{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:02:55Z","timestamp":1790730175660,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:03:29Z","timestamp":1660867409000},"page":"154398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Botanicals in health and disease of the testis and male fertility: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5990-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2073-922X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Brunckhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8015-2674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihe","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2","article-title":"Male infertility","volume":"397","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00314-3","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. (Carob) syrup and vitamin E on sperm parameters, oxidative stress index, and sex hormones in infertile men: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Aghajani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13755","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13755","article-title":"Does Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improve seminal quality?","volume":"52","author":"Alcalde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/571420","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the spermatogenic activity of the root extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in oligospermic males: a pilot study","volume":"2013","author":"Ambiye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102429","article-title":"Clinical effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): a systematic review on clinical trials","volume":"51","author":"Bagherzadeh Karimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13296","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13296","article-title":"Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on semen quality","volume":"51","author":"Banihani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.629591","article-title":"A critical review and scientific prospective on contraceptive therapeutics from ayurveda and allied ancient knowledge","volume":"12","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0008","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Efficacy of compound xuanju capsule combined with bromocriptine on hyperprolactinemia-induced erectile dysfunction","volume":"18","author":"Bian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.10.3.340","article-title":"Effects of anabolic precursors on serum testosterone concentrations and adaptations to resistance training in young men","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.71.5.293","article-title":"Effects of androstenedione-herbal supplementation on serum sex hormone concentrations in 30- to 59-year-old men","volume":"71","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2001.10719061","article-title":"Endocrine and lipid responses to chronic androstenediol-herbal supplementation in 30 to 58 year old men","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.013961","article-title":"Semen quality in patients with Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection treated concurrently with prulifloxacin and a phytotherapeutic agent","volume":"33","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.5301\/uro.5000210","article-title":"A phytotherapic approach to reduce sperm DNA fragmentation in patients with male infertility","volume":"84","author":"Capece","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.01.038","article-title":"Good practice in reviewing and publishing studies on herbal medicine, with special emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia medica","volume":"140","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14001","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14001","article-title":"The effect of Eurycoma Longifolia on the regulation of reproductive hormones in young males","volume":"53","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0016","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Effect of zengjing no. 1 capsule on morphology and motility of sperm in patients with oligospermia","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22733","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022733","article-title":"Compound Xuanju capsule combined with western medicine for the treatment of male oligoasthenotspermia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0018","first-page":"341","article-title":"Yishen Tongluo Recipe combined with minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of varicocele-associated asthenospermia","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2977","article-title":"CONSORT extension for Chinese herbal medicine formulas 2017: recommendations, explanation, and elaboration","volume":"167","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0020","first-page":"243","article-title":"Clinical trial of Butea superba, an alternative herbal treatment for erectile dysfunction","volume":"5","author":"Cherdshewasart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v65.5647","article-title":"Effect of Eurycoma longifolia standardised aqueous root extract-Physta\u00ae on testosterone levels and quality of life in ageing male subjects: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study","volume":"65","author":"Chinnappan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.03.032","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence for complementary and alternative medicine in infertility","volume":"122","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. and Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.04.009","article-title":"Effects of a diet rich in phytoestrogens on prostate-specific antigen and sex hormones in men diagnosed with prostate cancer","volume":"64","author":"Dalais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0024","first-page":"130","article-title":"Efficacy of Nigella sativa on serum free testosterone and metabolic disturbances in central obese male","volume":"42","author":"Datau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Med. Indonesiana"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2007.00210.x","article-title":"Study of the efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"de Andrade","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0026","first-page":"940","article-title":"Qilin pills combined with bromocriptine for idiopathic hyperprolactinemic oligoasthenozoospermia","volume":"19","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0027","first-page":"51","article-title":"Effect of argan and olive oil consumption on the hormonal profile of androgens among healthy adult Moroccan men","volume":"8","author":"Derouiche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1389","article-title":"Ageratum conyzoides L. inhibits 5-alpha-reductase gene expression in human prostate cells and reduces symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy in otherwise healthy men in a double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical study","volume":"43","author":"Detering","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.11.011","article-title":"Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in male infertility: An evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Durg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5006","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15256","article-title":"Declaration of transparency and scientific rigour: checklist for reproducibility of natural product research","volume":"177","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.07.014","article-title":"Escin improves sperm quality in male patients with varicocele-associated infertility","volume":"17","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.008","article-title":"Rosa Damascena oil improved sexual function and testosterone in male patients with opium use disorder under methadone maintenance therapy-results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Farnia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108532","article-title":"An extract of pomegranate fruit and galangal rhizome increases the numbers of motile sperm: a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded trial","volume":"9","author":"Fedder","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0034","series-title":"Thyroid Diseases, Endocrinology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychological aspects of infertility among men","author":"Fisher","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0035","series-title":"Mental Health and Illness of Women","first-page":"127","article-title":"Infertility, new reproductive technologies, and women's mental health","author":"Fisher","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.12.017","article-title":"Guidelines for randomised controlled trials investigating Chinese herbal medicine","volume":"140","author":"Flower","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0037","first-page":"186","article-title":"Effects of the combined therapy of acupuncture with herbal drugs on male immune infertility\u2013a clinical report of 50 cases","volume":"25","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0038","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Qilin pills combined with levofloxacin for asthenospermia accompanied with accessory sex gland infection: a clinical observation","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0039","first-page":"496","article-title":"Effect of modified tianxiong powder in treating oligospermia and asthenospermia","volume":"30","author":"Geng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0040","first-page":"635","article-title":"Danhong Tongjing Prescription improves sperm quality in patients with bilateral varicocele after varicocelectomy","volume":"27","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2002.00519.x","article-title":"Effect of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on sexual desire and its absent relationship with serum testosterone levels in adult healthy men","volume":"34","author":"Gonzales","year":"2002","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0042","first-page":"497","article-title":"Effects of the consumption of Phlebodium Decumanum on plasma cortisol and testosterone levels in subjects participating in an exercise program","volume":"137","author":"Gonzalezjurado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0043","first-page":"800","article-title":"An integrated method works well on varicocele","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0044","first-page":"986","article-title":"Clinical observation on treatment of oligospermia and asthenospermia with Liuwu Shengjing Decoction","volume":"27","author":"Guo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0045","first-page":"1170","article-title":"Treatment of oligospermia\/asthenozoospermia patients by three different Chinese medical principles: a randomized control clinical study","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0046","first-page":"565","article-title":"Furosap, a novel Fenugreek seed extract improves lean body mass and serum testosterone in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical investigation","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Funct. Foods Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R119","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0497","article-title":"Concerns about the widespread use of rodent models for human risk assessments of endocrine disruptors","volume":"147","author":"Habert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2001.20973","article-title":"Postprandial changes in sex hormones after meals of different composition","volume":"50","author":"Habito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3923\/pjn.2011.238.240","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of herbal medicine for oligospermia","volume":"10","author":"Hafeez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pak. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068331","article-title":"Short-term soy isoflavone intervention in patients with localized prostate cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Hamilton-Reeves","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0051","first-page":"281","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Yougui capsules and Wuziyanzong pills on oligoasthenospermia","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k2204","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2204","article-title":"The hidden costs of infertility treatment","volume":"361","author":"Howard","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0053","first-page":"986","article-title":"Influence of chemotherapy with FOLFOX protocol on sex hormones of male patients and the protective effect of herbal medicines for reinforcing Shen and supplementing qi on it","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe ZaZhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0054","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Yiqi Zhujing granule for idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia: a clinical study","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0055","first-page":"647","article-title":"Qilin Pills improve sperm quality in patients with oligozoospermia","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0056","series-title":"Handbook of Endocrine Investigations in Children","first-page":"110","author":"Hughes","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2070895","article-title":"Evaluation of the spermatogenic activity of polyherbal formulation in oligospermic males","volume":"2018","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-12-S1-S23","article-title":"Sexual asthenia: tradamixina versus tadalafil 5 mg daily","volume":"12","author":"Iacono","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0059","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Yangjing capsule plus low-dose tadalafil for functional anejaculation","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0060","series-title":"Guidelines on Male Infertility","first-page":"1","author":"Jungwirth","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.01.011","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Tribulus terrestris in male sexual dysfunction-a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"99","author":"Kamenov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.02.006","article-title":"Effects of Nigella sativa L. seed oil on abnormal semen quality in infertile men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Kolahdooz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13172","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13172","article-title":"Effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance rhizome extract on spermatogram factors in men with idiopathic infertility: a prospective double-blinded randomised clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Kolangi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-018-0257-4","article-title":"Combined extracts of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf supplementation enhances muscle strength and endurance in resistance trained males","volume":"15","author":"Konda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-020-0285-x","article-title":"A systematic review and evidence-based analysis of ingredients in popular male testosterone and erectile dysfunction supplements","volume":"33","author":"Kuchakulla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.26452\/ijrps.v11i3.2353","article-title":"Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study to assess efficacy and safety of NRL\/MW\/201901 in subjects suffering from erectile dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.19.09183-7","article-title":"Caffeine added to coffee does not alter the acute testosterone response to exercise in resistance trained males","volume":"59","author":"Landry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.07.013","article-title":"The use of maca (Lepidium meyenii) to improve semen quality: a systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190125","article-title":"Ginseng for improving semen quality parameters: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2018.1480599","article-title":"A randomized, controlled study of treatment with ojayeonjonghwan for patients with late onset hypogonadism","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.12.002","article-title":"A 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the effect of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) and concurrent training on erectile function and testosterone levels in androgen deficiency of aging males (ADAM)","volume":"145","author":"Leit\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0072","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Effect of Zhibai Dihuang Pill on uPA of Uu-infection infertility patients","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15594","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015594","article-title":"Effectiveness comparison of a Chinese dicitraditionalmene formula Wuzi Yanzong Pill and its analogous prescriptions for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0074","first-page":"543","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of Yihechun Capsules on oligozoospermia and asthenospermia","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0075","first-page":"530","article-title":"Yishen Huoxue Decoction for infertility in elderly men with kidney deficiency and blood stasis","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0076","first-page":"48","article-title":"The effects of high ligation in laparoscopic treatment combined with traditional Chinese medicine on semen quality of infertility patients with varicocele","volume":"28","author":"Linya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000182905.71077.13","article-title":"Nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Lopez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obst. Gynecol. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988319835985","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examining the hormonal and vitality effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in aging, overweight males","volume":"13","author":"Lopresti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17186","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017186","article-title":"An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"98","author":"Lopresti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0080","first-page":"750","article-title":"Clinical study on the treatment of male immune infertility by Huzhangdanshenyin","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2015.03.002","article-title":"Effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa) on male infertility: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Mahdavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6627","article-title":"Effect of fenugreek extract supplement on testosterone levels in male: a meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"34","author":"Mansoori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0083","first-page":"455","article-title":"Oral testosterone undecanoate capsules combined with Qilin Pills for late-onset hypogonadism in males","volume":"23","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0084","first-page":"251","article-title":"Qilin Pills for idiopathic oligoasthenospermia: a multi-centered randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)01052-9","article-title":"Tissue effects of saw palmetto and finasteride: use of biopsy cores for in situ quantification of prostatic androgens","volume":"57","author":"Marks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6359","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7287","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of Lepidium meyenii Walpers in infertile patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Melnikovova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2224-7","article-title":"Evidence for the use of complementary and alternative medicines during fertility treatment: a scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Miner","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.10.004","article-title":"A phase I clinical study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang versus ginseng and valerian on the semen quality of healthy male subjects","volume":"12","author":"Mkrtchyan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0089","first-page":"213","article-title":"Treatment with carnitine, acetyl carnitine, L-arginine and ginseng improves sperm motility and sexual health in men with asthenopermia","volume":"62","author":"Morgante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Urol. Nefrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113157","article-title":"Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal - modern perspectives of an ancient Rasayana from Ayurveda","volume":"264","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4076430","article-title":"Effects of Withania somniferaon reproductive system: a systematic review of the available evidence","volume":"2018","author":"Nasimi Doost Azgomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13041","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13041","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the effects of Withania somnifera with pentoxifylline on the sperm parameters in idiopathic male infertility: a triple-blind randomised clinical trial","volume":"50","author":"Nasimi Doost Azgomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.05.017","article-title":"The aphrodisiac herb Tribulus terrestris does not influence the androgen production in young men","volume":"101","author":"Neychev","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0094","series-title":"Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction","first-page":"1","article-title":"Andrology\u2013male reproductive health and dysfunction","author":"Nieschlag","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0095","first-page":"7","article-title":"Sperm parameters in male idiopathic infertility after treatment with prelox","volume":"46","author":"Nikolova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Akush. Ginekol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00763","article-title":"Role of follicle-stimulating hormone in spermatogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Oduwole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12482","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of purified Shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers","volume":"48","author":"Pandit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-015-2139-9","article-title":"Effects of Korean red ginseng on semen parameters in male infertility patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.170004","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a mixed extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed and Lespedeza cuneata in the treatment of testosterone deficiency syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2019.60.4.275","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of an herbal formula (KBMSI-2) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a preliminary clinical study","volume":"60","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Clinl. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0100","first-page":"983","article-title":"Administration of natural anthocyanins derived from chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) extract in the treatment of oligospermia in males with enhanced autoantibodies to oxidized low density lipoproteins (oLAB). The impact on fructose levels","volume":"72","author":"Paw\u0142owicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(15)30080-7","article-title":"Effect of a comprehensive therapy plus gushenyutai plaster administered at guanyuan (CV 4) on male infertility associated with semen non-liquefaction","volume":"34","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0102","first-page":"983","article-title":"Clinical observation on treatment of male infertility with positive antisperm antibody by self-formulated Xiaokang Zhongzi Recipe","volume":"27","author":"Qi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0103","first-page":"37","article-title":"Chinese medicine of tonifing kidney and dispelling heat type (Bushenqingre) for male immunologic infertility: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Qiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2014.887602","article-title":"A systematic review on the herbal extract Tribulus terrestris and the roots of its putative aphrodisiac and performance enhancing effect","volume":"11","author":"Qureshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3109\/13685538.2015.1135323","article-title":"Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a double-blind randomised clinical study","volume":"19","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6554","article-title":"The effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract on prostate-specific antigen, and prostate function in otherwise healthy men with benign prostate hyperplasia","volume":"34","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0107","first-page":"64","article-title":"Effect of Y virilin on male infertility","volume":"43","author":"Rege","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-017-0257-2","article-title":"Coffee and caffeine intake and male infertility: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Ricci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0109","first-page":"348","article-title":"The effect of five weeks of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during preseason training in elite rugby league players","volume":"21","author":"Rogerson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Streng. Cond. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0110","first-page":"74","article-title":"A systematic review on use of medicinal plants for male infertility treatment","volume":"15","author":"Roozbeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fam. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3294","article-title":"A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia","volume":"25","author":"Safarinejad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.09.015","article-title":"Effect of Tribulus terrestris L. on sperm parameters in men with idiopathic infertility: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Sanagoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2013.09.014","article-title":"Tribulus terrestris versus placebo in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: A prospective, randomized, double blind study","volume":"38","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Urol. Esp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-155","article-title":"Evaluation of a multi-herb supplement for erectile dysfunction: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"12","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0115","first-page":"1139","article-title":"Qilin pills for oligoasthenospermia: a multi-centered clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Shang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.50","article-title":"Sperm counts and fertility in men: a rocky road ahead. Science & society series on sex and science","volume":"13","author":"Sharpe","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.01.051","article-title":"Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine","volume":"140","author":"Shaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0118","first-page":"569","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Yangjing Decoction on idiopathic asthenozoospermia","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0119","first-page":"634","article-title":"Shugan Yiyang Capsules for the treatment of asthenospermia: a clinical study","volume":"21","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa134","article-title":"Examining the effects of herbs on testosterone concentrations in men: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0121","article-title":"Antioxidants for male subfertility","volume":"3","author":"Smits","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0122","first-page":"762","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Shengjing capsule on patients with oligoasthenospermia","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0123","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Compound Xuanju Capsule combined with vitamin E improves sperm chromatin integrity","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0124","first-page":"1","article-title":"A proprietary herbal blend containing extracts of Punica granatum fruit rind and Theobroma cocoa seeds increases serum testosterone level in healthy young males: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study","author":"Sreeramaneni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Diet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901597","article-title":"Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"20","author":"Stanislavov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2592","article-title":"Improvement of seminal parameters with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial","volume":"23","author":"Stanislavov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0127","first-page":"217","article-title":"Sperm quality in men is improved by supplementation with a combination of L-arginine, L-citrullin, roburins and Pycnogenol\u00ae","volume":"66","author":"Stanislavov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Minerva Urol. Nefrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3360","article-title":"Physiological aspects of male libido enhanced by standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and mineral formulation","volume":"25","author":"Steels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1159\/000475388","article-title":"Comparison of finasteride (Proscar) and Serenoa repens (Permixon) in the inhibition of 5-alpha reductase in healthy male volunteers","volume":"26","author":"Strauch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0130","first-page":"621","article-title":"Comparison of clinical efficacy between Huorongbushen and indomethacin in patients with oligospermia or asthenospermia","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0131","first-page":"877","article-title":"Clinical observation of qingre yulin decoction in treatment of male infertility caused by accessory gland infection","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0132","first-page":"764","article-title":"Shengjing prescription improves semen parameters of oligoasthenozoospermia patients: efficacy and mechanism","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0133","first-page":"645","article-title":"Modified Jujing No.2 Decoction for varicocele-induced male infertility","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2017.1364183","article-title":"Effect of pollen, pit powder, and gemmule extract of date palm on male infertility: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Tatar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0135","first-page":"3053","article-title":"Dietary soy has both beneficial and potentially adverse cardiovascular effects: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women","volume":"86","author":"Teede","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12308","article-title":"Combination therapy with antioxidants improves total motile sperm counts: a preliminary study","volume":"19","author":"Terai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e773","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00215-7","article-title":"Infertility\u2014why the silence?","volume":"10","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0138","first-page":"71","article-title":"Eurycoma Longifolia as a potential adoptogen of male sexual health: a systematic review on clinical studies","volume":"15","author":"Thu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0139","first-page":"142","article-title":"The role of manix in the management of idiopathic oligospermia. A pilot study at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital","volume":"18","author":"Tijani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nig. Q. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.02.028","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine research in the post-genomic era: good practice, priorities, challenges and opportunities","volume":"140","author":"Uzuner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2013.07.018","article-title":"Use of selenium-silymarin mix reduces lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate specific antigen in men","volume":"21","author":"Vostalova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0143","first-page":"805","article-title":"Clinical observation on electroacupuncture and Chinese drug for treatment of oligospermia and asthenospermia of the male infertility patient","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0144","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Treating oligospermia patients of Shen-essence deficiency syndrome by 3 different treatment programs: a clinical observation","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0145","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Gujing Maisiha Tablets combined with natural vitamin E for the treatment of idiopathic asthenospermia","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12787","article-title":"Vitamins combined with traditional Chinese medicine for male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-020-3211-7","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety evaluation of Qixiong Zhongzi Decoction in idiopathic asthenozoospermia treatment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e820","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00098-5","article-title":"Prevalence of intimate partner violence against infertile women in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-86","article-title":"The effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on sex hormone-binding globulin and endogenous sex hormone levels: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Wedick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0150","series-title":"WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6219 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0151","first-page":"S21","article-title":"Evaluating the safety of herbal medicines: integrated toxicological approaches","volume":"347","author":"Williamson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0077","article-title":"Isoflavones in treating watchful waiting benign prostate hyperplasia: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0153","first-page":"346","article-title":"Jiarong Tablets combined with Testosterone Undecanoate Capsules for late-onset hypogonadism in males: a multicentered clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0154","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Herb-separated moxibustion on navel combined with Ningmitai capsule for non-liquefaction semen with dampness and heat diffusing downward: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-01417-4","article-title":"Frustration overChinese academic database charges","volume":"605","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0156","first-page":"74","article-title":"Traditional Chinese therapy of tonifying the kidney and invigorating blood circulation reduces sperm DNA damage and improves natural pregnancy in infertile males","volume":"26","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0157","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Shenfu Qiangjing decoction improves non-inflammatory and non-liquefied semen in kidney-yang deficiency men","volume":"15","author":"Xiong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0159","first-page":"3406","article-title":"Overview of reproductive toxicity studies on Tripterygium wilfordii in recent 40 years","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0160","first-page":"220","article-title":"Clinical observation on effect of jingling oral liquid in treating infertile patients with varicocele after varicocelectomy","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0161","first-page":"568","article-title":"Shengjing tablets for semen non-liquefaction: a clinical study of 100 cases","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0162","first-page":"549","article-title":"Qilin Pills combined with clomiphene for idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0163","first-page":"635","article-title":"Huanshao Capsules for oligoasthenospermia: a multicentered clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0164","first-page":"601","article-title":"Effect of pill on immunity and endocrine function of elderly with kidney-yang deficiency","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9274148","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine as adjuvant therapy for refractory androgenetic alopecia","volume":"2019","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1519\/1533-4287(2002)016<0179:EOGIOG>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Effects of ginseng ingestion on growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor 1 responses to acute resistance exercise","volume":"16","author":"Youl Kang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib180","first-page":"223","article-title":"Clinical observation on effect of combination of zhuanyindan and hormone in treating male infertility with positive antisperm antibody","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.009","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology and the World Health Organization revised glossary of ART terminology","volume":"92","author":"Zegers-Hochschild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-009-0177-x","article-title":"Dietary supplement with a combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Ginkgo biloba enhances the endurance performance in healthy volunteers","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0169","first-page":"665","article-title":"Qianlie Beixi capsule for unliquefiable semen: a clinical study of 180 cases","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0170","first-page":"661","article-title":"Combination of compound Xuanju capsule and tamoxifen citrate for idiopathic oligozoospermia","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0171","first-page":"902","article-title":"Testicular artery-sparing microscopic varicocelectomy combined with Qilin Pills for bilateral varicocele-induced oligoasthenospermia","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0172","first-page":"361","article-title":"Yijingfang for the treatment of asthenospermia: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0173","first-page":"67","article-title":"Huanshao Capsules combined with levocarnitine for the treatment of asthenospermia, oligospermia and teratozoospermia","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6109104","article-title":"The therapeutic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula Wuzi Yanzong Pill for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"2018","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0175","first-page":"218","article-title":"Clinical study on retarding aging effect of tongbu recipe to traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0176","first-page":"647","article-title":"The method of tonifying kidneys and activating blood circulation increases testosterone secretion index in late-onset hypogonadism males with kidney deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0177","first-page":"833","article-title":"Kidney-tonifying Chinese medicine for male infertility: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154049","article-title":"Antifibrotic activities of Scutellariae Radix extracts and flavonoids: Comparative proteomics reveals distinct and shared mechanisms","volume":"100","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711322004871?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711322004871?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T18:40:17Z","timestamp":1760553617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711322004871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":179,"alternative-id":["S0944711322004871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Botanicals in health and disease of the testis and male fertility: A scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154398","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"154398"}}