{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:12:22Z","timestamp":1789398742519,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\/11\/16\/29260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/11\/16\/29260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\/17\/8\/32924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/17\/8\/32924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2041967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2041967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT170100431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT170100431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:31:05Z","timestamp":1786663865000},"page":"108379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antenatal hypoxia and dexamethasone independently alter hepatic cytochrome P450 activity and glucocorticoid receptor isoform cellular localisation in ovine offspring"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"231","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2990-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Millicent G.A.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley S.","family":"Meakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley J.","family":"Botting-Lawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youguo","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sage G.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dino A.","family":"Giussani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8602-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janna L.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271099","article-title":"The fetal brain sparing response to hypoxia: physiological mechanisms","volume":"594","author":"Giussani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2008.04975.x","article-title":"Sheep models of intrauterine growth restriction: fetal adaptations and consequences","volume":"35","author":"Morrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"issue":"8663","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90710-1","article-title":"Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease","volume":"2","author":"Barker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00053.2003","article-title":"Developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome: prediction, plasticity, and programming","volume":"85","author":"McMillen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.04.003","article-title":"The global epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"52","author":"Vogel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib6","series-title":"Australia's mothers and babies, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","author":"AIHW","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F182","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-314405","article-title":"Estimating neonatal length of stay for babies born very preterm","volume":"104","author":"Seaton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.4.515","article-title":"A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants","volume":"50","author":"Liggins","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib9","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib10","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"12","author":"McGoldrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1230939.x","article-title":"Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a key regulator of fetal glucocorticoid exposure","volume":"46","author":"Benediktsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf. )"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(82)90628-8","article-title":"Glucocorticoid metabolism in human placenta, decidua, myometrium and fetal membranes","volume":"17","author":"Giannopoulos","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.130.5.1315243","article-title":"Surgical disconnection of the hypothalamus from the fetal pituitary abolishes the corticotrophic response to intrauterine hypoglycemia or hypoxemia in the sheep during late gestation","volume":"130","author":"Ozolins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00020.2012","article-title":"11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: intracellular gate-keepers of tissue glucocorticoid action","volume":"93","author":"Chapman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(03)00103-6","article-title":"Alterations in human placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and 2 with gestational age and labour","volume":"24","author":"Murphy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202200676RR","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying adverse effects of dexamethasone and betamethasone in the developing cardiovascular system","volume":"37","author":"Garrud","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2015-1042","article-title":"Minireview: the impact of antenatal therapeutic synthetic glucocorticoids on the developing fetal brain","volume":"29","author":"Peffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90579-8","article-title":"Human fetal serum cortisol levels related to gestational age: evidence of a midgestational fall and a steep late gestational rise, independent of sex or mode of delivery","volume":"144","author":"Murphy","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.09.005","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Maturation of Fetal Cardiovascular Function","volume":"26","author":"Jellyman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005520","article-title":"Late-Preterm Antenatal Steroids for Reduction of Neonatal Respiratory Complications: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"143","author":"Yenuberi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06304-6","article-title":"Does the use of antenatal corticosteroids reduce respiratory morbidity in babies born in late preterm period?","volume":"24","author":"Shittu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26127","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids and perinatal outcome in late fetal growth restriction: analysis of prospective cohort","volume":"61","author":"Familiari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03732-1","article-title":"General health and social outcomes 50 years after exposure to antenatal betamethasone: follow-up of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Walters","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221719","article-title":"Fetal programming of adrenal PNMT and hypertension by glucocorticoids in WKY rats is dose and sex-dependent","volume":"14","author":"Khurana","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1567","article-title":"Glucocorticoid exposure in late gestation permanently programs rat hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucocorticoid receptor expression and causes glucose intolerance in adult offspring","volume":"101","author":"Nyirenda","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2014.01.009","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates prenatal dexamethasone-induced blood pressure increase in a rat model","volume":"8","author":"Tain","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hypertens."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.02.003","article-title":"Combined Antioxidant and Glucocorticoid Therapy for Safer Treatment of Preterm Birth","volume":"30","author":"Garrud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.06.003","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction may reduce hepatic drug metabolism in the early neonatal period","volume":"134","author":"Soo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120016","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction alters the activity of drug metabolising enzymes in the maternal-placental-fetal unit","volume":"285","author":"McBride","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17030285","article-title":"Maternal MitoQ Treatment Is Protective Against Programmed Alterations in CYP Activity Due to Antenatal Dexamethasone","volume":"17","author":"Bennett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1361933","article-title":"N. Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act-Pediatric Trials, Medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"31","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3109\/03602532.2010.484462","article-title":"Regulation of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes by glucocorticoids","volume":"42","author":"Dvorak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug. Metab. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24124","article-title":"Maternal obesogenic diet during pregnancy and its impact on fetal hepatic function in baboons","volume":"32","author":"Meakin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L84","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00275.2014","article-title":"Increased lung prolyl hydroxylase and decreased glucocorticoid receptor are related to decreased surfactant protein in the growth-restricted sheep fetus","volume":"309","author":"Orgeig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.06.380","article-title":"Placental glucocorticoid receptor isoforms in a sheep model of maternal allergic asthma","volume":"83","author":"Clifton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12020036","article-title":"Ontogeny of Fetal Cardiometabolic Pathways: The Potential Role of Cortisol and Thyroid Hormones in Driving the Transition from Preterm to Near-Term Heart Development in Sheep","author":"Amanollahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae008","article-title":"The Glucocorticoid Receptor: Isoforms, Functions, and Contribution to Glucocorticoid Sensitivity","volume":"45","author":"Lockett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib38","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and Their Receptor Isoforms: Roles in Female Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Foetal Development","volume":"12","author":"Bhaumik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.007","article-title":"The biology of the glucocorticoid receptor: new signaling mechanisms in health and disease","volume":"132","author":"Oakley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.12.007","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation","volume":"138","author":"Zanger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2006.12.006","article-title":"CAR and PXR: the xenobiotic-sensing receptors","volume":"72","author":"Timsit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.02.001","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of sodium phenobarbital in wild type and humanized constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)\/pregnane X receptor (PXR) mice and in cultured mouse, rat and human hepatocytes","volume":"396-397","author":"Haines","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac133","article-title":"Molecular basis of crosstalk in nuclear receptors: heterodimerization between PXR and CAR and the implication in gene regulation","volume":"50","author":"Bwayi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1517\/17425250802707342","article-title":"Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha regulation of bile acid and drug metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Chiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug. Metab. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.336","article-title":"PPARA: a novel genetic determinant of CYP3A4 in vitro and in vivo","volume":"91","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2024.119765","article-title":"HRD1-mediated ubiquitination of HDAC2 regulates PPARalpha-mediated autophagy and alleviates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease","volume":"1871","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.05.061","article-title":"Dexamethasone impairs hypoxia-inducible factor-1 function","volume":"372","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.574176","article-title":"Regulation of High-Altitude Hypoxia on the Transcription of CYP450 and UGT1A1 Mediated by PXR and CAR","volume":"11","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib49","first-page":"755","article-title":"Principles and standards for reporting animal experiments in The Journal of Physiology and Experimental Physiology","author":"Grundy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wiley Online Libr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1113\/JP286666","article-title":"Update on requirements for ethics and welfare reporting in The Journal of Physiology","volume":"602","author":"O'Halloran","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412","article-title":"Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"8","author":"Kilkenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib52","first-page":"120","article-title":"Russell and Burch's 3Rs then and now: the need for clarity in definition and purpose","volume":"54","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb1929","article-title":"Translatable mitochondria-targeted protection against programmed cardiovascular dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Botting","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.061796","article-title":"Adrenocortical responsiveness is blunted in twin relative to singleton ovine fetuses","volume":"557","author":"Gardner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12614","article-title":"Induction of controlled hypoxic pregnancy in large mammalian species","volume":"3","author":"Brain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284786","article-title":"MitoQ as an antenatal antioxidant treatment improves markers of lung maturation in healthy and hypoxic pregnancy","volume":"601","author":"Lock","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19175","article-title":"Chronic Hypoxia in Ovine Pregnancy Recapitulates Physiological and Molecular Markers of Preeclampsia in the Mother, Placenta, and Offspring","volume":"79","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1113\/JP288724","article-title":"Hypoxic pregnancy promotes fibrosis and increases stress metabolites in the ovine fetal liver","volume":"603","author":"McGuckin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4329","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273842","article-title":"Maternal chronic hypoxia increases expression of genes regulating lung liquid movement and surfactant maturation in male fetuses in late gestation","volume":"595","author":"McGillick","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271091","article-title":"Fetal in vivo continuous cardiovascular function during chronic hypoxia","volume":"594","author":"Allison","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90161-2","article-title":"Fetal venous, intracardiac, and arterial blood flow measurements in intrauterine growth retardation: relationship with fetal blood gases","volume":"173","author":"Hecher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1139\/y85-086","article-title":"Induction of premature delivery in sheep following infusion of cortisol to the fetus. I. The effect of maternal administration of progestagens","volume":"63","author":"Jenkin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib63","series-title":"Guidelines Review Committee, Newborn Health (NBH), Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (SRH)","article-title":"WHO recommendations on antenatal corticosteroids for improving preterm birth outcomes","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-5-2090","article-title":"Alternate photoperiods time puberty in the female lamb","volume":"116","author":"Yellon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113000074","article-title":"Selection for superior growth advances the onset of puberty and increases reproductive performance in ewe lambs","volume":"7","author":"Rosales Nieto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2020.106934","article-title":"Development of a method to determine cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4 activity sheep hepatic microsomes","volume":"106","author":"McBride","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120133","article-title":"Hepatic cytochrome P450 function is reduced by life-long Western diet consumption in guinea pig independent of birth weight","volume":"287","author":"Wiese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2022.11.015","article-title":"Characterisation of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme activity in sheep liver and placental microsomes","volume":"131","author":"Meakin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib69","article-title":"Chronic hypoxia or MitoQ treatment in pregnancy independently alter hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in fetal sheep and 9-month-old lambs","volume":"243","author":"Bennett","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181185","article-title":"Normalisation of surfactant protein -A and -B expression in the lungs of low birth weight lambs by 21 days old","volume":"12","author":"Soo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R429","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00431.2013","article-title":"Exposure to rosiglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, in late gestation reduces the abundance of factors regulating cardiac metabolism and cardiomyocyte size in the sheep fetus","volume":"306","author":"Lie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122344","article-title":"Maternal obesity impacts fetal liver androgen signalling in a sex-specific manner","volume":"337","author":"Meakin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib73","unstructured":"R Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2025."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the Tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open. Course Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib75","unstructured":"F.E. Harrell, Jr, Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous, (2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib76","article-title":"R package 'corrplot'","author":"Simko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vis. a Correl. Matrix"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.08.075","article-title":"Medication Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Changes from 2010 to 2018","volume":"240","author":"Stark","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114535","article-title":"CYP2C19 slow metabolizer phenotype is associated with lower antidepressant efficacy and tolerability","volume":"312","author":"Jokovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20179","article-title":"Ontogeny of human hepatic cytochromes P450","volume":"21","author":"Hines","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.8.883","article-title":"Comparative metabolic capabilities of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug. Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.108078","article-title":"Neonatal cytochrome P450 CYP3A7: A comprehensive review of its role in development, disease, and xenobiotic metabolism","volume":"673","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib83","series-title":"Dexamethasone, StatPearls","author":"Johnson","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.58.6.1441","article-title":"Dexamethasone enhances constitutive androstane receptor expression in human hepatocytes: consequences on cytochrome P450 gene regulation","volume":"58","author":"Pascussi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03120.x","article-title":"The recovery time-course of CYP3A after induction by St John's wort administration","volume":"65","author":"Imai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01043","article-title":"CYP3A4\/5 Activity Probed with Testosterone and Midazolam: Correlation between Two Substrates at the Microsomal and Enzyme Levels","volume":"16","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1922-0","article-title":"An analysis of allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies, actionable pharmacogenomic (PGx) variants and phenoconversion in 5408 Australian patients genotyped for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes","volume":"126","author":"Mostafa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11111337","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics for Primary Care: An Overview","author":"Rollinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes. (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2.6.875","article-title":"Species differences between mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human CYP-mediated drug metabolism, inhibition and induction","volume":"2","author":"Martignoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug. Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120521","article-title":"Maternal-placental-fetal drug metabolism is altered by late gestation undernutrition in the pregnant ewe","volume":"298","author":"Meakin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(03)00143-7","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro activities of biotransformation enzymes in pig, cattle, goat and sheep","volume":"76","author":"Szotakova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200401000-00001","article-title":"Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants","volume":"14","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-7364-4-1-59","article-title":"The cytochrome p450 homepage","volume":"4","author":"Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Genom."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.11.37","article-title":"Role of the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme System in Veterinary Pharmacokinetics: Where are We Now? Where are We Going?","volume":"3","author":"Antonovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1612","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0431","article-title":"Human cytochromes P450 in health and disease","volume":"368","author":"Nebert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab353","article-title":"Whole-Genome Resequencing of Worldwide Wild and Domestic Sheep Elucidates Genetic Diversity, Introgression, and Agronomically Important Loci","volume":"39","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-015-0216-x","article-title":"Population structure and history of the Welsh sheep breeds determined by whole genome genotyping","volume":"16","author":"Beynon","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab096","article-title":"An improved ovine reference genome assembly to facilitate in-depth functional annotation of the sheep genome","volume":"11","author":"Davenport","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.073569","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction and differential patterns of hepatic growth and expression of IGF1, PCK2, and HSDL1 mRNA in the sheep fetus in late gestation","volume":"80","author":"Gentili","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.112.082503","article-title":"Direct transcriptional regulation of human hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)","volume":"83","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2015.00261","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARalpha, directly regulates transcription of cytochrome P450 CYP2C8","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041197","article-title":"PPAR Agonists and Metabolic Syndrome: An Established Role?","volume":"19","author":"Botta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15473","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015473","article-title":"Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Its Pathophysiology, Association with Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease, and Treatments","volume":"24","author":"Yanai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib104","first-page":"799","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha acts as a mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod58.1.234","article-title":"Chronic hypoxemia selectively down-regulates 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene expression in the fetal sheep kidney","volume":"58","author":"Murotsuki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1351.001","article-title":"The physiology of human glucocorticoid receptor beta (hGRbeta) and glucocorticoid resistance","volume":"1069","author":"Lewis-Tuffin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705338114","article-title":"Glucocorticoids promote Von Hippel Lindau degradation and Hif-1alpha stabilization","volume":"114","author":"Vettori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.120.000124","article-title":"Downregulation of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 in Human Hepatocytes by Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain 2 Inhibitors via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-alpha Stabilization","volume":"49","author":"Takano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug. Metab. Dispos."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1113\/EP093025","article-title":"Antenatal betamethasone impairs markers of cardiac development and function in near-term lambs","volume":"111","author":"Amanollahi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0171","article-title":"Dexamethasone and sex regulate placental glucocorticoid receptor isoforms in mice","volume":"234","author":"Cuffe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4867","DOI":"10.1113\/JP289044","article-title":"Sex-specific effects of betamethasone on glucocorticoid and apoptotic signalling pathways in the sheep placenta","volume":"603","author":"Meakin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00157.x","article-title":"Effect of early glucocorticoid treatment on MR and GR in late gestation ovine kidney","volume":"61","author":"Hantzis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0051","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoform-selective regulation of antiapoptotic genes in osteosarcoma cells: a new mechanism for glucocorticoid resistance","volume":"25","author":"Gross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7143","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00253-07","article-title":"Selective regulation of bone cell apoptosis by translational isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.03.025","article-title":"Translational regulatory mechanisms generate N-terminal glucocorticoid receptor isoforms with unique transcriptional target genes","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1009","article-title":"Determinants of the heightened activity of glucocorticoid receptor translational isoforms","volume":"27","author":"Bender","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301450","article-title":"Antenatal maternal anxiety is related to HPA-axis dysregulation and self-reported depressive symptoms in adolescence: a prospective study on the fetal origins of depressed mood","volume":"33","author":"Van den Bergh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.01.008","article-title":"Prenatal maternal mood is associated with altered diurnal cortisol in adolescence","volume":"38","author":"O\u2032Donnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2008.11.006","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial stress and HPA axis regulation in young adults","volume":"55","author":"Entringer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02270-3","article-title":"Nuclear receptors in health and disease: signaling pathways, biological functions and pharmaceutical interventions","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F182","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.83.3.F182","article-title":"Sex differences in outcomes of very low birthweight infants: the newborn male disadvantage","volume":"83","author":"Stevenson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199508000-00022","article-title":"Children born small for gestational age: do they catch up?","volume":"38","author":"Hokken-Koelega","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281266","article-title":"Brief hypoxia in late gestation sheep causes prolonged disruption of fetal electrographic, breathing behaviours and can result in early labour","volume":"599","author":"Baburamani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(77)90070-6","article-title":"Reductions in lamb weight caused by pre-mating carunclectomy and mid-pregnancy placental ablation","volume":"87","author":"Mellor","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib125","article-title":"Influence of Dexamethasone on Some Reproductive Hormones and Uterine Progesterone Receptor Localization in Pregnant Yankasa Sheep in Semiarid Zones of Nigeria","author":"Yahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. 2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0651-x","article-title":"Pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives reduces the biotransformation of proguanil to cycloguanil","volume":"59","author":"McGready","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2000.108949","article-title":"L. Bertilsson, No sex-related differences but significant inhibition by oral contraceptives of CYP2C19 activity as measured by the probe drugs mephenytoin and omeprazole in healthy Swedish white subjects","volume":"68","author":"Laine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2001.01328.x","article-title":"Influence of gender and oral contraceptives on CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 activity in healthy volunteers","volume":"51","author":"Hagg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050615","article-title":"CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 activity in a large population of Dutch healthy volunteers: indications for oral contraceptive-related gender differences","volume":"55","author":"Tamminga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.11.010","article-title":"Review: Sex and the human placenta: mediating differential strategies of fetal growth and survival","volume":"31","author":"Clifton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3182042a20","article-title":"Sex differences in the ovine fetal cortisol response to stress","volume":"69","author":"Giussani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105999","article-title":"Maternal serum cortisol levels during pregnancy differ by fetal sex","volume":"149","author":"Vrijkotte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23851","article-title":"Sex and stress: Men and women show different cortisol responses to psychological stress induced by the Trier social stress test and the Iowa singing social stress test","volume":"95","author":"Reschke-Hernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126386","article-title":"Let's talk about placental sex, baby: understanding mechanisms that drive female- and male-specific fetal growth and developmental outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Meakin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17671","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17671","article-title":"Content and activity of human liver microsomal protein and prediction of individual hepatic clearance in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.612888","article-title":"Dimming the powerhouse: mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver and skeletal muscle of intrauterine growth restricted fetuses","volume":"12","author":"Pendleton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104366182600294X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104366182600294X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:58:56Z","timestamp":1789397936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S104366182600294X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":136,"alternative-id":["S104366182600294X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antenatal hypoxia and dexamethasone independently alter hepatic cytochrome P450 activity and glucocorticoid receptor isoform cellular localisation in ovine offspring","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108379","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108379"}}