{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:03:46Z","timestamp":1789509826696,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:51:48Z","timestamp":1781625108000},"page":"108305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Harnessing edible extracellular vesicles for inflammatory bowel disease: From natural immunomodulators to bioengineered oral nanotherapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Congyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01097-1","article-title":"The global burden of inflammatory bowel disease: from 2025 to 2045","volume":"22","author":"Kaplan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.136","article-title":"Environmental triggers in IBD: a review of progress and evidence","volume":"15","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-026-01197-6","article-title":"Pathophysiology of colitis-associated colorectal cancer","author":"Neufert","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02345-1","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and interventional strategies","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00885-x","article-title":"Upgrading therapeutic ambitions and treatment outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Kotze","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-01035-7","article-title":"Understanding the therapeutic toolkit for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"22","author":"Vieujean","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302311","article-title":"Work disability in inflammatory bowel disease patients 10 years after disease onset: results from the IBSEN Study","volume":"62","author":"H\u00f8ivik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib8","first-page":"351","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"71","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Gastroenterol. Mex."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312912","article-title":"Next generation of small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"66","author":"Olivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114097","article-title":"Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers","volume":"182","author":"Haddadzadegan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.01.035","article-title":"Therapeutic application and potential mechanism of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02176-8","article-title":"Potential therapeutic effects of milk-derived exosomes on intestinal diseases","volume":"21","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-022-00006-4","article-title":"Bioinspired oral delivery devices","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106999","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of plant-derived extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers for exogenous miRNAs","volume":"198","author":"L\u00f3pez de Las Hazas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1595891","article-title":"Milk-derived extracellular vesicles: nature's nanocarriers for drug delivery and therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7152","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06005","article-title":"Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"448","author":"Xavier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01726-5","article-title":"Four-year follow-up of psychiatric and psychosomatic profile in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)","volume":"12","author":"Gostoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802600961","article-title":"Clinical course during the first 10 years of ulcerative colitis: results from a population-based inception cohort (IBSEN Study)","volume":"44","author":"Solberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20036","article-title":"Changes in clinical characteristics, course, and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease during the last 5 decades: a population-based study from Copenhagen, Denmark","volume":"13","author":"Jess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329964","article-title":"Different levels of healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: mucosal, histological, transmural, barrier and complete healing","volume":"72","author":"Neurath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.103","article-title":"Assessing response and loss of response to biological therapies in IBD","volume":"106","author":"Yanai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antib13010016","article-title":"Immunogenicity and loss of effectiveness of biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease patients due to anti-drug antibody development","volume":"13","author":"Velikova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibodies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01745-z","article-title":"Nanotechnology's frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01668-1","article-title":"Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01068-9","article-title":"Targeted nanotherapeutics for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"31","author":"Chitas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0119-1","article-title":"INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion","volume":"14","author":"Brodkorb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2021.102483","article-title":"Advances in amphiphilic polylactide\/vinyl polymer based nano-assemblies for drug delivery","volume":"294","author":"Gigmes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2018.1504017","article-title":"Recent advances in oral delivery of biologics: nanomedicine and physical modes of delivery","volume":"15","author":"Vllasaliu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug. Deliv."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NA00093A","article-title":"Plant-derived exosomal nanoparticles: potential therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2025.2550517","article-title":"The emerging role of milk-derived extracellular vesicles in gut pathology and cancer management","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04058-1","article-title":"Exploiting the role of milk extracellular vesicles: a comprehensive analysis on isolation methods, characterization, surface modifications, and their therapeutic applications","volume":"24","author":"Prabhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040822","article-title":"Plant-Derived Exosomes as a Drug-Delivery Approach for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colitis-Associated Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10644","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c01263","article-title":"Lipidomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Breast Milk and Comparison with Milk Polar Lipids Using Ultraperformance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry","volume":"73","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.110747","article-title":"Lycium barbarum lipid-based edible nanoparticles protect against experimental colitis","volume":"187","author":"Zu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib35","article-title":"Tea-derived extracellular vesicles-mediated PDRN delivery activates cAMP-HIF-1\u03b1 to restore intestinal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"35","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9506","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b03123","article-title":"Small Interfering RNA in Milk Exosomes Is Resistant to Digestion and Crosses the Intestinal Barrier In Vitro","volume":"65","author":"Shandilya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124489","article-title":"Mannose-modified Prunus persica kernel protein nanoparticles loading baicalin coated with Lycium barbarum polysaccharide for ulcerative colitis treatment","volume":"371","author":"Tao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061286","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of plant-derived extracellular vesicles as antioxidants for oxidative stress-related diseases","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-021-00863-8","article-title":"RNA-binding proteins contribute to small RNA loading in plant extracellular vesicles","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4316","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c07730","article-title":"Digestion of Plant Dietary miRNAs Starts in the Mouth under the Protection of Coingested Food Components and Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles","volume":"70","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13044","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02403","article-title":"Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Transport across Intestinal Tissue: An Oral Delivery Perspective","volume":"17","author":"Ejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122638","article-title":"An exosomal approach for oral delivery of resveratrol: Implications for inflammatory bowel disease treatment in rat model","volume":"346","author":"Esfahani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c20533","article-title":"Enhanced Delivery of Oral Biomacromolecules through Edible Plant-Derived Nanovehicles: Exploiting the Self-Amplifying Trancytosis Feedback Loop and Phosphatidic Acid","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2018.03.010","article-title":"Selective permeability of mucus barriers","volume":"52","author":"Witten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03829-6","article-title":"Flexibility-powered Pickering emulsion enhances mucus permeability to alleviate ulcerative colitis","volume":"23","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00190","article-title":"Macropinocytosis and Fast Endophilin-Mediated Endocytosis Mediate Absorption of Garlic Chive-Derived Vesicle-like Nanoparticles in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells","volume":"22","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"issue":"7796","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2025-2","article-title":"Pathway paradigms revealed from the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"578","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2026.214832","article-title":"Orally deliverable Perilla frutescens-derived nanovesicles as natural bioactive nanocarriers for colon-targeted colitis therapy via microenvironment reprogramming","volume":"184","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5611","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S513823","article-title":"Taxus chinensis-Derived Nanovesicles Alleviate Mouse Colitis by Inhibiting Inflammatory Cytokines and Restoring Gut Microbiota","volume":"18","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2023.01.004","article-title":"Amelioration of colitis progression by ginseng-derived exosome-like nanoparticles through suppression of inflammatory cytokines","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01421-w","article-title":"Oral administration of turmeric-derived exosome-like nanovesicles with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving bioactions for murine colitis therapy","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116514","article-title":"Industrial-produced lemon nanovesicles ameliorate experimental colitis-associated damages in rats via the activation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses and microbiota modification","volume":"174","author":"Tinnirello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241311096","article-title":"Toll-like Receptors and Cytokine Modulation by Goat Milk Extracellular Vesicles in a Model of Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"24","author":"De Ciucis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7520","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO01094E","article-title":"Garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced mouse colitis via the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway and gut microbiota modulation","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21030","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c05524","article-title":"Sheep (Ovis aries) Milk Exosomal miRNAs Attenuate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice via TLR4 and TRAF-1 Inhibition","volume":"72","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib56","article-title":"Bovine Colostrum miR-30a-5p Targets the NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Inflammation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib57","article-title":"miR166u -enriched Polygonatum sibiricum exosome-like nanoparticles alleviate colitis by improving intestinal barrier through the TLR4\/AKT pathway","volume":"318","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.04.001","article-title":"Ginger exosome-like nanoparticle-derived miRNA therapeutics: A strategic inhibitor of intestinal inflammation","volume":"69","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6745","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c01990","article-title":"Tea Extracellular Vesicle-Derived MicroRNAs Contribute to Alleviate Intestinal Inflammation by Reprogramming Macrophages","volume":"73","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S515961","article-title":"Zanthoxylum bungeanum-Derived Nanobiotics for Effective Against Ulcerative Colitis in Mouse Model","volume":"20","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13991","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S493434","article-title":"Houttuynia cordata-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Mitigate Colitis in Mice via Inhibition of the NLRP3 Signaling Pathway and Modulation of the Gut Microbiota","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03567-9","article-title":"Prunus mume derived extracellular vesicle-like particles alleviate experimental colitis via disrupting NEK7-NLRP3 interaction and inflammasome activation","volume":"23","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003651","article-title":"\"One stone three birds\": Andrographis paniculata -derived exosome-like nanoparticles mitigate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis","volume":"139","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl. )"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c11226","article-title":"Therapeutic Effects of Camel Milk Exosomes and Their miR-148a-3p Cargo on DSS-Induced Colitis: Modulating Gut Inflammation through the SIRT1\/NF-\u03baB Pathway and Microbiota Alterations","volume":"74","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.20517\/evcna.2025.134","article-title":"Vesicle-like nanoparticles extracted from Pueraria lobata decoction alleviate colitis by modulating the intestinal microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Extracell. Vesicles Circ. Nucl. Acids"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib66","article-title":"Emerging nutritional potential of edible-medicinal homologous Coix lacryma-jobi seed-derived exosomes for treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"332","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28176182","article-title":"Momordica charantia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Provide Antioxidant Protection in Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx115","article-title":"Oral Delivery of Nanoparticles Loaded With Ginger Active Compound, 6-Shogaol, Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis and Promotes Wound Healing in a Murine Model of Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03466-z","article-title":"Coptis chinensis-derived extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles delivered miRNA-5106 suppresses NETs by restoring zinc homeostasis to alleviate colitis","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8813558","article-title":"The Function and Role of the Th17\/Treg Cell Balance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"2020","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2467235","article-title":"Microbiota-derived IPA alleviates intestinal mucosal inflammation through upregulating Th1\/Th17 cell apoptosis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202420113","article-title":"Dendritic Cell-Based Biohybrid Immunomodulator Alleviates Intestinal Inflammatory Disease","volume":"37","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.151720","article-title":"CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion induced by antigen-driven interaction with intestinal epithelial cells independent of local dendritic cells","volume":"58","author":"Westendorf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.01.025","article-title":"Broccoli-Derived Nanoparticle Inhibits Mouse Colitis by Activating Dendritic Cell AMP-Activated Protein Kinase","volume":"25","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-025-00400-3","article-title":"Protective effects of human breast milk-derived exosomes on inflammatory bowel disease through modulation of immune cells","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Sci. Food"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8570","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.62046","article-title":"Milk-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate ulcerative colitis by regulating the gut immunity and reshaping the gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib77","article-title":"Honeysuckle-Derived Nanovesicles Regulate Gut Microbiota for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh. )"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02065-0","article-title":"Edible exosome-like nanoparticles from Portulaca oleracea L mitigate DSS-induced colitis via facilitating double-positive CD4(+)CD8(+)T cells expansion","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X","article-title":"The intestinal barrier: a pivotal role in health, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"10","author":"Neurath","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5490","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM00591G","article-title":"Aloe-derived nanovesicles attenuate inflammation and enhance tight junction proteins for acute colitis treatment","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7641","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO01366B","article-title":"Allium tuberosum-derived nanovesicles with anti-inflammatory properties prevent DSS-induced colitis and modify the gut microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8420","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO00641G","article-title":"Incidental nanoparticles in black tea alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in BALB\/c mice","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11757","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO04194A","article-title":"Dietary Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate acute colitis by regulating gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23196","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c03212","article-title":"Goat Milk Exosomes Ameliorate Ulcerative Colitis in Mice through Modulation of the Intestinal Barrier, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolites","volume":"72","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413519","article-title":"The Effect of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation","volume":"25","author":"Reif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14091514","article-title":"Goat Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Colitis Potentially Through Improved Gut Microbiota in Mice","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.118205","article-title":"Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles promote intestinal epithelial and immune development in suckling mice","volume":"226","author":"Xia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12175-4","article-title":"Exosome-like nanovesicles from Peucedanum Japonicum directly regulate inflammatory cytokines via small RNAs","volume":"15","author":"Kojima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.08.029","article-title":"Creeping fat-derived mechanosensitive fibroblasts drive intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease strictures","volume":"188","author":"Bauer-Rowe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70225","article-title":"Garlic-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease by Modulating PFKFB3-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming","volume":"40","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01163-0","article-title":"Microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms of disease and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"23","author":"Iliev","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107071","article-title":"peu-MIR2916-p3-enriched garlic exosomes ameliorate murine colitis by reshaping gut microbiota, especially by boosting the anti-colitic Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron","volume":"200","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00121-23","article-title":"Alleviation of DSS-induced colitis via bovine colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles with microRNA let-7a-5p is mediated by regulating Akkermansia and \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate in gut environments","volume":"11","author":"Mun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c16340","article-title":"Citrus-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Aggravated Colitis by Gut Microbiota-Metabolites Modulation","volume":"74","author":"Zhan","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073299","article-title":"Oral Sheep Milk-Derived Exosome Therapeutics for Cadmium-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03504-w","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum-derived extracellular vesicles from dietary barley leaf supplementation attenuate Citrobacter rodentium infection and intestinal inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03975C","article-title":"Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles prevent gut inflammation by regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1293737","article-title":"Identification of omega-3 oxylipins in human milk-derived extracellular vesicles with pro-resolutive actions in gastrointestinal inflammation","volume":"14","author":"G\u00f3mez-Ferrer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2017-0196","article-title":"Oral administration of ginger-derived nanolipids loaded with siRNA as a novel approach for efficient siRNA drug delivery to treat ulcerative colitis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomed. (Lond. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib100","first-page":"138","article-title":"Oral TNF-\u03b1 siRNA delivery via milk-derived exosomes for effective treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02173-x","article-title":"Probing milk extracellular vesicles for intestinal delivery of RNA therapies","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib102","article-title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles demonstrate altered endocytosis and biodistribution and have superior oral siRNA delivery efficiency compared to lipid nanoparticles","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. X"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53460","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c10562","article-title":"Functional Ginger-Derived Extracellular Vesicles-Coated ZIF-8 Containing TNF-\u03b1 siRNA for Ulcerative Colitis Therapy by Modulating Gut Microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121707","article-title":"Oral delivery of IL-22 mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles targeting the injured intestinal mucosa: A novel therapeutic solution to treat ulcerative colitis","volume":"288","author":"Sung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadw9275","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw9275","article-title":"Reinforced plant-derived lipid nanoparticles for oral precise epigenome editing in colonic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12462","article-title":"Milk-derived extracellular vesicles functionalized with anti-tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 nanobody and anti-microbial peptide alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice","volume":"13","author":"Jing","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib107","first-page":"70","article-title":"Immunoregulatory protein-hybrid extracellular vesicles via self-loadable backbone cyclization for oral inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21091","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02560","article-title":"Milk Exosome-Liposome Hybrid Vesicles with Self-Adapting Surface Properties Overcome the Sequential Absorption Barriers for Oral Delivery of Peptides","volume":"18","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib109","article-title":"Oral milk-derived exosomes loaded with tafatinib for anti-inflammatory therapy","volume":"11","author":"Qiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. X"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.190","article-title":"Targeted drug delivery to intestinal macrophages by bioactive nanovesicles released from grapefruit","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2024.101014","article-title":"Formulation, characterization, and evaluation of curcumin-loaded ginger-derived nanovesicles for anti-colitis activity","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17121555","article-title":"Microvesicles from Turmeric Extracts Contain Curcuminoids and Modulate Macrophage Polarization and Migration","volume":"17","author":"Tacconi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2025.112014","article-title":"Paederia scandens-derived exosome-like nanoparticles as a delivery system for andrographolide to treat ulcerative colitis","volume":"135","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122107","article-title":"Engineering fucoxanthin-loaded probiotics' membrane vesicles for the dietary intervention of colitis","volume":"297","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307800120","article-title":"Endosomal escape: A bottleneck for LNP-mediated therapeutics","volume":"121","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.20517\/evcna.2023.26","article-title":"Breaking free: endocytosis and endosomal escape of extracellular vesicles","volume":"4","author":"Ribovski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Extracell. Vesicles Circ. Nucl. Acids"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.20517\/evcna.2024.19","article-title":"Endosomal escape mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-based drug carriers: lessons for lipid nanoparticle design","volume":"5","author":"Hagedorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Extracell. Vesicles Circ. Nucl. Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114462","article-title":"Breaking barriers: Engineering extracellular vesicles for enhanced endosomal escape and therapeutic delivery","volume":"389","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01728-8","article-title":"A high-throughput Galectin-9 imaging assay for quantifying nanoparticle uptake, endosomal escape and functional RNA delivery","volume":"4","author":"Munson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib120","article-title":"Oral delivery of chitosan\/hyaluronic-acid-coated milk-derived exosomes for ulcerative-colitis amelioration","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. X"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib121","article-title":"An anthocyanins-loaded extracellular vesicles coated with fucoidan nano-delivery system for enhancing dietary defense against inflammation-related colon injury","volume":"318","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5643","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.97139","article-title":"Engineered plant-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted regulation and treatment of colitis-associated inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib123","article-title":"Targeted C3G delivery by engineered milk exosomes for effective therapy in microplastics-induced colitis","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.05.046","article-title":"Lectin-decorated nanoparticles enhance binding to the inflamed tissue in experimental colitis","volume":"188","author":"Moulari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadx8336","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx8336","article-title":"Targeted intracellular oral RNA delivery through tea polyphenol nanovesicle to outer membrane vesicle transfer for colitis treatment","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c01328","article-title":"Engineered Turmeric-Derived Nanovesicles for Ulcerative Colitis Therapy by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Alleviating Inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7455","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11315","article-title":"Protein Coronas Derived from Mucus Act as Both Spear and Shield to Regulate Transferrin Functionalized Nanoparticle Transcellular Transport in Enterocytes","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02954-y","article-title":"The role of patient-specific variables in protein corona formation and therapeutic efficacy in nanomedicine","volume":"22","author":"Cisneros","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35310","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11453","article-title":"Enhanced Gut-to-Liver Oral Drug Delivery via Ligand-Modified Nanoparticles by Attenuating Protein Corona Adsorption","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.02.012","article-title":"Disease-specific protein corona formed in pathological intestine enhances the oral absorption of nanoparticles","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202408208","article-title":"Gut-on-a-Chip Reveals Enhanced Peristalsis Reduces Nanoplastic-Induced Inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124750","article-title":"Prebiotic low methoxyl pectin-alginate for colon-targeted Companilactobacillus crustorum MN047 delivery in alleviating ulcerative colitis: Synergy and comparative analysis","volume":"375","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2859","article-title":"Orally delivered thioketal nanoparticles loaded with TNF-\u03b1-siRNA target inflammation and inhibit gene expression in the intestines","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.4.571","article-title":"Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugs","volume":"48","author":"Nugent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eade5041","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade5041","article-title":"Milk-derived extracellular vesicles protect intestinal barrier integrity in the gut-liver axis","volume":"9","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18060953","article-title":"Broccoli-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles Alleviates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Through Modulating the Gut-Liver Axis","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28713","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.28713","article-title":"Ginger-derived nanoparticles protect against alcohol-induced liver damage","volume":"4","author":"Zhuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116098","article-title":"Edible pueraria lobata-derived exosome-like nanovesicles ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis associated lung inflammation through modulating macrophage polarization","volume":"170","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.05.059","article-title":"Design of a sustained-release nanosystem for ultra-efficient absorption of anthocyanins and regulating lung damage through the \"lung-gut\" axis","volume":"81","author":"Tian","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7291","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.113573","article-title":"Tea plant-inspired nanoassembled supraparticles alleviate colitis and associated mental disorders via microbiota-gut-brain interactions","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib141","article-title":"MicroRNA-Enriched Plant-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Colitis by Modulating Systemic Immunity, Metabolic Homeostasis, and Gut Microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5551","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S510417","article-title":"Garlic-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles: A Promising Natural Nanotherapy for Periodontitis via PHGDH\/PI3K\/AKT-Mediated Metabolic and Inflammatory Regulation","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03897-8","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from Kaempferia galanga L. show promise for targeted oral therapy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13050839","article-title":"Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Exciting Potential as the Future of Next-Generation Drug Delivery","volume":"13","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-025-00375-1","article-title":"Milk-derived extracellular vesicles and gut health","volume":"9","author":"Muttiah","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Sci. Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20417314231174609","article-title":"Comparison of extracellular vesicle isolation processes for therapeutic applications","volume":"14","author":"Williams","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-025-05824-0","article-title":"Isolation of bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles via a capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber stationary phase","volume":"417","author":"Mata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib148","article-title":"Applications of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in medicine","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107925","article-title":"Milk and cheesemaking whey as a sustainable source of extracellular vesicles: Exploring large-scale isolation methods with industrial and potential therapeutic applications","volume":"220","author":"Del Saz-Lara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7120273","article-title":"Tangential Flow Filtration for Highly Efficient Concentration of Extracellular Vesicles from Large Volumes of Fluid","volume":"7","author":"Busatto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"176","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/63155","article-title":"Scalable Isolation and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria","author":"Watson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13258","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c17948","article-title":"High-Throughput Extracellular Vesicle Isolation Using Plate-Based Size Exclusion Chromatography and Automation","volume":"147","author":"Gilboa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-024-00759-7","article-title":"MISEV2023: Shaping the Future of EV Research by Enhancing Rigour, Reproducibility and Transparency","volume":"31","author":"Samuels","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02720-y","article-title":"Dietary bovine milk miRNAs transported in extracellular vesicles are partially stable during GI digestion, are bioavailable and reach target tissues but need a minimum dose to impact on gene expression","volume":"61","author":"L\u00f3pez de Las Hazas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114001","article-title":"Development of extracellular vesicle-based medicinal products: A position paper of the group \"Extracellular Vesicle translatiOn to clinicaL perspectiVEs - EVOLVE France\"","volume":"179","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-072023-034354","article-title":"Potential of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers for Oral Delivery of Active Phytoconstituents","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12358","article-title":"Cross-kingdom regulation by plant-derived miRNAs in mammalian systems","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Model. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c01943","article-title":"Engineered Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Targeted Drug Carriers in Cancer Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00345.2025","article-title":"From rodents to chips: preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease with emphasis on host-microbiome interactions","volume":"330","author":"Kumar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147554","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles-Oral Therapeutics of the Future","volume":"23","author":"Cie\u015blik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2025.114744","article-title":"Small milk-derived extracellular vesicles: Suitable vehicles for oral drug delivery?","volume":"212","author":"Seegobin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14866","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR01240A","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from adipose stromal cells combined with a thermoresponsive hydrogel prevent esophageal stricture after extensive endoscopic submucosal dissection in a porcine model","volume":"13","author":"Coffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/stmcls\/sxad068","article-title":"Research Models to Mimic Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Focus on Extracellular Vesicles Action","volume":"41","author":"Duci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib164","article-title":"Colon-targeted chitosan-gold nanoparticles loaded with Pueraria flavonoids for ulcerative colitis therapy via barrier repair and immune modulation","volume":"339","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.11.017","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of quercetin enzyme-responsive nanovesicles for the treatment of experimental colitis in rats","volume":"13","author":"Castangia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.151071","article-title":"Exploring the potential of chitosan-\u03b1-lipoic acid copolymer\/sodium alginate-coated hollow zein nanoparticles for oral astaxanthin delivery: Structural characterization, safety assessment and anti-ulcerative colitis effect","volume":"352","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MH00114E","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species-responsive prodrug nanomicelle-functionalized Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics for amplified therapy of ulcerative colitis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib168","article-title":"Engineered polyphenol-keratin nanocarriers enhance probiotic delivery and ameliorate obese ulcerative colitis","volume":"256","author":"Chengfeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadt2653","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt2653","article-title":"Plant cell-inspired colon-targeted cargo delivery systems with dual-triggered release mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18060921","article-title":"Curcumin-Loaded Lactoferrin\/Pectin Core-Shell Structured Microgel Nanoparticles: Dual Regulatory Effects in Alleviating Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.124899","article-title":"Pullulan-stabilized gliadin nanocomplexes loaded with astragaloside IV: Fabrication, characterization and treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"378","author":"Luo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9567","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO03331G","article-title":"Astaxanthin nanoparticles ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by alleviating oxidative stress, regulating intestinal flora, and protecting the intestinal barrier","volume":"14","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127241","article-title":"Genipin-crosslinked human serum albumin coating using a tannic acid layer for enhanced oral administration of curcumin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"330","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-025-04635-9","article-title":"Nano zinc oxide restores gut barrier integrity and modulates microbiota to mitigate TNBS-induced colitis in mice","volume":"203","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2026.124076","article-title":"Dual-functional tea polyphenol-serotonin nanoparticles for integrated inflammation suppression and mucosal repair in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"331","author":"Tian","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409138","article-title":"Extracellular VEsicles from Nanomedicine-trained Intestinal Microbiota Substitute for Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Treating Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"36","author":"Zu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-025-01463-z","article-title":"Sargassum fusiforme-derived exosome-like nanoparticles suppress TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway to alleviate colitis via modulating gut microbiota","volume":"81","author":"Chang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant. Foods Hum. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661826002203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661826002203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T14:04:43Z","timestamp":1785074683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661826002203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":177,"alternative-id":["S1043661826002203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Harnessing edible extracellular vesicles for inflammatory bowel disease: From natural immunomodulators to bioengineered oral nanotherapeutics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108305","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108305"}}