{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:23:36Z","timestamp":1790785416467,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81920108033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81920108033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82122074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82122074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82130115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82130115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M681368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M681368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T03:05:03Z","timestamp":1689995103000},"page":"154982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Red ginseng extracts ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by activating the intestinal TGR5-mediated bile acids signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4145-2751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongxi","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunjiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longchan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7394-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2797-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengtao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-3300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12969","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12969","article-title":"A scoping review on economic globalization in relation to the obesity epidemic","volume":"21","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.08.038","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 decreases lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic steatophepatitis","volume":"64","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2013.2889","article-title":"Korean red ginseng improves glucose control in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Bang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Food."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2019.108298","article-title":"Bile acid receptor TGR5 is critically involved in preference for dietary lipids and obesity","volume":"76","author":"Bensalem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8","article-title":"Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Bl\u00fcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102759","article-title":"Ileo-colonic delivery of conjugated bile acids improves glucose homeostasis via colonic GLP-1-producing enteroendocrine cells in human obesity and diabetes","volume":"55","author":"Calderon","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.04.056","article-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Panax red ginseng extract regulates energy expenditures by modulating PKA dependent lipid mobilization in adipose tissue","volume":"447","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093090","article-title":"The effects of korean red ginseng on biological aging and antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal women\u00a0: a double-blind randomized controlled study","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.004","article-title":"The solute carrier family 10 (SLC10): beyond bile acid transport","volume":"34","author":"Claro Da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.07.034","article-title":"Bile acid transporter-mediated oral drug delivery","volume":"327","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control. Rel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.03.038","article-title":"Notoginsenoside Ft1 acts as a TGR5 agonist but FXR antagonist to alleviate high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta. Pharm. Sin. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","article-title":"Review mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"27","author":"Drucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1021\/jm500829b","article-title":"Discovery of intestinal targeted TGR5 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Duan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154223","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based profiling and imaging strategy, a fit-for-purpose tool for unveiling the transformations of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng during processing","volume":"103","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.01.001","article-title":"Metabolic effects of intestinal absorption and enterohepatic cycling of bile acids","volume":"5","author":"Ferrebee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta. Pharm. Sin. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200831010-00005","article-title":"Orlistat-associated adverse effects a critical review","volume":"31","author":"Filippatos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00327-x","article-title":"Metabolic Messengers\u00a0: glucagon-like peptide 1","volume":"3","author":"Gribble","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2017","article-title":"Impaired adipogenesis and dysfunctional adipose tissue in human hypertrophic obesity","volume":"98","author":"Hammarstedt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.07.003","article-title":"TGR5 agonist ameliorates insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles and improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice","volume":"99","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00390-6","article-title":"The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance","volume":"22","author":"James","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091496","article-title":"Effect of lactic acid bacteria on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ginsenosides in mice","volume":"13","author":"Jeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.120.000435","article-title":"Ginsenoside Ro ameliorates high-fat diet\u2013induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice via activation of the G protein\u2013coupled bile acid receptor 5 pathway","volume":"377","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-015-2146-x","article-title":"Adjuvant effects of fermented red ginseng extract on advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23032","article-title":"The membrane-bound bile acid receptor TGR5 is localized in the epithelium of human gallbladders","volume":"50","author":"Keitel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FP0040184","article-title":"Effect of crude saponin of Korean red ginseng on high-fat diet- induced obesity in the rat","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-014-0362-0","article-title":"Ginsenoside metabolite compound K stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells via bile acid receptor activation","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2694-7_5","article-title":"Western blotting: an introduction","volume":"1312","author":"Kurien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Western Blotting"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00468","article-title":"Allspice and clove as source of triterpene acids activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5","volume":"17","author":"Ladurner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.11.052","article-title":"Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) prevents obesity by inhibiting angiogenesis in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food. Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3610","article-title":"Korean red ginseng (panax ginseng) improves insulin sensitivity in high fat fed sprague- dawley rats","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0031","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gut microbiome prolongs an inhibitory effect of Korean red ginseng on high-fat-diet-induced mouse obesity","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/945901","article-title":"Yang \/Qi invigoration\u00a0: an herbal therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome with yang deficiency\u00a0?","volume":"2015","author":"Leong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-5-20","article-title":"Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review","volume":"5","author":"Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200216666151103115454","article-title":"Bile acids in physiology, pathology and pharmacology","volume":"17","author":"Marin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0735-y","article-title":"Post-marketing withdrawal of anti-obesity medicinal products because of adverse drug reactions\u00a0: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Onakpoya","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104108","article-title":"The effect of Korean Red Ginseng on sarcopenia biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"90","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01561.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms acid-stimulated secretion","volume":"165","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00063.2017","article-title":"Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance","volume":"98","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30649","article-title":"A tale of two complications of obesity\u00a0: NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Renumathy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.016203","article-title":"Muscle-specific TGR5 overexpression improves glucose clearance in glucose-intolerant mice","volume":"296","author":"Sasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.005","article-title":"Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Sayin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0042","first-page":"277","article-title":"Role of the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) in the control of thyroid hormone signaling","volume":"1830","author":"Schneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.08.032","article-title":"Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) inhibits obesity and improves lipid metabolism in high fat diet-fed castrated mice","volume":"210","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20060537","article-title":"Targeted deletion of Gpbar1 protects mice from cholesterol gallstone formation","volume":"430","author":"Vassileva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.005","article-title":"Obesity and dyslipidemia","volume":"92","author":"Vekic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2006.04.003","article-title":"Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes\u00a0: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety","volume":"18","author":"Vuksan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017020222","article-title":"FXR\/TGR5 dual agonist prevents progression of nephropathy in diabetes and obesity","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04330","article-title":"Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation","volume":"439","author":"Watanabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.12.001","article-title":"Childhood obesity: increased risk for cardiometabolic disease andcancer in adulthood","volume":"92","author":"Weihrauch-bl\u00fcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i22.3553","article-title":"Bile acid interactions with cholangiocytes","volume":"12","author":"Xia","year":"2006","journal-title":"World. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0051","first-page":"776","article-title":"Metabolomic and genomic evidence for compromised bile acid homeostasis by senecionine, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid","volume":"27","author":"Xiong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0513-y","article-title":"Short-term GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide ameliorates intramyocellular lipid deposition without weight loss in ob\/ob mice","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3896-5","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonist promotes brown remodelling in mouse white adipose tissue through SIRT1","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0054","article-title":"Stronger anti-obesity effect of white ginseng over red ginseng and the potential mechanisms involving chemically structural\/compositional specificity to gut microbiota","volume":"74","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4660","article-title":"A Combination of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extract Enhances Their Individual Anti-Obesity Properties in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL\/6J Obese Mice","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Food."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.731288","article-title":"Gut microbiota: novel therapeutic target of ginsenosides for the treatment of obesity and its complications","volume":"12","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711323003434?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711323003434?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T18:49:22Z","timestamp":1760554162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711323003434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0944711323003434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Red ginseng extracts ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by activating the intestinal TGR5-mediated bile acids signaling pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154982","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"154982"}}