{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:03:55Z","timestamp":1789902235401,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSG\\u221222\\u2013137\\u201301-IBCD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSG\\u221222\\u2013137\\u201301-IBCD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011627","name":"Purdue University Women's Global Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006377","name":"Purdue University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013415","name":"Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016599","name":"Purdue University Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:27:04Z","timestamp":1787034424000},"page":"108404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Resistance to PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"232","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4196-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa Min Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8138-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Oe","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200694","article-title":"Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"366","author":"Brahmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","article-title":"Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"363","author":"Hodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690","article-title":"Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer","volume":"366","author":"Topalian","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"6382","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade","volume":"359","author":"Ribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6230","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8172","article-title":"The future of immune checkpoint therapy","volume":"348","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0367","article-title":"Fundamental Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35347","article-title":"How many people in the US are eligible for and respond to checkpoint inhibitors: An empirical analysis","volume":"156","author":"Haslam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.01.009","article-title":"Genomic mediators of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma","volume":"43","author":"Schiantarelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"6024","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203486","article-title":"Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity's roles in cancer suppression and promotion","volume":"331","author":"Schreiber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.017","article-title":"Primary, Adaptive, and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"168","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib12","article-title":"Glycosylation and stabilization of programmed death ligand-1 suppresses T-cell activity","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nm730","article-title":"Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12293","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192461099","article-title":"Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade","volume":"99","author":"Iwai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib15","first-page":"727","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1443","article-title":"The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection","volume":"8","author":"Sharpe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0770-2","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"issue":"7637","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21349","article-title":"Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer-immune set point","volume":"541","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.04.031","article-title":"Interferon Receptor Signaling Pathways Regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression","volume":"19","author":"Garcia-Diaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.584626","article-title":"Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by NF-kappaB in Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Antonangeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/BS9.0000000000000149","article-title":"PD-L1: expression regulation","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-3133","article-title":"Targeting Glycosylated PD-1 Induces Potent Antitumor Immunity","volume":"80","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.02.013","article-title":"PD-1: A Driver or Passenger of T Cell Exhaustion?","volume":"77","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.124","article-title":"Anti-programmed cell death protein-1\/ligand-1 therapy in different cancers","volume":"112","author":"Homet Moreno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd2712","article-title":"Revisiting the PD-1 pathway","volume":"6","author":"Patsoukis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"7528","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13954","article-title":"PD-1 blockade induces responses by inhibiting adaptive immune resistance","volume":"515","author":"Tumeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-195792","article-title":"Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired","volume":"114","author":"Ahmadzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331","article-title":"PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity","volume":"26","author":"Keir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00923.x","article-title":"The PD-1 pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity","volume":"236","author":"Francisco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.1027","article-title":"Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation","volume":"192","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20112741","article-title":"Programmed cell death 1 forms negative costimulatory microclusters that directly inhibit T cell receptor signaling by recruiting phosphatase SHP2","volume":"209","author":"Yokosuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040824","article-title":"Role of PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Prognostic Significance according to Clinicopathological Factors and Diagnostic Markers","volume":"20","author":"Pawelczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.64","article-title":"Melanoma subtypes demonstrate distinct PD-L1 expression profiles","volume":"97","author":"Kaunitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib34","first-page":"2833","article-title":"PD\u2011L1 promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell growth through mTOR signaling","volume":"41","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.1215","article-title":"Significance of PD-L1 in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Maiorano","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02176-8","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer: research insights and sensitization strategies","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-021-02841-7","article-title":"Tumor cell PD-L1 expression is a strong predictor of unfavorable prognosis in immune checkpoint therapy-naive clear cell renal cell cancer","volume":"53","author":"Moller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012067","article-title":"Focus on PD-1\/PD-L1 as a Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Dumitru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-3271","article-title":"Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"20","author":"Taube","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0060-4","article-title":"Exosomal PD-L1 harbors active defense function to suppress T cell killing of breast cancer cells and promote tumor growth","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib41","article-title":"The role of PD-1 signaling in health and immune-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481","article-title":"Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade","volume":"378","author":"Postow","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"7077","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04444","article-title":"Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection","volume":"439","author":"Barber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.112","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade in infectious diseases","volume":"18","author":"Wykes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.022","article-title":"PD-L1\/PD-1 checkpoint pathway regulates hippocampal neuronal excitability and learning and memory behavior","volume":"111","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071677","article-title":"Glial Cell Expression of PD-L1","volume":"20","author":"Chauhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08352-5","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade harnesses monocyte-derived macrophages to combat cognitive impairment in a tauopathy mouse model","volume":"10","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108662","article-title":"Microglial PD-1 stimulation by astrocytic PD-L1 suppresses neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease pathology","volume":"40","author":"Kummer","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2017-0120","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 in disease","volume":"10","author":"Kuol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-021-00683-y","article-title":"Emerging Role of PD-1 in the Central Nervous System and Brain Diseases","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib51","article-title":"Anti-PD-1 antibody penpulimab plus chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind phase 3 study","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2402141","article-title":"CheckMate HWI. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer","volume":"391","author":"Andre","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"10492","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00403-9","article-title":"CheckMate DWi. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"405","author":"Yau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10538","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00602-1","article-title":"investigators EN-oK-B. Pembrolizumab plus weekly paclitaxel in platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (ENGOT-ov65\/KEYNOTE-B96): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study","volume":"407","author":"Colombo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415434","article-title":"Investigators K-. Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"393","author":"Uppaluri","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"10418","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02033-0","article-title":"Investigators K-. Pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: interim analyses from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-811 randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"402","author":"Janjigian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2408154","article-title":"Investigators N. Perioperative Durvalumab with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Bladder Cancer","volume":"391","author":"Powles","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.09.002","article-title":"Subcutaneous versus intravenous nivolumab for renal cell carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Albiges","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.03.012","article-title":"Subcutaneous versus intravenous pembrolizumab, in combination with chemotherapy, for treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: the phase III 3475A-D77 trial","volume":"36","author":"Felip","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.08.004","article-title":"FcgammaRs Modulate the Anti-tumor Activity of Antibodies Targeting the PD-1\/PD-L1 Axis","volume":"28","author":"Dahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"389","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aal3604","article-title":"vivo imaging reveals a tumor-associated macrophage-mediated resistance pathway in anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"9","author":"Arlauckas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"6230","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4971","article-title":"Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"348","author":"Schumacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500596","article-title":"PD-1 Blockade in Tumors with Mismatch-Repair Deficiency","volume":"372","author":"Le","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30445-9","article-title":"Association of tumour mutational burden with outcomes in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with pembrolizumab: prospective biomarker analysis of the multicohort, open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study","volume":"21","author":"Marabelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"7662","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22991","article-title":"An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma","volume":"547","author":"Ott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01062-w","article-title":"Resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy through inactivation of antigen presentation","volume":"8","author":"Sade-Feldman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1604958","article-title":"Mutations Associated with Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Melanoma","volume":"375","author":"Zaretsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.08.008","article-title":"An Evolutionarily Conserved Function of Polycomb Silences the MHC Class I Antigen Presentation Pathway and Enables Immune Evasion in Cancer","volume":"36","author":"Burr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071760","article-title":"MHC Class I Downregulation in Cancer: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Cornel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-025-01208-8","article-title":"Defects in antigen processing and presentation: mechanisms, immune evasion and implications for cancer vaccine development","volume":"26","author":"Huber","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-1223","article-title":"A. Primary Resistance to PD-1 Blockade Mediated by JAK1\/2 Mutations","volume":"7","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.04.031","article-title":"Direct Activation of STING in the Tumor Microenvironment Leads to Potent and Systemic Tumor Regression and Immunity","volume":"11","author":"Corrales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.05.001","article-title":"Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: Co-inhibitory Receptors with Specialized Functions in Immune Regulation","volume":"44","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10501","article-title":"Adaptive resistance to therapeutic PD-1 blockade is associated with upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints","volume":"7","author":"Koyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910836","article-title":"Five-Year Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma","volume":"381","author":"Larkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109970","article-title":"Investigators R-. Relatlimab and Nivolumab versus Nivolumab in Untreated Advanced Melanoma","volume":"386","author":"Tawbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00226-1","article-title":"Tiragolumab plus atezolizumab versus placebo plus atezolizumab as a first-line treatment for PD-L1-selected non-small-cell lung cancer (CITYSCAPE): primary and follow-up analyses of a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 study","volume":"23","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01363","article-title":"SKYSCRAPER-02: Tiragolumab in Combination With Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Untreated Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"42","author":"Rudin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000957","article-title":"TIGIT in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Chauvin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0007-y","article-title":"Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies","volume":"18","author":"Galon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0175-7","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in cancer immunosuppression - implications for anticancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Togashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00490-y","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity","volume":"21","author":"Veglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00520-5","article-title":"Macrophages as tools and targets in cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"Mantovani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI139434","article-title":"TYRO3 induces anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 therapy resistance by limiting innate immunity and tumoral ferroptosis","volume":"131","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0203-7","article-title":"Navigating metabolic pathways to enhance antitumour immunity and immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.011","article-title":"LDHA-Associated Lactic Acid Production Blunts Tumor Immunosurveillance by T and NK Cells","volume":"24","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"issue":"7519","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13490","article-title":"Functional polarization of tumour-associated macrophages by tumour-derived lactic acid","volume":"513","author":"Colegio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.12.044","article-title":"Lactic acid inhibits the interaction between PD-L1 protein and PD-L1 antibody in the PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade therapy-resistant tumor","volume":"33","author":"Oh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1808","article-title":"Therapeutic Targeting of the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"11","author":"Bejarano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.006","article-title":"Immune checkpoint therapy-current perspectives and future directions","volume":"186","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-0828","article-title":"Evolution of Neoantigen Landscape during Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Anagnostou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.001","article-title":"Allele-Specific HLA Loss and Immune Escape in Lung Cancer Evolution","volume":"171","author":"McGranahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7749","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1032-7","article-title":"TR. Neoantigen-directed immune escape in lung cancer evolution","volume":"567","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02229","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab or Nivolumab Alone Versus Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma","volume":"40","author":"Wolchok","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.75","article-title":"The promise and challenges of immune agonist antibody development in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Mayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5349","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-1243","article-title":"Phase Ib Study of Utomilumab (PF-05082566), a 4-1BB\/CD137 Agonist, in Combination with Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors","volume":"23","author":"Tolcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"424","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib97","article-title":"Enhanced preclinical antitumor activity of M7824, a bifunctional fusion protein simultaneously targeting PD-L1 and TGF-b","volume":"10","author":"Lan","year":"2018","journal-title":"eta. Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2653","article-title":"Phase I Trial of M7824 (MSB0011359C), a Bifunctional Fusion Protein Targeting PD-L1 and TGFbeta, in Advanced Solid Tumors","volume":"24","author":"Strauss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"10481","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02722-3","article-title":"Ivonescimab versus pembrolizumab for PD-L1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (HARMONi-2): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study in China","volume":"405","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.009","article-title":"Eradication of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting Glycosylated PD-L1","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0476-5","article-title":"Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition with PD-1 blockade immunotherapy in BRAF-mutant melanoma","volume":"25","author":"Ribas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.011","article-title":"R. Inhibiting DNA Methylation Causes an Interferon Response in Cancer via dsRNA Including Endogenous Retroviruses","volume":"162","author":"Chiappinelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0049","article-title":"Intratumoral STING Activation with T-cell Checkpoint Modulation Generates Systemic Antitumor Immunity","volume":"5","author":"Ager","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.3377","article-title":"Talimogene Laherparepvec Improves Durable Response Rate in Patients With Advanced Melanoma","volume":"33","author":"Andtbacka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.08.027","article-title":"Oncolytic Virotherapy Promotes Intratumoral T Cell Infiltration and Improves Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy","volume":"170","author":"Ribas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001749","article-title":"Therapeutic depletion of CCR8(+) tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells elicits antitumor immunity and synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy","volume":"9","author":"Van Damme","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.86","article-title":"Targeting immunosuppressive adenosine in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Vijayan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2018.29","article-title":"Enhancing cancer immunotherapy using antiangiogenics: opportunities and challenges","volume":"15","author":"Fukumura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-025-01211-z","article-title":"Linking tumour angiogenesis and tumour immunity","volume":"26","author":"Kabir","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91190","article-title":"IFN-gamma-related mRNA profile predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade","volume":"127","author":"Ayers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-0096-5","article-title":"Personalized circulating tumor DNA analysis as a predictive biomarker in solid tumor patients treated with pembrolizumab","volume":"1","author":"Bratman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"issue":"6371","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","article-title":"Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors","volume":"359","author":"Routy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6371","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","article-title":"Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6371","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3290","article-title":"The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Matson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6264","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4255","article-title":"Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy","volume":"350","author":"Sivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6529","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5920","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients","volume":"371","author":"Baruch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6529","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3363","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients","volume":"371","author":"Davar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6575","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz7015","article-title":"Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response","volume":"374","author":"Spencer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00552-7","article-title":"Enhancing immunotherapy in cancer by targeting emerging immunomodulatory pathways","volume":"19","author":"Kraehenbuehl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib120","series-title":"Bristol-Myers S. Opdivo [package insert]","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib121","series-title":"Keytruda [package insert]","author":"Merck","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib122","unstructured":"Regeneron Pharmaceuticals I. Libtayo [package insert]. In. Tarrytown, NY: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib123","unstructured":"GlaxoSmithKline LLC. Jemperli [package insert]. In. Durham, NC: GlaxoSmithKline LLC; 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib124","unstructured":"Incyte C. Zynyz [package insert]. In. Wilmington, DE: Incyte Corporation; 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib125","unstructured":"Coherus Oncology I. Loqtorzi [package insert]. In. Redwood City, CA: Coherus Oncology, Inc.; 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib126","author":"BeOne Medicines Usa I. Tevimbra [package insert]","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib127","series-title":"Ltd","article-title":"Anniko [package insert]","author":"Akeso Biopharma Co","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib128","series-title":"Genentech, Inc","article-title":"Tecentriq [package insert]","author":"Genentech","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib129","series-title":"Inc","article-title":"Bavencio [package insert]","author":"Emd Serono","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib130","unstructured":"AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP. Imfinzi [package insert]. In. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib131","unstructured":"Sun Pharmaceutical Industries I. Unloxcyt [package insert]. In. Cranbury, NJ: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.; 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407417","article-title":"CheckMate I. Final, 10-year outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma","volume":"392","author":"Wolchok","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661826003191?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661826003191?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T10:55:18Z","timestamp":1789901718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661826003191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":132,"alternative-id":["S1043661826003191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Resistance to PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108404","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108404"}}