{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:09:09Z","timestamp":1788253749701,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]],"date-time":"2021-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004166","name":"Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NZT\/PM1\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NZT\/PM1\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POMOST\/2013\\u20138\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POMOST\/2013\\u20138\/8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POMOST\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POMOST\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8\/8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T20:48:59Z","timestamp":1633380539000},"page":"153791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Beneficial effects of \u03b2-escin on muscle regeneration in rat model of skeletal muscle injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Sikorska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Dutkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Zegrocka \u2013 Stendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kowalewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Grabowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Koziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30556","article-title":"Interplay of IKK\/NF-kappaB signaling in macrophages and myofibers promotes muscle degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"117","author":"Acharyya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-160183","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Inflammation and Fibrosis of Skeletal Muscles","volume":"3","author":"Alameddine","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0003","unstructured":"Artault de Vevey, S., 1896. Nouvelles applications de l'alcoolature de marrons d'Inde contre les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes, les varices en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et certaines formes d'h\u00e9moptysies."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10926","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47461-5","article-title":"Deletion of NFKB1 enhances canonical NF-kappaB signaling and increases macrophage and myofibroblast content during tendon healing","volume":"9","author":"Best","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2008.11.015","article-title":"Pax3 and Pax7 expression during myoblast differentiation in vitro and fast and slow muscle regeneration in vivo","volume":"33","author":"Brzoska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.3.4.9338","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinases in skeletal muscle: migration, differentiation, regeneration and fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Adh. Migr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164365","article-title":"Molecular Mechanism for Cellular Response to beta-Escin and Its Therapeutic Implications","volume":"11","author":"Domanski","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E802","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00343.2001","article-title":"Mitochondrial biogenesis during skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"282","author":"Duguez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090884","article-title":"Macrophages protect against muscle atrophy and promote muscle recovery in vivo and in vitro: a mechanism partly dependent on the insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling molecule","volume":"176","author":"Dumont","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12557","article-title":"Aldehyde dehydrogenases contribute to skeletal muscle homeostasis in healthy, aging, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients","volume":"11","author":"Etienne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2021.02.001","article-title":"Disease-modifying effects of edasalonexent, an NF-\u03baB inhibitor, in young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: results of the MoveDMD phase 2 and open label extension trial","volume":"31","author":"Finkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0012","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Global Phase 3 Study of Edasalonexent in Pediatric Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: results of the PolarisDMD Trial","author":"Finkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuromuscul. Dis. Preprint"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38609-4","article-title":"Reduced mitochondrial respiration and increased calcium deposits in the EDL muscle, but not in soleus, from 12-week-old dystrophic mdx mice","volume":"9","author":"Gaglianone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2015.00087","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis after injury","volume":"6","author":"Garg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.08.059","article-title":"A role for the myogenic determination gene Myf5 in adult regenerative myogenesis","volume":"312","author":"Gayraud-Morel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133313","article-title":"Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells in Matrigel Impacts the Regeneration of Severely Damaged Skeletal Muscles","volume":"20","author":"Grabowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760","article-title":"Escin, a pentacyclic triterpene, chemosensitizes human tumor cells through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"77","author":"Harikumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03475-5","article-title":"Dysregulation of nuclear receptor COUP-TFII impairs skeletal muscle development","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp191","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition ameliorates pathogenesis and improves skeletal muscle regeneration in muscular dystrophy","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C370","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00453.2002","article-title":"TNF-alpha is a mitogen in skeletal muscle","volume":"285","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.261","article-title":"NF-kappaB negatively impacts the myogenic potential of muscle-derived stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4301","article-title":"Macrophage activation and skeletal muscle healing following traumatic injury","volume":"232","author":"Novak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.193","article-title":"Slowing down differentiation of engrafted human myoblasts into immunodeficient mice correlates with increased proliferation and migration","volume":"20","author":"Riederer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03093-6","article-title":"Adult stem cells at work: regenerating skeletal muscle","volume":"76","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0025","series-title":"Current Topics in Developmental Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385940-2.00007-3","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Fibrosis in Skeletal Muscle Repair and Disease","author":"Serrano","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60185-1","article-title":"Resveratrol alleviates obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation via decreasing M1 macrophage polarization and increasing the regulatory T cell population","volume":"10","author":"Shabani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.010","article-title":"MyoD Regulates Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Metabolism Cooperatively with Alternative NF-&kappa;B","volume":"17","author":"Shintaku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-015-9414-4","article-title":"MMP-14 in skeletal muscle repair","volume":"36","author":"Snyman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2012.03.014","article-title":"Transcriptional dominance of Pax7 in adult myogenesis is due to high-affinity recognition of homeodomain motifs","volume":"22","author":"Soleimani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trapani, L.d., Segatto, M., Jozwiak, A., Swiezewska, E., Pallottini, V., 2013. HMG CoA reductase inhibition by Simvastatin gets rat \u03b2-Myosin heavy chain disappeared: a statin paradox.","DOI":"10.4236\/ojmip.2013.31001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.204","article-title":"Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity identifies a population of human skeletal muscle cells with high myogenic capacities","volume":"17","author":"Vauchez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10763","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010763","article-title":"Arginine metabolism by macrophages promotes cardiac and muscle fibrosis in mdx muscular dystrophy","volume":"5","author":"Wehling-Henricks","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI87414","article-title":"COUP-TFII regulates satellite cell function and muscular dystrophy","volume":"126","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00267","article-title":"Methods for Accurate Assessment of Myofiber Maturity During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Yoshimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173090","article-title":"Macrophage M1\/M2 polarization","volume":"877","author":"Yunna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2017.11.011","article-title":"Function of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 in skeletal muscle, satellite cells and regenerative myogenesis","volume":"72","author":"Zammit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2011.0459","article-title":"Decrease of MMP-9 activity improves soleus muscle regeneration","volume":"18","author":"Zimowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711321003342?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711321003342?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:14:38Z","timestamp":1778559278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711321003342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0944711321003342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beneficial effects of \u03b2-escin on muscle regeneration in rat model of skeletal muscle injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153791","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"153791"}}