary Analysis of Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"17","author":"Kouraki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Health-a Multidiscip. Approach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140473","article-title":"The interaction between Angelica sinensis polysaccharide ASP-2pb and specific gut bacteria alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in rats","volume":"301","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S502980","article-title":"Disruption of Gut Microbiota and Associated Fecal Metabolites in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mice During the Early Stage","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040385","article-title":"Investigating Correlation Between Gut Microbiota and Rheumatoid Arthritis Subtypes by Mendelian Randomization","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib87","article-title":"Parabacteroides as a promising target for disease intervention: current stage and pending issues","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Biofilms Micro"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.09.007","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation improves inflammatory status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"Vaghef-Mehrabany","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-10-1","article-title":"Bacillus coagulans: a viable adjunct therapy for relieving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis according to a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Mandel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bmc Complement. Altern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12333","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus casei supplementation on disease activity and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Alipour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2014.959208","article-title":"Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Indices in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial","volume":"35","author":"Vaghef-Mehrabany","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2023.152415","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces CD8+T cell mediated inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"228","author":"Tripathy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib93","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Zamani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111282","article-title":"Mixture of probiotics reduces inflammatory biomarkers and improves the oxidative\/nitrosative profile in people with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"89","author":"Cannarella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521002051","article-title":"Synbiotic supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Expression of Concern of Vol 117, Pg 1095, 2017)","volume":"127","author":"Zamani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib96","first-page":"CR347","article-title":"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study of probiotics in active rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Pineda","year":"2011"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70539","article-title":"The Nrf2-GPX4 Pathway Provides Protection Against Rheumatoid Arthritis via Inhibition of Macrophage Ferroptosis-Mediated Inflammation and Synovial Fibroblast Proliferation","volume":"39","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-022-01210-z","article-title":"A systematic review on selection characterization and implementation of probiotics in human health","volume":"32","author":"Pramanik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.70020","article-title":"Associations of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1\/2 IgG Seropositivity and Arthritis Subtypes: Integrating Cross-Sectional Epidemiology and Genetic Association Analyses","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.01.006","article-title":"New thoughts on the gut\u2013immune axis of arthritis","volume":"46","author":"Thiran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib101","article-title":"Molecular Mimicry Between Gut Microbiome and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Concepts","volume":"12","author":"Muruganandam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2149020","article-title":"Dysbiotic but nonpathogenic shift in the fecal mycobiota of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114620","article-title":"Role of microbiota short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases","volume":"162","author":"Rasouli-Saravani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. & Pharmacother."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI195374","article-title":"Microbial threads in the tapestry of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"135","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib105","article-title":"CRISPR-Assisted Probiotic and In Situ Engineering of Gut Microbiota: A Prospect to Modification of Metabolic Disorders","author":"Rahmati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.242","article-title":"The rheumatoid arthritis gut microbial biobank reveals core microbial species that associate and effect on host inflammation and autoimmune responses","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Imeta"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib107","article-title":"Animal Models in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is There a Correlation Between Autoantibodies in Human Pathology and Animal Models?","volume":"14","author":"Marco-Bonilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. -Basel"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2022.22.e8","article-title":"Lessons From the Success and Failure of Targeted Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Perspectives for Effective Basic and Translational Research","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib109","first-page":"26","article-title":"Synovial organoids: From fundamental construction to groundbreaking applications in arthritic disorders","volume":"54","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401513","article-title":"Human MHC Class II and Invariant Chain Knock-in Mice Mimic Rheumatoid Arthritis with Allele Restriction in Immune Response and Arthritis Association","volume":"11","author":"Romero-Castillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020354","article-title":"Efficacy of Probiotics in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"14","author":"Sanchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.21182","article-title":"Therapeutical efficacy of immunobiotics in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Barac","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.711788","article-title":"Probiotic Supplementation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Promising Adjuvant Therapy in the Gut Microbiome Era","volume":"12","author":"Ferro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661826001374?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661826001374?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:21:15Z","timestamp":1783113675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661826001374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["S1043661826001374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Recent insights into the protective effects of lactic acid bacteria on rheumatoid arthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108222","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108222"}}