{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:04:14Z","timestamp":1789902254895,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":312,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2309900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2309900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:46:23Z","timestamp":1788795983000},"page":"108438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A closed-loop paradigm for precision oncology: Integrating dynamic monitoring, organoid models, and explainable AI"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aibei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangping","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4943-5166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Guo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.02.010","article-title":"Vascular network-inspired diffusible scaffolds for engineering functional midbrain organoids","volume":"32","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Stem Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19058-4","article-title":"Automated microfluidic platform for dynamic and combinatorial drug screening of tumor organoids","volume":"11","author":"Schuster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1039\/C7IB00099E","article-title":"A microfluidic oxygen gradient demonstrates differential activation of the hypoxia-regulated transcription factors HIF-1\u03b1 and HIF-2\u03b1","volume":"9","author":"Rexius-Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr. Biol. (Camb. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123175","article-title":"vitro integration of a functional vasculature to model endothelial regulation of chemotherapy and T-cell immunotherapy in liver cancer","volume":"320","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.07.036","article-title":"Stromal fibroblasts regulate microvascular-like network architecture in a bioengineered breast tumour angiogenesis model","volume":"114","author":"Koch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib6","article-title":"Tissue extracellular matrix hydrogels as alternatives to Matrigel for culturing gastrointestinal organoids","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.006","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Colonoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib8","first-page":"127","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in cancer imaging: Clinical challenges and applications","volume":"69","author":"Bi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ca-a Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib9","article-title":"Artificial intelligence methods to predict chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in breast cancer patients","volume":"36","author":"DeWan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E407","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30159-X","article-title":"An artificial intelligence algorithm for prostate cancer diagnosis in whole slide images of core needle biopsies: a blinded clinical validation and deployment study","volume":"2","author":"Pantanowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40457-w","article-title":"Characterizing cancer metabolism from bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data using METAFlux","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210175","article-title":"Less Severe Polymicrobial Sepsis in Conditional mgmt-Deleted Mice Using LysM-Cre System, Impacts of DNA Methylation and MGMT Inhibitor in Sepsis","volume":"24","author":"Sae-Khow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-021-01220-6","article-title":"CircTMC5 promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis by targeting miR-361-3p\/RABL6","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01031-x","article-title":"Aberrant paracrine signalling for bone remodelling underlies the mutant histone-driven giant cell tumour of bone","volume":"29","author":"Cottone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Death Differ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-0805","article-title":"LKB1-Dependent Regulation of TPI1 Creates a Divergent Metabolic Liability between Human and Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Stein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12226","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c02971","article-title":"Cancer Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles with Self-Functionalized 3D Nanosensor for Real-Time Cancer Diagnosis: Eliminating the Roadblocks in Liquid Biopsy","volume":"16","author":"Haldavnekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acs Nano"},{"issue":"7891","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04217-4","article-title":"Spatial genomics enables multi-modal study of clonal heterogeneity in tissues","volume":"601","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7969","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06225-y","article-title":"Practical recommendations for using ctDNA in clinical decision making","volume":"619","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0825","article-title":"Mutation Analysis of Cell-Free DNA and Single Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with High Circulating Tumor Cell Counts","volume":"23","author":"Shaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e393","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac039","article-title":"\"Game Changer\": Health Professionals' Views on the Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA Testing in Hereditary Cancer Syndrome Management","volume":"27","author":"Shickh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45710-4","article-title":"A microfluidic platform integrating functional vascularized organoids-on-chip","volume":"15","author":"Quintard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-025-00817-2","article-title":"Spatial metabolomics to unravel cellular metabolism","volume":"26","author":"Najumudeen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-021-00366-y","article-title":"Integrated single-cell multiomics analysis reveals novel candidate markers for prognosis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Discov."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01433-8","article-title":"Single-cell multi-omics of mitochondrial DNA disorders reveals dynamics of purifying selection across human immune cells","volume":"55","author":"Lareau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03322-7","article-title":"Panpipes: a pipeline for multiomic single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data analysis","volume":"25","author":"Curion","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-025-03448-3","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis reveals key changes in amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"57","author":"Ramzy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2016.09.013","article-title":"Optimize CA19-9 in detecting pancreatic cancer by Lewis and Secretor genotyping","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib28","article-title":"Deep radiomics-based fusion model for prediction of bevacizumab treatment response and outcome in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Shizhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.248260","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Microemboli as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"62","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01327-8","article-title":"Detection of clustered circulating tumour cells in early breast cancer","volume":"125","author":"Krol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02700-8","article-title":"Single-cell ultra-high-throughput multiplexed chromatin and RNA profiling reveals gene regulatory dynamics","volume":"22","author":"Lobato-Moreno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01863-z","article-title":"De novo detection of somatic mutations in high-throughput single-cell profiling data sets","volume":"42","author":"Muyas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-024-02241-z","article-title":"Tracking single-cell evolution using clock-like chromatin accessibility loci","volume":"43","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.032","article-title":"Time-resolved single-cell transcriptomics defines immune trajectories in glioblastoma","volume":"187","author":"Kirschenbaum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068698","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based mining of electronic health record data to accelerate the digital transformation of the national cardiovascular ecosystem: design protocol of the CardioMining study","volume":"13","author":"Samaras","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1515\/mr-2025-0037","article-title":"Orchestration of tertiary lymphoid structures: decoding developmental mechanisms for next-generation cancer immunotherapies","volume":"5","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00446-5","article-title":"A tumorigenicity evaluation platform for cell therapies based on brain organoids","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076293","article-title":"Airway and Lung Organoids from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Can Be Used to Assess CFTR Conductance","volume":"24","author":"Demchenko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1515\/mr-2023-0047","article-title":"Organoids as preclinical models of human disease: progress and applications","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Rev."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103526","article-title":"Kidney Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Enhanced the Vascularization and Maturation of Human Kidney Organoids","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312423","article-title":"Human pluripotent stem cell-derived acinar\/ductal organoids generate human pancreas upon orthotopic transplantation and allow disease modelling","volume":"66","author":"Hohwieler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01919-3","article-title":"Stratifying esophago-gastric cancer treatment using a patient-derived organoid-based threshold","volume":"23","author":"Schm\u00e4che","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.01.012","article-title":"A human lymphoma organoid model for evaluating and targeting the follicular lymphoma tumor immune microenvironment","volume":"31","author":"Kastenschmidt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Stem Cell."},{"issue":"7776","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1598-0","article-title":"Modelling human hepato-biliary-pancreatic organogenesis from the foregut\u2013midgut boundary","volume":"574","author":"Koike","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102824","article-title":"Profiles of immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.19398","article-title":"Stroma-derived Fibrinogen-like Protein 2 Activates Cancer-associated Fibroblasts to Promote Tumor Growth in Lung Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00908-2021","article-title":"Theratyping cystic fibrosisin vitroin ALI culture and organoid models generated from patient-derived nasal epithelial conditionally reprogrammed stem cells","volume":"58","author":"Sette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.202853","article-title":"Thymic epithelial organoids mediate T-cell development","volume":"151","author":"H\u00fcbscher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"8028","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07791-5","article-title":"Human organoids with an autologous tissue-resident immune compartment","volume":"633","author":"Recaldin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0833","article-title":"Ex Vivo Profiling of PD-1 Blockade Using Organotypic Tumor Spheroids","volume":"8","author":"Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.07.014","article-title":"3D self-organized microvascular model of the human blood-brain barrier with endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes","volume":"180","author":"Campisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400393","article-title":"Dual-Sensing Nanoreporter for Dynamic and High-Throughput Monitoring of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Responses in Tumor-Derived Organoids","volume":"34","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00192","article-title":"Toward Personalized Cancer Treatment: From Diagnostics to Therapy Monitoring in Miniaturized Electrohydrodynamic Systems","volume":"52","author":"Khondakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901784","article-title":"Unlocking the Potential of Organ-on-Chip Models through Pumpless and Tubeless Microfluidics","volume":"9","author":"Delon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115285","article-title":"Biosensors integrated 3D organoid\/organ-on-a-chip system: A real-time biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical monitoring and characterization","volume":"231","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib56","article-title":"Microfluidic Organoid Cultures Derived from Pancreatic Cancer Biopsies for Personalized Testing of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh. )"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib57","article-title":"IFlowPlate-A Customized 384-Well Plate for the Culture of Perfusable Vascularized Colon Organoids","volume":"32","author":"Rajasekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0252746","article-title":"Application of instant assembly of collagen to bioprint cardiac tissues","volume":"9","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"APL Bioeng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201601101","article-title":"Human Skin 3D Bioprinting Using Scaffold-Free Approach","volume":"6","author":"Pourchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-017-1851-4","article-title":"MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Evaluation of Therapeutics in Colorectal Tumor Organoids","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C.M.Y., et al., Use of tryptic peptide MALDI mass spectrometry imaging to identify the spatial proteomic landscape of colorectal cancer liver metastases. 2024.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.24.24301748"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0070-2","article-title":"Lactobacillus accelerates ISCs regeneration to protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa through activation of STAT3 signaling pathway induced by LPLs secretion of IL-22","volume":"25","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Death & Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.11.018","article-title":"Fate and state transitions during human blood vessel organoid development","author":"Nikolova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib64","first-page":"68","article-title":"A stroke organoids-multiomics platform to study injury mechanism and drug response","volume":"44","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00891-1","article-title":"Decoding pan-cancer treatment outcomes using multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence","volume":"6","author":"Keyl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213898","article-title":"MET Signaling Pathways, Resistance Mechanisms, and Opportunities for Target Therapies","volume":"23","author":"Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.02.007","article-title":"Integrated computational analysis identifies therapeutic targets with dual action in cancer cells and T cells","volume":"58","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01093-z","article-title":"Single-cell genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer tumors","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00220-1","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and radiologists in prostate cancer detection on MRI (PI-CAI): an international, paired, noninferiority, confirmatory study","volume":"25","author":"Saha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e703","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00153-X","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for breast cancer detection in screening mammography in Sweden: a prospective, population-based, paired-reader, non-inferiority study","volume":"5","author":"Dembrower","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neumar.2024.100033","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-driven radiological biomarkers: A narrative review of artificial intelligence in meningioma diagnosis","volume":"2","author":"Navarro-Ballester","year":"2025","journal-title":"NeuroMarkers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.08.058","article-title":"Application of Artificial Intelligence to Gastroenterology and Hepatology","volume":"158","author":"Le Berre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1515\/mr-2022-0042","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in theranostics of gastric cancer, a review","volume":"3","author":"Zha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2024-0034","article-title":"Prospects for the application of artificial intelligence in geriatrics","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Int. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib75","article-title":"Applications of artificial intelligence-powered prenatal diagnosis for congenital heart disease","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30738-7","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for diagnosis and grading of prostate cancer in biopsies: a population-based, diagnostic study","volume":"21","author":"Strom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2022.101063","article-title":"DICOM SIVR: A web architecture and platform for seamless DICOM image and volume rendering","volume":"18","author":"Jozi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.027","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence System to Determine Risk of T1 Colorectal Cancer Metastasis to Lymph Node","volume":"160","author":"Kudo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E138","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30003-0","article-title":"Changes in cancer detection and false-positive recall in mammography using artificial intelligence: a retrospective, multireader study","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30637-0","article-title":"Real-time artificial intelligence for detection of upper gastrointestinal cancer by endoscopy: a multicentre, case-control, diagnostic study","volume":"20","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib81","article-title":"Predicting pancreatic cancer using artificial intelligence analysis of pancreatic subregions using computed tomography images","volume":"82","author":"Javed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97645-5","article-title":"Explainable AI for lung cancer detection via a custom CNN on CT images","volume":"15","author":"Hammad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib83","first-page":"109","article-title":"Integrating molecular fingerprints with machine learning for accurate neurotoxicity prediction: an observational study","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181371","article-title":"Detection of Breast Cancer with Mammography: Effect of an Artificial Intelligence Support System","volume":"290","author":"Rodriguez-Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5673","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining to Assess Lung Cancer Risk: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"173","author":"Pinsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31589","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31589","article-title":"3D microtumors in vitro supported by perfused vascular networks","volume":"6","author":"Sobrino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1007990","article-title":"Risk prediction of pancreatic cancer using AI analysis of pancreatic subregions in computed tomography images","volume":"12","author":"Javed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.728086","article-title":"Brain-Inspired Hardware Solutions for Inference in Bayesian Networks","volume":"15","author":"Bagheriye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008735","article-title":"From heterogeneous healthcare data to disease-specific biomarker networks: A hierarchical Bayesian network approach","volume":"17","author":"Becker","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.876691","article-title":"Predicting COVID-19 community infection relative risk with a Dynamic Bayesian Network","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2018.09.003","article-title":"Dynamic prediction of overall survival for patients with high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"27","author":"Rueten-Budde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030690","article-title":"Dynamic Prediction of Near-Term Overall Survival in Patients with Advanced NSCLC Based on Real-World Data","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30171-7","article-title":"Multisite prediction of 4-week and 52-week treatment outcomes in patients with first-episode psychosis: a machine learning approach","volume":"3","author":"Koutsouleris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108302","article-title":"A blockchain-empowered federated learning-based framework for data privacy in lung disease detection system","volume":"158","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Human. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib95","first-page":"143","article-title":"Federated Learning and Differential Privacy Techniques on Multi-hospital Population-scale Electrocardiogram Data","author":"Agrawal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. 2024 8th Int. Conf. Med. Health Inform."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.003","article-title":"Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays","volume":"185","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01508-2","article-title":"Continuous multimodal data supply chain and expandable clinical decision support for oncology","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib98","article-title":"Cancer theragnostics: closing the loop for advanced personalized cancer treatment through the platform integration of therapeutics and diagnostics","volume":"12","author":"Sergeeva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a026625","article-title":"Principles of Reconstructing the Subclonal Architecture of Cancers","volume":"7","author":"Dentro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3891","article-title":"Between-region genetic divergence reflects the mode and tempo of tumor evolution","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI156305","article-title":"A p300\/GATA6 axis determines differentiation and Wnt dependency in pancreatic cancer models","volume":"132","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01883-y","article-title":"Hsa_circ_0136666 stimulates gastric cancer progression and tumor immune escape by regulating the miR-375\/PRKDC Axis and PD-L1 phosphorylation","volume":"22","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701461","article-title":"Canonical TGF-\u03b2 Signaling Pathway Represses Human NK Cell Metabolism","volume":"200","author":"Zaiatz-Bittencourt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202109144","article-title":"A mitochondrial contribution to anti-inflammatory shear stress signaling in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"221","author":"Coon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-018-0036-z","article-title":"Monolayer culture of intestinal epithelium sustains Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110264","article-title":"Comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models for cell growth, gene expression and drug resistance","volume":"107","author":"Fontoura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials Science Engineering C"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-017-0591-4","article-title":"High performance of targeted next generation sequencing on variance detection in clinical tumor specimens in comparison with current conventional methods","volume":"36","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. & Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0325-y","article-title":"Flow-enhanced vascularization and maturation of kidney organoids in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Homan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522556113","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of metabolic function in liver-on-chip microdevices tracks the dynamics of mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"113","author":"Bavli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC00270G","article-title":"Tumor-on-a-chip: a microfluidic model to study cell response to environmental gradients","volume":"19","author":"Ayuso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. a Chip"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib111","first-page":"21","article-title":"Engineering vascularised organoid-on-a-chip: strategies, advances and future perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater. Transl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01711-1","article-title":"Integrative single-cell RNA-seq analysis of vascularized cerebral organoids","volume":"21","author":"Sato","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Yang, et al., Microfluidic bone chip to study osteogenesis of porous substrate topographies in normal and osteoporotic microenvironments. 2024. 47: p. 238-252.","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v047a15"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib114","article-title":"A microfluidic tumor-on-chip platform deciphers hypoxia-driven FOXO3a\/PD-L1 signaling in gastric cancer immunotherapy resistance","volume":"33","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib115","article-title":"Microphysiologically Engineered Vessel-Tumor Model to Investigate Vascular Transport Dynamics of Immune Cells","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC01038H","article-title":"Real-time tracking, retrieval and gene expression analysis of migrating human T cells","volume":"15","author":"Mehling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab. a Chip"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib117","article-title":"Fibroblast-mediated uncaging of cancer cells and dynamic evolution of the physical microenvironment","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-017-0654-6","article-title":"Microfluidic co-culture of pancreatic tumor spheroids with stellate cells as a novel 3D model for investigation of stroma-mediated cell motility and drug resistance","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. & Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib119","article-title":"Multiomics integration reveals NETosis heterogeneity and TLR2 as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202206936","article-title":"Nanofiber Aerogels with Precision Macrochannels and LL-37-Mimic Peptides Synergistically Promote Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"33","author":"John","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib121","article-title":"Drug screening on digital microfluidics for cancer precision medicine","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0350-2","article-title":"Cerebral organoids at the air\u2013liquid interface generate diverse nerve tracts with functional output","volume":"22","author":"Giandomenico","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib123","first-page":"13","article-title":"situ modulation of intestinal organoid epithelial curvature through photoinduced viscoelasticity directs crypt morphogenesis","author":"F. Max Yavitt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c14261","article-title":"Nitric Oxide-Releasing Mesoporous Hollow Cerium Oxide Nanozyme-Based Hydrogel Synergizes with Neural Stem Cell for Spinal Cord Injury Repair","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8386","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00660","article-title":"Effects of Hydrophilicity, Adhesion Work, and Fluid Flow on Biofilm Formation of PDMS in Microfluidic Systems","volume":"3","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SD00004K","article-title":"Uniformity of spheroids-on-a-chip by surface treatment of PDMS microfluidic platforms","volume":"1","author":"Azizipour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. & Diagn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b17630","article-title":"Polydopamine-PEG\u2013Folic Acid Conjugate Film Engineered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Sensing of Folate Binding Protein","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155896","article-title":"A miniaturized microfluidic nanoplasmonic sensor with cavity reflection enhancement for ultrasensitive molecular interaction analysis","volume":"499","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2021.3092292","article-title":"Miniaturized and IoT Enabled Continuous-Flow-Based Microfluidic PCR Device for DNA Amplification","volume":"21","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. NanoBioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2024.115814","article-title":"Portable surface acoustic wave device platform coupled with a paper-based capillary fluidics for real-time biosensing applications","volume":"378","author":"Ntimtsas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122087","article-title":"High-throughput organo-on-pillar (high-TOP) array system for three-dimensional ex vivo drug testing","volume":"296","author":"Jun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S411395","article-title":"Combined SERS Microfluidic Chip with Gold Nanocone Array for Effective Early Lung Cancer Prognosis in Mice Model","volume":"18","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.03.001","article-title":"Separation of ctDNA by superparamagnetic bead particles in microfluidic platform for early cancer detection","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2529","article-title":"The Pharmacoeconomic Benefits of Pemetrexed Dose Individualization in Patients With Lung Cancer","volume":"111","author":"de Rouw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. & Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000535638","article-title":"Cost-Effectiveness of an Individualised Management Program after Stroke: A Trial-Based Economic Evaluation","volume":"58","author":"Orman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.13406","article-title":"Estimating the optimal individualized treatment rule from a cost-effectiveness perspective","volume":"78","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10428","article-title":"Image-based real-timefeedback control of magnetic digital microfluidics by artificialintelligence-empoweredrapid object detector for automated in vitro diagnostics","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioeng. & Transl. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6266","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c10543","article-title":"AI-Enhanced Visual-Spectral Synergy for Fast and Ultrasensitive Biodetection of Breast Cancer-Related miRNAs","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib139","first-page":"190","article-title":"A closed-loop control SLM-based holographic optical tweezers system for manipulating multiple microparticles and cells on a microfluidic chip","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. & Laser Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40680-x","article-title":"Controlled tumor heterogeneity in a co-culture system by 3D bio-printed tumor-on-chip model","volume":"13","author":"Moghimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203368","article-title":"Bioengineered Pancreas\u2013Liver Crosstalk in a Microfluidic Coculture Chip Identifies Human Metabolic Response Signatures in Prediabetic Hyperglycemia","volume":"9","author":"Zandi Shafagh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101141","article-title":"3D Bioprinted Multicellular Vascular Models","volume":"10","author":"Gold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00535A","article-title":"Engineering neurovascular organoids with 3D printed microfluidic chips","volume":"22","author":"Salmon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lab. a Chip"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-0805","article-title":"LKB1-Dependent Regulation of TPI1 Creates a Divergent Metabolic Liability between Human and Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Stein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45710-4","article-title":"A microfluidic platform integrating functional vascularized organoids-on-chip","volume":"15","author":"Quintard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02334-6","article-title":"A tempo-spatial controllable microfluidic shear-stress generator for in-vitro mimicking of the thrombus","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1515\/mr-2023-0059","article-title":"The new era of cardiovascular research: revolutionizing cardiovascular research with 3D models in a dish","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06358-w","article-title":"Spatial relationships and interactions of immune cell niches are linked to the pathologic response of muscle-invasive bladder cancer to neoadjuvant therapy","volume":"23","author":"Wahafu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-3275","article-title":"Prognostic Value of CD8+ T Cells at the Invasive Margin Is Comparable to the Immune Score in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Multicentric Cohort Study","volume":"31","author":"Wankhede","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib150","article-title":"Prognostic value of COL10A1 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in urothelial bladder cancer: A comprehensive study based on bioinformatics and clinical analysis validation","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.009","article-title":"Generation of Tumor-Reactive T Cells by Co-culture of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Tumor Organoids","volume":"174","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87178-2","article-title":"Selective epithelial expression of KRAS(G12D) in the Oncopig pancreas drives ductal proliferation and desmoplasia that is accompanied by an immune response","volume":"15","author":"Jara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0910-974","article-title":"Finding the tumor copycat. Therapy fails, patients don't","volume":"16","author":"Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2024.101073","article-title":"Specifying the choice of EGFR-TKI based on brain metastatic status for advanced NSCLC with EGFR p.L861Q mutation","volume":"58","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.595082","article-title":"Reconstruction of Immune Microenvironment and Signaling Pathways in Endometrioid Endometrial Adenocarcinoma During Formation of Lymphovascular Space Involvement and Lymph Node Metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06376-8","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal the heterogeneity and intercellular communication of cancer-associated fibroblasts in gastric cancer","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadf5464","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf5464","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis reveals the cellular heterogeneity of liver metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-023-00466-w","article-title":"Patient-derived organoids identify tailored therapeutic options and determinants of plasticity in sarcomatoid urothelial bladder cancer","volume":"7","author":"Garioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib159","first-page":"1382","article-title":"Lenvatinib promotes antitumor immunity by enhancing the tumor infiltration and activation of NK cells","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"10126","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30207-1","article-title":"Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial","volume":"391","author":"Kudo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib161","first-page":"84","article-title":"Intestinal stem cells (ISCs): ISCs-derived organoids for disease modeling and therapy","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39813-7","article-title":"High throughput single cell long-read sequencing analyses of same-cell genotypes and phenotypes in human tumors","volume":"14","author":"Shiau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.04.001","article-title":"Simvastatin inhibits sonic hedgehog signaling and stemness features of pancreatic cancer","volume":"426","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib164","article-title":"Significance of bone marrow fibrosis in acute myeloid leukemia for survival in the real-world","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib165","first-page":"137","article-title":"Narrative review on tissue and organ cryopreservation research related to regenerative medicine: from early attempts to future possibilities","volume":"1","author":"Arav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regen. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bpaf012","DOI":"10.1093\/biomethods\/bpaf012","article-title":"Optimizing drug sensitivity assays in patient-derived tumor organoids: a comparison of IC50 estimation methods and experimental parameters","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Methods Protoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603156","article-title":"Growth inhibition and differentiation of human breast cancer cells by the PAFR antagonist WEB-2086","volume":"94","author":"Cellai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib168","article-title":"Human GM-CSF\/IL-3 enhance tumor immune infiltration in humanized HCC patient-derived xenografts","volume":"7","author":"Weinfurtner","year":"2025","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332837","article-title":"Spatial single-cell profiling and neighbourhood analysis reveal the determinants of immune architecture connected to checkpoint inhibitor therapy outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Sali\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i35.4061","article-title":"Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody titer and its association with gastric nodularity, atrophy, and age: A cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Toyoshima","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2024-0038","article-title":"Intratumoral microbiota in orchestrating cancer immunotherapy response","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Int. Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111416","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis programs the differentiation of intestinal secretory lineages to inhibit Salmonella infection","volume":"40","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120058","article-title":"T-cell activation is modulated by the 3D mechanical microenvironment","volume":"252","author":"Majedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11672-x","article-title":"Dynamic profiling of immune microenvironment during anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: the IPRICE study","volume":"23","author":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadr4831","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr4831","article-title":"Acoustic virtual 3D scaffold for direct-interacting tumor organoid-immune cell coculture systems","volume":"10","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-01032-w","article-title":"Intrapleural nano-immunotherapy promotes innate and adaptive immune responses to enhance anti-PD-L1 therapy for malignant pleural effusion","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"8024","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07663-y","article-title":"vivo single-cell CRISPR uncovers distinct TNF programmes in tumour evolution","volume":"632","author":"Renz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24775-5","article-title":"Microfluidic device with brain extracellular matrix promotes structural and functional maturation of human brain organoids","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib179","series-title":"Hematopoietic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells","first-page":"103","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells","author":"Zhang","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-024-00765-7","article-title":"Multimodal learning for mapping genotype-phenotype dynamics","volume":"5","author":"Khodaee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59708-z","article-title":"Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and Pol\u03f4 boosts precision of diverse prime editing systems","volume":"16","author":"Dacquay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6669","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi2246","article-title":"Unbiased transcription factor CRISPR screen identifies ZNF800 as master repressor of enteroendocrine differentiation","volume":"382","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.021","article-title":"Systematic Functional Annotation of Somatic Mutations in Cancer","volume":"33","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33945-y","article-title":"p53 mutation in normal esophagus promotes multiple stages of carcinogenesis but is constrained by clonal competition","volume":"13","author":"Murai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04988-0","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-edited ROS1\u2009+\u2009non-small cell lung cancer cell lines highlight differential drug sensitivity in 2D vs 3D cultures while reflecting established resistance profiles","volume":"22","author":"Terrones","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-022-00013-5","article-title":"CRISPR engineering in organoids for gene repair and disease modelling","volume":"1","author":"Geurts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-022-00150-3","article-title":"Patient-derived tumor organoids for personalized medicine in a patient with rare hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Meier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Med. (Lond. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abilez, O.J., et al., Gastruloids enable modeling of the earliest stages of human cardiac and hepatic vascularization. Science. 388(6751): p. eadu9375.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adu9375"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.040","article-title":"Targeting the crosstalk between cytokine-induced killer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48616-3","article-title":"Drug screening on digital microfluidics for cancer precision medicine","volume":"15","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib191","article-title":"Multiscale dynamic immunomodulation by a nanoemulsified Trojan-TLR7\/8 adjuvant for robust protection against heterologous pandemic and endemic viruses","author":"Yoo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. & Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601458","article-title":"CCR2 Regulates the Immune Response by Modulating the Interconversion and Function of Effector and Regulatory T Cells","volume":"198","author":"Bakos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.09.003","article-title":"Bioprinting 3D microfibrous scaffolds for engineering endothelialized myocardium and heart-on-a-chip","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-1329","article-title":"MRI-Based Digital Models Forecast Patient-Specific Treatment Responses to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"82","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib195","article-title":"IFlowPlate\u2014A Customized 384-Well Plate for the Culture of Perfusable Vascularized Colon Organoids","volume":"32","author":"Rajasekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6521","article-title":"Patient-derived organoid culture in epithelial ovarian cancers\u2014Techniques, applications, and future perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9020","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818210116","article-title":"Cancer stemness, intratumoral heterogeneity, and immune response across cancers","volume":"116","author":"Alex","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syu081","article-title":"Cancer evolution: mathematical models and computational inference","volume":"64","author":"Niko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.2947","article-title":"Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Top Searched Queries About Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jama Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2023.09.001","article-title":"Recent advancements in artificial intelligence for breast cancer: Image augmentation, segmentation, diagnosis, and prognosis approaches","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2022.02.013","article-title":"DKDFN: Domain Knowledge-Guided deep collaborative fusion network for multimodal unitemporal remote sensing land cover classification","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Isprs J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12624","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2024.3433555","article-title":"Co-Enhancement of Multi-Modality Image Fusion and Object Detection via Feature Adaptation","volume":"34","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ieee Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00633-5","article-title":"Multimodal data fusion for cancer biomarker discovery with deep learning","volume":"5","author":"Steyaert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09869-0","article-title":"Decision level scheme for fusing multiomics and histology slide images using deep neural network for tumor prognosis prediction","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"99","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib205","article-title":"Unified Information Fusion Network for Multi-Modal RGB-D and RGB-T Salient Object Detection","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102687","article-title":"Information bottleneck-based interpretable multitask network for breast cancer classification and segmentation","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-02032-8","article-title":"Multimodal Machine Learning in Image-Based and Clinical Biomedicine: Survey and Prospects","volume":"132","author":"Warner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107689","article-title":"A latent batch-constrained deep reinforcement learning approach for precision dosing clinical decision support","volume":"237","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knowl. -Based Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19313-8","article-title":"Network-based machine learning in colorectal and bladder organoid models predicts anti-cancer drug efficacy in patients","volume":"11","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib210","article-title":"Using patient-derived organoids to predict locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer tumor response: A real-world study","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Rep. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e703","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00153-X","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for breast cancer detection in screening mammography in Sweden: a prospective, population-based, paired-reader, non-inferiority study","volume":"5","author":"Dembrower","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02552-9","article-title":"Optimized glycemic control of type 2 diabetes with reinforcement learning: a proof-of-concept trial","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib213","article-title":"Deep transfer learning of cancer drug responses by integrating bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S459150","article-title":"New HCC Subtypes Based on CD8 Tex-Related lncRNA Signature Could Predict Prognosis, Immunological and Drug Sensitivity Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hepatocell. Carcinoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0419","article-title":"Deep Learning to Estimate RECIST in Patients with NSCLC Treated with PD-1 Blockade","volume":"11","author":"Arbour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1483","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA as Liquid Biopsy","volume":"6","author":"Alix-Panabi\u00e8res","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12040220","article-title":"Recent Advances in Microfluidic Platform for Physical and Immunological Detection and Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells","volume":"12","author":"Bhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147400","article-title":"Development of an Automated and Sensitive Microfluidic Device for Capturing and Characterizing Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) from Clinical Blood Samples","volume":"11","author":"Gogoi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plos. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.07.018","article-title":"Microfluidics-based approaches for separation and analysis of circulating tumor cells","volume":"117","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trac. -Trends Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc20750h","article-title":"Microsieve lab-chip device for rapid enumeration and fluorescence in situ hybridization of circulating tumor cells","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab. a chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42517","article-title":"Enrichment of circulating head and neck tumour cells using spiral microfluidic technology","volume":"7","author":"Kulasinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02482-8","article-title":"Label-free tumor cells classification using deep learning and high-content imaging","volume":"10","author":"Piansaddhayanon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2023.13906","article-title":"The use of an artificial intelligence algorithm for circulating tumor cell detection in patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Akashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.02.011","article-title":"Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13122901","article-title":"Successful Patient-Derived Organoid Culture of Gynecologic Cancers for Disease Modeling and Drug Sensitivity Testing","volume":"13","author":"Bi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11867-6","article-title":"Patient-derived lung cancer organoids as in vitro cancer models for therapeutic screening","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.08.008","article-title":"Patient-derived Organoids in Bladder Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges","volume":"11","author":"Radi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Focus."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01327-8","article-title":"Detection of clustered circulating tumour cells in early breast cancer","volume":"125","author":"Krol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib229","article-title":"Black Phosphorus as a Targeting PPAR-\u03b3 Agonist to Reverse Chemoresistance in Patient-derived Organoids, Mice, and Pancreatic Tumor Cells","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib230","first-page":"18","article-title":"Patient-Derived Organoids for Guiding Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Bilateral Primary Breast Cancer: A Case Report","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"OncoTargets & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c05111","article-title":"Microfluidic Chip-Based Automatic System for Sequencing Patient-Derived Organoids at the Single-Cell Level","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib232","article-title":"536. TUMOR-INFORMED \"LIQUID BIOPSY\" FOR ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA FROM MATCHED CANCER ORGANOID CULTURE","author":"Thaiane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2017.12.005","article-title":"Circulating tumor cell-derived organoids: Current challenges and promises in medical research and precision medicine","volume":"1869","author":"Praharaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta-Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34931","article-title":"Establishment of patient-derived organoids for guiding personalized therapies in breast cancer patients","volume":"155","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2015.12.003","article-title":"Microfluidics: A New Tool for Modeling Cancer-Immune Interactions","volume":"2","author":"Boussommier-Calleja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-00990-w","article-title":"Profile of the multicenter cohort of the German Cancer Consortium's Clinical Communication Platform","volume":"38","author":"Maier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib237","first-page":"2","article-title":"Childhood Cancer-Connect: Identifying solutions to elevating the cancer experience for adolescents and young adults with cancer","author":"Roth","year":"2024","journal-title":"JNCI Journal National Cancer Institute"},{"issue":"7924","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05046-9","article-title":"Live-seq enables temporal transcriptomic recording of single cells","volume":"608","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.101198","article-title":"Establishment of patient-derived tumor organoids to functionally inform treatment decisions in metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Martini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Esmo Open."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.02.008","article-title":"Pyruvate metabolism enzyme DLAT promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing leucine catabolism","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0313","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker","volume":"13","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib242","article-title":"LINE-1 ORF1p expression occurs in clear cell ovarian carcinoma precursors and is a candidate blood biomarker","volume":"9","author":"de Santiago","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib243","first-page":"106","article-title":"CRISPR Enabled Precision Oncology: From Gene Editing to Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, D., et al., SGSM2 in Uveal Melanoma: Implications for Survival, Immune Infiltratio n, and Drug Sensitivity. Protein & Peptide Letters. 31(11): p. 894-905.","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298665341953240926041613"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202101010","article-title":"Hierarchy of TGF\u03b2\/SMAD, Hippo\/YAP\/TAZ, and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in melanoma phenotype switching","volume":"5","author":"Luond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156156","article-title":"Yes-associated protein indispensably mediates hirsutine-induced inhibition on cell growth and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer","volume":"135","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-019-03258-0","article-title":"Tumor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the CDK4\/6 inhibitor ribociclib in patients with recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"144","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"8042","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08035-2","article-title":"Early versus deferred use of CDK4\/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer","volume":"636","author":"Sonke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104559","article-title":"Global prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease mutations associated with nirmatrelvir or ensitrelvir resistance","volume":"91","author":"Ip","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib250","article-title":"Ultrasensitive detection of circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a specific multi-cancer biomarker","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv Prepr. Serv. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303088","article-title":"Microfluidic Organoid Cultures Derived from Pancreatic Cancer Biopsies for Personalized Testing of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.09.2802","article-title":"Spatial relationships and interactions of immune cell niches are linked to the pathologic response of muscle-invasive bladder cancer to neoadjuvant therapy","volume":"87","author":"Wahafu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2011.10.010","article-title":"Wettability and surface roughness of thermally modified plywood panels","volume":"36","author":"Candan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC01090F","article-title":"situ monitoring of barrier function on-chip via automated, non-invasive luminescence sensing","volume":"25","author":"Schellberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab. a Chip"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00861-8","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive fluorescence-activated droplet single-cell sorting based on Tetramer-HCR-EvaGreen amplification","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microsyst. & Nanoeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2025.3614789","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Topography Measurement for Confocal Microscopy With Arrayed Laser Spots","volume":"74","author":"Hua","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11242-020-01515-9","article-title":"The Complexity of Porous Media Flow Characterized in a Microfluidic Model Based on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Micro-PIV","volume":"136","author":"de Winter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. Porous Media"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC01090F","article-title":"situ monitoring of barrier function on-chip via automated, non-invasive luminescence sensing","volume":"25","author":"Schellberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25391-z","article-title":"Implantable optical fibers for immunotherapeutics delivery and tumor impedance measurement","volume":"12","author":"Chin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100021","article-title":"Rapid Characterization and Quantification of Extracellular Vesicles by Fluorescence-Based Microfluidic Diffusion Sizing","volume":"11","author":"Paganini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib261","unstructured":"Herman, K., Governing cross-border sharing of genetic data: a new border frontier. 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib262","first-page":"52","article-title":"The European Health Data Space: An expanded right to data portability?","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Law & Secur. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-00977-1","article-title":"Generation and evaluation of synthetic patient data","volume":"20","author":"Goncalves","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7842","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2024\/868","article-title":"Data Ownership and Privacy in Personalized AI Models in Assistive Healthcare","author":"Debic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Thirty-Third Jt. Conf. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-021-01527-2","article-title":"Multi-modal secure healthcare data dissemination framework using blockchain in IoMT","volume":"28","author":"Arul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Personal. Ubiquitous Comput."},{"issue":"4\/5","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2019.2942287","article-title":"AI Fairness 360: An extensible toolkit for detecting and mitigating algorithmic bias","volume":"63","author":"Bellamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102824","article-title":"Profiles of immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging-Us"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1039\/C7IB00099E","article-title":"A microfluidic oxygen gradient demonstrates differential activation of the hypoxia-regulated transcription factors HIF-1\u03b1 and HIF-2\u03b1","volume":"9","author":"Rexius-Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00891-1","article-title":"Decoding pan-cancer treatment outcomes using multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence","volume":"6","author":"Keyl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01508-2","article-title":"Continuous multimodal data supply chain and expandable clinical decision support for oncology","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Digit. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.003","article-title":"Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays","volume":"185","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.032","article-title":"Time-resolved single-cell transcriptomics defines immune trajectories in glioblastoma","volume":"187","author":"Kirschenbaum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2018.09.003","article-title":"Dynamic prediction of overall survival for patients with high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"27","author":"Rueten-Budde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol. -Oxf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1499474","article-title":"Cancer theragnostics: closing the loop for advanced personalized cancer treatment through the platform integration of therapeutics and diagnostics","volume":"12","author":"Sergeeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030690","article-title":"Dynamic Prediction of Near-Term Overall Survival in Patients with Advanced NSCLC Based on Real-World Data","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00882-6","article-title":"A multi-organ chip with matured tissue niches linked by vascular flow","volume":"6","author":"Ronaldson-Bouchard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00467-y","article-title":"MyCTC chip: microfluidic-based drug screen with patient-derived tumour cells from liquid biopsies","volume":"8","author":"Schwab","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsyst. & Nanoeng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-020-00201-6","article-title":"A microfluidic platform for cultivating ovarian cancer spheroids and testing their responses to chemotherapies","volume":"6","author":"Dadgar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsyst. & Nanoeng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05531-5","article-title":"A fully 3D-printed versatile tumor-on-a-chip allows multi-drug screening and correlation with clinical outcomes for personalized medicine","volume":"6","author":"Steinberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4570","article-title":"Biodegradable scaffold with built-in vasculature for organ-on-a-chip engineering and direct surgical anastomosis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1039\/C6LC00638H","article-title":"A 3D neurovascular microfluidic model consisting of neurons, astrocytes and cerebral endothelial cells as a blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"17","author":"Adriani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. a Chip"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24945-5","article-title":"Creating a kidney organoid-vasculature interaction model using a novel organ-on-chip system","volume":"12","author":"Bas-Crist\u00f3bal Men\u00e9ndez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300123","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of CD8+CD27+CXCR3\u2212 T Cell Dysregulation and Progression-Associated Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38426-4","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma reveals cytological and immune microenvironment features","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11507","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.46642","article-title":"Precise and efficient silencing of mutant KrasG12D by CRISPR-CasRx controls pancreatic cancer progression","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2024.102143","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity of infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00697-7","article-title":"The Molecular Twin artificial-intelligence platform integrates multi-omic data to predict outcomes for pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients","volume":"5","author":"Osipov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24775-5","article-title":"Microfluidic device with brain extracellular matrix promotes structural and functional maturation of human brain organoids","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-024-03460-9","article-title":"Establishment of patient-derived organoids and a characterization based drug discovery platform for treatment of gastric cancer","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib290","article-title":"Genome-wide CRISPR screening reveals novel therapeutic targets in RIT1-driven lung cancer","volume":"8","author":"Riley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. & Cell. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.486666","article-title":"Quantifying the drug response of patient-derived organoid clusters by aggregated morphological indicators with multi-parameters based on optical coherence tomography","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-025-02685-4","article-title":"Digitalized organoids: integrated pipeline for high-speed 3D analysis of organoid structures using multilevel segmentation and cellular topology","volume":"22","author":"Ong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25772-4","article-title":"A deep-learning framework for multi-level peptide\u2013protein interaction prediction","volume":"12","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.027","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence System to Determine Risk of T1 Colorectal Cancer Metastasis to Lymph Node","volume":"160","author":"Kudo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03338-z","article-title":"scCross: a deep generative model for unifying single-cell multi-omics with seamless integration, cross-modal generation, and in silico exploration","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i16.1664","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology: Status and challenges","volume":"27","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9020","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818210116","article-title":"Cancer stemness, intratumoral heterogeneity, and immune response across cancers","volume":"116","author":"Miranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syu081","article-title":"Cancer Evolution: Mathematical Models and Computational Inference","volume":"64","author":"Beerenwinkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-02032-8","article-title":"Multimodal Machine Learning in Image-Based and Clinical Biomedicine: Survey and Prospects","volume":"132","author":"Warner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02552-9","article-title":"Optimized glycemic control of type 2 diabetes with reinforcement learning: a proof-of-concept trial","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102271","article-title":"Deep radiomics-based fusion model for prediction of bevacizumab treatment response and outcome in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eclinicalmedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.065","article-title":"Functional nanoplatform for modulating cellular forces to enhance antitumor immunity via mechanotransduction","volume":"379","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12364","article-title":"Activation of Piezo1 contributes to matrix stiffness-induced angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2017.54","article-title":"Matrix stiffness induces epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition and promotes chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"Rice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114513","article-title":"The mechano-chemical circuit in fibroblasts and dendritic cells drives basal cell proliferation in psoriasis","volume":"43","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.83217","article-title":"Mechanical force drives the initial mesenchymal-epithelial interaction during skin organoid development","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11242-020-01515-9","article-title":"The Complexity of Porous Media Flow Characterized in a Microfluidic Model Based on Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Micro-PIV","volume":"136","author":"de Winter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Porous Media"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0584-2","article-title":"A rectal cancer organoid platform to study individual responses to chemoradiation","volume":"25","author":"Ganesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib309","article-title":"Study of the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer (MICO): A Prospective Monocentric Trial","volume":"8","author":"Arcieri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38841-7","article-title":"vivo CRISPR screens reveal Serpinb9 and Adam2 as regulators of immune therapy response in lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Dervovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00779-1","article-title":"Multimodal pooled Perturb-CITE-seq screens in patient models define mechanisms of cancer immune evasion","volume":"53","author":"Frangieh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01839-x","article-title":"Modelling immune cytotoxicity for cholangiocarcinoma with tumour-derived organoids and effector T cells","volume":"127","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661826003531?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043661826003531?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T10:53:30Z","timestamp":1789901610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043661826003531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":312,"alternative-id":["S1043661826003531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A closed-loop paradigm for precision oncology: Integrating dynamic monitoring, organoid models, and explainable AI","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2026.108438","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108438"}}