{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:03:14Z","timestamp":1793113394054,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010829","name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1130303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1130303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010829","name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019D04018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019D04018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81872933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872933"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People&apos;s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX09301068-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX09301068-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T21:54:23Z","timestamp":1562018063000},"page":"153007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ameliorative effect of deoxyvasicine on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction by restoration of cholinergic function in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengcai","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzheng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huida","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7578-4856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2008.30.2.1159649","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial with desoxypeganine, a new cholinesterase and selective MAO-A inhibitor: tolerance and pharmacokinetics study of escalating single oral doses","volume":"30","author":"Algorta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Method. Find. Exp. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0002","first-page":"483","article-title":"Randomized, crossover, single-blind, placebo-controlled, human pharmacology clinical trial with desoxypeganine, a new cholinesterase and selective MAO-A inhibitor: multiple-dose pharmacokinetics","volume":"47","author":"Algorta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.001","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"14","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers. Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90186-8","article-title":"Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function","volume":"15","author":"Ankarcrona","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2018.03.003","article-title":"Malawska. Novel carbamate derivatives as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors","volume":"78","author":"Bajda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.06.096","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of 2-acetyl-benzylamine isolated from Adhatoda vasica L. leaves","volume":"93","author":"Balachandran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205054367838","article-title":"Cholinesterases: roles in the brain during health and disease","volume":"2","author":"Ballard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.08.014","article-title":"Effects of curcumin on short-term spatial and recognition memory, adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of dementia of Alzheimer's type","volume":"335","author":"Bassani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnr.2006.09.004","article-title":"The cellular response in neuroinflammation: the role of leukocytes, microglia and astrocytes in neuronal death and survival","volume":"6","author":"Carson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0010","first-page":"15","article-title":"Dynamin binding protein gene expression and memory performance in aged rats","volume":"3","author":"Casoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207319666151203001708","article-title":"An in silico approach for identification of potential anti-mycobacterial targets of vasicine and related chemical compounds","volume":"19","author":"Chaliha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comb. Chem. High Throughput. Screen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.11.002","article-title":"Structural features and antitussive activity of water extracted polysaccharide from Adhatoda vasica","volume":"83","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.12.015","article-title":"Elevation of serum TNF-\u03b1 levels in mild and moderate Alzheimer patients with daytime sleepiness","volume":"244","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00225-7","article-title":"Adhatoda vasica: a critical review of ethnopharmacological and toxicological data","volume":"72","author":"Claeson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2012.10.003","article-title":"Bis(12)-hupyridone, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, protects against glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity via activating \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor\/phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/akt cascade","volume":"203","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.12.006","article-title":"Huperzine A: a promising anticonvulsant, disease modifying, and memory enhancing treatment option in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"99","author":"Damar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.03.020","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro metabolism and pharmacokinetics of cholinesterase inhibitor deoxyvasicine from aerial parts of Peganum harmala Linn in rats via UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and UPLC-ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"236","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.04.001","article-title":"Peripheral administration of an anti-TNF-a receptor fusion protein counteracts the amyloid induced elevation of hippocampal TNF-a levels and memory deficits in mice","volume":"72","author":"Detrait","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.08.038","article-title":"Reduction of voluntary ethanol consumption in alcohol-preferring Alko alcohol (AA) rats by desoxypeganine and galanthamine","volume":"522","author":"Doetkotte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110001400410","article-title":"Adverse effects associated with the use of donepezil in general practice in England","volume":"14","author":"Dunn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0022","first-page":"52","article-title":"Negative symptoms in patients with alzheimer's disease","volume":"3","author":"Galynker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.12.009","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of polygalacic acid on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03907.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: where are we now?","volume":"97","author":"Halliwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.10.037","article-title":"Effects of harmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on spatial learning and memory of APP\/PS1 transgenic mice and scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice","volume":"768","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.04.049","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of Matricaria chamomilla L. hydroalcoholic extract on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats: a behavioral and molecular study","volume":"47","author":"Ionita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.07.005","article-title":"Oxidative stress: a major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"147","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.11.012","article-title":"Contemporary medicinal-chemistry strategies for the discovery of selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors","volume":"24","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug. Discov. Today."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13125","article-title":"The contribution of astrocytes and microglia to traumatic brain injury","volume":"173","author":"Karve","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0026","first-page":"575","article-title":"Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"4","author":"Kinney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers. Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.10.054","article-title":"Vitamin D3 deficiency in puberty rats causes presynaptic malfunctioning through alterations in exocytotic release and uptake of glutamate\/GABA and expression of EAAC-1\/GAT-3 transporters","volume":"123","author":"Krisanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food. Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.09.004","article-title":"A review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and its management: an update","volume":"67","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000726","article-title":"Adverse events with sustained-release donepezil in Alzheimer disease","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.03.030","article-title":"Swertisin, a C-glucosylflavone, ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice with its adenosine A1 receptor antagonistic property","volume":"306","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21087","article-title":"Astrocytes are GABAergic cells that modulate microglial activity","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.09.031","article-title":"Donepezil-based multi-functional cholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"158","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.03.062","article-title":"Recent progress in the identification of selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.049","article-title":"A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the genus Peganum","volume":"203","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00346","article-title":"Analogous \u03b2-carboline alkaloids harmaline and harmine ameliorate scopolamine-induced cognition dysfunction by attenuating acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mice","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.17.2.209","article-title":"An update on huperzine a as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Little","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Inv. Drug."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.08.005","article-title":"Antitussive, expectorant, and bronchodilating effects of quinazoline alkaloids (\u00b1)-vasicine, deoxyvasicine, and (\u00b1)-vasicinone from aerial parts of Peganum harmala L","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.02.004","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of the inhibitive activities of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases inhibitors by UPLC-ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.04.019","article-title":"Anti-amnesic effect of extract and alkaloid fraction from aerial parts of Peganum harmala on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice","volume":"204","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.11.008","article-title":"20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment via regulation of cholinergic and antioxidant systems, and expression of Egr-1, c-Fos and c-Jun in mice","volume":"279","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.08.027","article-title":"Leptin, hsCRP, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels from normal aging to dementia: relationship with cognitive and functional status","volume":"56","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1291166","article-title":"Standardized extract of Lactuca sativa Linn. and its fractions abrogates scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice: a possible cholinergic and antioxidant mechanism","volume":"21","author":"Malik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.09.016","article-title":"N-palmitoyl serotonin alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment via regulation of cholinergic and antioxidant systems, and expression of BDNF and p-CREB in mice","volume":"242","author":"Min","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/297681a0","article-title":"Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions","volume":"297","author":"Morris","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.05.017","article-title":"Animal models of dementia and cognitive dysfunction","volume":"109","author":"Neha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12003","article-title":"Altered neurochemical profile in the McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat model of Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal in vivo 1H MRS study","volume":"123","author":"Nilsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1454-4","article-title":"Apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease: an understanding of the physiology, pathology and therapeutic avenues","volume":"39","author":"Obulesu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.10.007","article-title":"Asparagus adscendens root extract enhances cognition and protects against scopolamine induced amnesia: an in-silico and in-vivo studies","volume":"260","author":"Pahwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.09.008","article-title":"Vitis labruscana leaf extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced impairments with activation of Akt, ERK and CREB in mice","volume":"36","author":"Pariyar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0053","first-page":"1","article-title":"World Alzheimer report 2018 the state of the art of dementia research: new frontiers","volume":"9","author":"Patterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dis. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.02.033","article-title":"Chlorinated tacrine analogs: design, synthesis and biological evaluation of their anti-cholinesterase activity as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"86","author":"Ragaba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0056","first-page":"1430","article-title":"Facile access to ring-fused aminals via direct \u03b1-amination of secondary amines with ortho-aminobenzaldehydes. Synthesis of vasicine, deoxyvasicine, deoxyvasicinone, mackinazolinone and ruteacarpine","volume":"45","author":"Richers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2012.12.005","article-title":"The anti-inflamm-aging and hepatoprotective effects of huperzine a in d-galactose-treated rats","volume":"134","author":"Ruan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.12.015","article-title":"Features and outcomes of drugs for combination therapy as multi-targets strategy to combat Alzheimer's disease","volume":"215","author":"Sahoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.05.014","article-title":"Recent trends in analytical approaches for detecting neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"105","author":"Sangubotla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends. Analyt. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2016.04.013","article-title":"Recent progress in multifunctional metal chelators as potential drugs for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"327 \u2013328","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2000.2.2\/lschneider","article-title":"A critical review of cholinesterase inhibitors as a treatment modality in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Schneider","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dialogues. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.04.001","article-title":"Monoaminergic neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"151","author":"\u0160imi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0062","first-page":"37","article-title":"Pharmacological characteristics of desoxypeganine hydrochloride","volume":"49","author":"Tuliaganov","year":"1986","journal-title":"Farmakol. Toksikol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00631009","article-title":"Alkaloids of Nitraria komarovii. XIII. Nitramine N-oxide and the structure of dehydroschoberine","volume":"29","author":"Tulyaganov","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1569","article-title":"Abnormal neurotransmitter metabolite levels in Alzheimer patients with a delirium","volume":"21","author":"Van der Cammen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.031","article-title":"Monoaminergic neurotransmitter alterations in postmortem brain regions of depressed and aggressive patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"35","author":"Vermeiren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2014.0177","article-title":"Lactobacillus fermentum NS9 restores the antibiotic induced physiological and psychological abnormalities in rats","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2174\/138945012799499794","article-title":"Ladostigil: a novel multimodal neuroprotective drug with cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities for Alzheimer's disease treatment","volume":"12","author":"Weinreb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Drug. Targets."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.02.010","article-title":"Protective effects of linalool against amyloid beta-induced cognitive deficits and damages in mice","volume":"174","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0068","first-page":"117","article-title":"Effects of huperzine A and B on skeletal muscle and electroencephalogram","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta. Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.03.070","article-title":"Potent AChE and BChE inhibitors isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala Linn by a bioassay-guided fractionation","volume":"168","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of \u03b2-carboline and quinoline alkaloids derivatives from the plants of genus peganum","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0071","first-page":"459","article-title":"Stereoselective glucuronidation metabolism, pharmacokinetics, antiamnesic pharmacodynamics, and toxic properties of vasicine enantiomers in vitro and in vivo. Eur.","volume":"123","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.10.034","article-title":"Peripheral cholinergic disturbances in alzheimer's disease","volume":"157-158","author":"Zolt\u00e1n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90328-8","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, and dopamine metabolites in dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a correlative study","volume":"21","author":"Zubenko","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711319301734?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711319301734?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:14:13Z","timestamp":1778559253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711319301734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0944711319301734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ameliorative effect of deoxyvasicine on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction by restoration of cholinergic function in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"153007"}}