{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:13:42Z","timestamp":1790612022957,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":249,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T07:20:52Z","timestamp":1714720852000},"page":"155708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its anthraquinone derivatives: Potential candidates for pancreatitis treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxia","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiling","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322163","article-title":"Critical thresholds: key to unlocking the door to the prevention and specific treatments for acute pancreatitis","volume":"70","author":"Barreto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31318-0","article-title":"Chronic pancreatitis","volume":"396","author":"Beyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0003","unstructured":"Bian, Z., Tsang, S.W., Lu, A., Xiao, H., Qin, H., Chan, S.C., Xu, H., Chen, S., Yang, D., 2013. Method of using rhein for treating fibrotic conditions and tumors. Patent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31310-6","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis","volume":"396","author":"Boxhoorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303955","article-title":"Recent advances in inflammatory bowel disease: mucosal immune cells in intestinal inflammation","volume":"62","author":"Cader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0006","series-title":"Study On the Substances and Mechanisms Against the Toxicity of Rhubarb By Compatibility","author":"Cai","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116920","article-title":"Chaiqin chengqi decoction alleviates acute pancreatitis by targeting gasdermin d-mediated pyroptosis","volume":"318","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-017-0158-5","article-title":"Advances in bio-active constituents, pharmacology and clinical applications of rhubarb","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182652096","article-title":"Role of the gut barrier in acute pancreatitis","volume":"46","author":"Capurso","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.05.006","article-title":"Emodin induces embryonic toxicity in mouse blastocysts through apoptosis","volume":"299","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0011","first-page":"365","article-title":"Mechanisms of therapeutic effects of rhubarb on gut origin sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J. Traumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0012","first-page":"6039","article-title":"Study on optimum purification process of total anthraquinones in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei extract by macroporous resin","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.11.001","article-title":"Effects of free anthraquinone of rhubarb on immune function of mesenteric lymph nodes in rats with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shandong Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.10.011","article-title":"A novel GC\u2013MS method for determination of chrysophanol in rat plasma and tissues: application to the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and plasma protein binding studies","volume":"973","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0015","first-page":"15","article-title":"Research progress of effect of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its anthraquinone in treatment of autoimmune diseases","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201300648","article-title":"Application of an efficient strategy based on liquid-liquid extraction, high-speed counter-current chromatography, and preparative HPLC for the rapid enrichment, separation, and purification of four anthraquinones from Rheum tanguticum","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199901000-00006","article-title":"The effect of sennosides on bacterial translocation and survival in a model of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1789","article-title":"Meta-analysis of efficacy of rhubarb combined with early enteral nutrition for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0019","first-page":"82","article-title":"The mechanism of rhubarb in the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Sichuan Univ. (Med. Sci.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0020","first-page":"1239","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of rhubarb in treatment of acute pancreatitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Pharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15022","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902017000215022","article-title":"Metabolic analysis of the effect of rheum on a taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis rat model","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127363","article-title":"Identification of rhein as the metabolite responsible for toxicity of rhubarb anthraquinones","volume":"331","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0023","series-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic of China: Volume I","first-page":"24","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7259","article-title":"Emodin alleviates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury by decreasing pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor expression and promoting polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5316","article-title":"Disturbances of the microcirculation in acute pancreatitis","volume":"93","author":"Cuthbertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0026","first-page":"39","article-title":"The application of six-fu in the treatment of acute pancreatitis","volume":"2","author":"Deng","year":"2000","journal-title":"New Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.2912","article-title":"Quantification of conjugated metabolites of drugs in biological matrices after the hydrolysis with \u03b2-glucuronidase and sufatase: a review of bio-analytical methods","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0028","first-page":"53","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 131I-labeled emodin following intravenous administration to animals","volume":"22","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Basic Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020354","article-title":"The interplay between inflammation, coagulation and endothelial injury in the early phase of acute pancreatitis: clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Dumnicka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0030","first-page":"388","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of 10 anthraquinones in rhubarb based on HPLC-Q-HR\/MS","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0031","first-page":"281","article-title":"Comparison of contents of flavonoids anthraquinones and alkaloids among different compatibilities of medicinal materials in Xiexin decoction","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.12.131","article-title":"Rhubarb attenuates the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis by inhibiting MAPKs in rats","volume":"4","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-017-0495-1","article-title":"Adaptive immune cell dysregulation and role in acute pancreatitis disease progression and treatment","volume":"66","author":"Fonteh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0034","unstructured":"Fu, C., Fu, Z.G., 2015. Rhubarb total anthraquinone and its compositions with stable and uniform proportions were used in the treatment of pancreatitis. Patent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111479","article-title":"Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora","volume":"138","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S247103","article-title":"Emodin protects against acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by inhibiting NLPR3 inflammasome activation via Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.041","article-title":"Organ failure due to systemic injury in acute pancreatitis","volume":"156","author":"Garg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110770","article-title":"Intestinal barrier damage, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and acute lung injury: a troublesome trio for acute pancreatitis","volume":"132","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5992","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5992","article-title":"Effect of severe acute pancreatitis on pharmacokinetics of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction components","volume":"15","author":"Gong","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200208000-00007","article-title":"Mechanisms of Chinese herb emodin and somatostatin analogs on pancreatic regeneration in acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"25","author":"Gong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.01.015","article-title":"AMPK and TOR: the yin and yang of cellular nutrient sensing and growth control","volume":"31","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.08.071","article-title":"Autophagy, inflammation, and immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis","volume":"153","author":"Gukovskaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000002098","article-title":"Emodin alleviates sodium taurocholate-induced pancreatic ductal cell damage by inhibiting the S100A9\/VNN1 signaling pathway","volume":"51","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.35823","article-title":"Exosomes and pancreatic diseases: status, challenges, and hopes","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278113","article-title":"Comparative study of the Rheum tanguticum's chemical contents based on spatial distribution characteristics","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.082","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis: a multifaceted set of organelle and cellular interactions","volume":"156","author":"Habtezion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114029","article-title":"Chaiqin chengqi decoction ameliorates acute pancreatitis in mice via inhibition of neuron activation-mediated acinar cell SP\/NK1R signaling pathways","volume":"274","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/00498254.2014.984794","article-title":"Reactive metabolite activation by CYP2C19-mediated rhein hepatotoxicity","volume":"45","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6096","article-title":"Rhubarb combined with trypsin inhibitor for severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.10.008","article-title":"Emodin attenuates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury by suppressing pancreatic exosome-mediated alveolar macrophage activation","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027","article-title":"Assessment of the anti-inflammatory effects of three rhubarb anthraquinones in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages using a pharmacodynamic model and evaluation of the structure-activity relationships","volume":"273","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116266","article-title":"Optimal timing of free total rhubarb anthraquinones on immune regulation in rats with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"308","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0053","first-page":"54","article-title":"Free anthraquinones in dahuang improves liver injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis by inhibiting NLRP3\/caspase-1 pathway","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20094","article-title":"Anti-cancer properties of anthraquinones from rhubarb","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.925727","article-title":"The effects of rhein and honokiol on metabolic profiles in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.153996","article-title":"Temporal metabolic trajectory analyzed by LC-MS\/MS based targeted metabolomics in acute pancreatitis pathogenesis and Chaiqin Chengqi decoction therapy","volume":"99","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.10.008","article-title":"Metabolism and mutual biotransformations of anthraquinones and anthrones in rhubarb by human intestinal flora using UPLC-Q-TOF\/MS","volume":"1104","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0058","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Histopathology of acute kidney injury in SD rats induced by three monomer components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix","volume":"19","author":"Huo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharmacovigil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2016.05.001","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in acute pancreatitis: mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"16","author":"Jakkampudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0060","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by metabolites of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang): a review of the potential mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10289","article-title":"Emodin ameliorates acute pancreatitis-induced lung injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neutrophil recruitment","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2014.00117","article-title":"Cell death and DAMPs in acute pancreatitis","volume":"20","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0063","series-title":"Effects of Compatibility of Rhubarb and Huangqi On the Toxicity and Oxidative Stress of Rhubarb On HK-2 Cells","author":"Lai","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0158-2","article-title":"New insights into acute pancreatitis","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2022.04.006","article-title":"Rhein activated Fas-induced apoptosis pathway causing cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo","volume":"363","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-014-1820-2","article-title":"Inhibition of 32Dp210 cells harboring T315I mutation by a novel derivative of emodin correlates with down-regulation of BCR-ABL and its downstream signaling pathways","volume":"141","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.06.011","article-title":"Dual pancreas- and lung-targeting therapy for local and systemic complications of acute pancreatitis mediated by a phenolic propanediamine moiety","volume":"212","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3615","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i20.3615","article-title":"Perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine in pancreas protection for acute pancreatitis","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i1.35","article-title":"Emodin and baicalein inhibit sodium taurocholate-induced vacuole formation in pancreatic acinar cells","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0070","first-page":"14","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of aloe-emodin for experimental acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"China Med. Herald"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0071","first-page":"34","article-title":"Studies on pharmacokinetics and the tissue distribution of aloe-emodin in mice","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Materia Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq282","article-title":"Emodin triggers DNA double-strand breaks by stabilizing topoisomerase II-DNA cleavage complexes and by inhibiting ATP hydrolysis of topoisomerase II","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22830","article-title":"Apoptotic effects of rhein through the mitochondrial pathways, two death receptor pathways, and reducing autophagy in human liver L02 cells","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0074","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Protective effects of emodin on intestinal lesion in rat model with acute necrotizing pancreatitis","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sichuan Univ. (Med. Sci.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2008.01.003","article-title":"Up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 was suppressed by emodin and baicalin in the setting of acute pancreatitis","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0076","first-page":"201","article-title":"Emodin and baicalein inhibit pancreatic stromal derived factor-1 expression in rats with acute pancreatitis","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0077","first-page":"640","article-title":"Effects of emodin on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 protein in rats with severe acute pancreatitis-associated renal injury","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"West China Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153525","article-title":"A multi-strategy platform for quality control and Q-markers screen of Chaiqin chengqi decoction","volume":"85","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6629729","article-title":"Dahuang danshen decoction inhibits pancreatic fibrosis by regulating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v17.i10.1018","article-title":"Effect of emodin on transforming growth factor-\u03b21 in rat pancrestic stellate cells","volume":"17","author":"Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Chin. J. Digestol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109531","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity and mechanism study of chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside in vitro","volume":"120","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154727","article-title":"Effectiveness of Chengqi-series decoctions in treating severe acute pancreatitis: a Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"113","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0789-y","article-title":"Anti-fibrotic effects of phenolic compounds on pancreatic stellate cells","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0084","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Effect of emodin on severe acute pancreatitis accompanying myocardial damage and its mechanism","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad. J. Chin. PLA Med. Sch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X1950037X","article-title":"Emerging role of chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.104921","article-title":"Subchronic oral toxicity study of rhubarb extract in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"123","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153148","article-title":"Aloe-emodin induces hepatotoxicity by the inhibition of multidrug resistance protein 2","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0088","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Emodin ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by inhibiting the ATF6\/CHOP pathway in alveolar macrophages","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0089","first-page":"1014","article-title":"In vitro effect of emodin on peritoneal macrophage intracellular adhesion molecule-3 in rats with severe acute pancreatitis followed by systemic inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Remed. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0090","first-page":"55","article-title":"Separation and purification of five anthraquinones from crude extracts of rhubarb","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.08.032","article-title":"Coupling of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and multidrug resistance-associated proteins is responsible for the intestinal disposition and poor bioavailability of emodin","volume":"265","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0092","first-page":"14","article-title":"Effect of rhubarb on acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin. J. Dig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0093","first-page":"2834","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics study of emodin combined with baicalein in normal and type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-015-2080-y","article-title":"Effect of acute pancreatitis on the pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal micron Liuhe Pill ointment in rats","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0095","first-page":"1827","article-title":"The influence of free anthraquinone of rhubarb in sever acute pancreatitis induced hepatic injury","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0096","first-page":"223","article-title":"Biochemical study of chinese rhubarb XXX. Immunosuppressive effects of anthraquinone derivatives","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. China Pharm. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.05.040","article-title":"The effect of Chinese herbal medicine on non-biliogenic severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.11.007","article-title":"Emodin inhibits human sperm functions by reducing sperm [Ca(2+)]i and tyrosine phosphorylation","volume":"51","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117336","article-title":"Stool-softening effect and action mechanism of free anthraquinones extracted from Rheum palmatum L. on water deficit-induced constipation in rats","volume":"319","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0100","series-title":"The Study On Pharmacodynamics and Serum Pharmacochemistry of Rhubarb after Compatibilities","author":"Mai","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21391","article-title":"Anthraquinones as pharmacological tools and drugs","volume":"36","author":"Malik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000139846","article-title":"Antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of anthraquinones and anthrones","volume":"47","author":"Malterud","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.41","article-title":"Secretory IgA's complex roles in immunity and mucosal homeostasis in the gut","volume":"4","author":"Mantis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TX00410E","article-title":"The UCP2-related mitochondrial pathway participates in rhein-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells","volume":"6","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res. (Camb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3370","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511276200","article-title":"Cell death in pancreatitis: caspases protect from necrotizing pancreatitis","volume":"281","author":"Mareninova","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.081","article-title":"Genetics, cell biology, and pathophysiology of pancreatitis","volume":"156","author":"Mayerle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.20317","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis: a review","volume":"325","author":"Mederos","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0108","first-page":"389","article-title":"Effect of emodin assissting early enteral nutrition in treatment of severe acute pancreatitis on blood rheology and immune function","volume":"37","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Arch. Trad. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.13191118","article-title":"AKI associated with acute pancreatitis","volume":"14","author":"Nassar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500899","article-title":"Rhubarb extract prevents hepatic inflammation induced by acute alcohol intake, an effect related to the modulation of the gut microbiota","volume":"61","author":"Neyrinck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1771","article-title":"In vitro effects of emodin on peritoneal macrophages that express membrane-bound CD14 protein in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis\/systemic inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0112","first-page":"1167","article-title":"Effects of emodin on cell apoptosis of intestinal mucosa and serum leptin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"7","author":"Ning","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(17)60041-9","article-title":"Emodin alleviates intestinal mucosal injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis via the caspase-1 inhibition","volume":"16","author":"Ning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1637","article-title":"Toxicological effect of emodin in mouse testicular gene expression profile","volume":"31","author":"Oshida","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0115","first-page":"659","article-title":"Effect of emodin combined with octreotide in the treatment of acute pancreatitis and its influence on serum aquaporin levels","volume":"36","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Northwest Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00056","article-title":"Activity-guided chemo toxic profiling of Cassia occidentalis (CO) seeds: detection of toxic compounds in body fluids of CO-exposed patients and experimental rats","volume":"28","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2017.12.024","article-title":"Interaction of anthraquinones of Cassia occidentalis seeds with DNA and Glutathione","volume":"5","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166123","article-title":"Metabolomic-based clinical studies and murine models for acute pancreatitis disease: a review","volume":"1867","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0087-5","article-title":"Global epidemiology and holistic prevention of pancreatitis","volume":"16","author":"Petrov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.02.007","article-title":"Aloe emodin induces hepatotoxicity by activating NF-\u03baB inflammatory pathway and P53 apoptosis pathway in zebrafish","volume":"306","author":"Quan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1166\/mex.2021.2044","article-title":"Study on the effect of polyethylene glycol emodin in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"11","author":"Quanhua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153647","article-title":"Honokiol: a review of its pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights","volume":"90","author":"Rauf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0123","first-page":"162","article-title":"Role of a virus in hemorrhagic pancreatitis and the therapeutic effect of rhubarb","volume":"10","author":"Ren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med. (Chin.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.268","article-title":"Early intra-acinar events in pathogenesis of pancreatitis","volume":"156","author":"Saluja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0125","first-page":"581","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of emodin on dysregulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Shang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0126","first-page":"143","article-title":"Intervention effect of emodin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis associated with acute lung injury","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Critical. Care. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185725","article-title":"Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum in rats and ex vivo antioxidant activity","volume":"75","author":"Shia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.08.003","article-title":"Steady-state pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anthraquinones of Rhei Rhizoma in rats","volume":"137","author":"Shia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0922-y","article-title":"An experimental study on providing a scientific evidence for seven-time alcohol-steaming of Rhei Rhizoma when clinically used","volume":"15","author":"Sim","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1467","article-title":"Metabolic analysis of rhubarb extract by rat intestinal bacteria using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"25","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12111495","article-title":"The emerging roles of the adaptive immune response in acute pancreatitis","volume":"12","author":"Stojanovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-020-00352-8","article-title":"Integrated assessment of medicinal rhubarb by combination of delayed iuminescence and HPLC fingerprint with emphasized on bioactivities based quality control","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0133","first-page":"117","article-title":"Comparison of intestinal absorption characteristics between rhubarb traditional Chinese medicine preparation and activity ingredients using in situ and in vitro model","volume":"15","author":"Ta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0134","first-page":"555","article-title":"Isolation and purification of chrysophanol and its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in rabbits","volume":"32","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. New Drugs Clin. Rem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738420941765","article-title":"Effects of emodin on intestinal mucosal barrier by the upregulation of miR-218a-5p expression in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis","volume":"34","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082201","article-title":"Rhein, a natural anthraquinone derivative, attenuates the activation of pancreatic stellate cells and ameliorates pancreatic fibrosis in mice with experimental chronic pancreatitis","volume":"8","author":"Tsang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118183","article-title":"Baicalein: a metabolite with promising antineoplastic activity","volume":"259","author":"Tuli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.958523","article-title":"Efficacy of rhubarb combined with early enteral nutrition for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181b2bd31","article-title":"Protecting effects of emodin on multiorgan failure of rats with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"38","author":"Wan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4464-7","article-title":"Value of raw rhubarb solution in the precaution of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patients with high-risk factors: a predictive random compared research in one center","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i3.378","article-title":"Effect of emodin on pancreatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0142","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of anthraquinones from medicinal plants","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0143","first-page":"42","article-title":"Study on the improvement of the extraction method of free anthraquinone from rhubarb by orthogonal test","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":". Hubei Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153738","article-title":"Effects of QingYi decoction on inflammatory markers in patients with acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0145","first-page":"29638","article-title":"The effect of emodin-assisted early enteral nutrition on severe acute pancreatitis and secondary hepatic injury","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0152-1","article-title":"Protective effects of emodin combined with danshensu on experimental severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1736024","article-title":"Protective effects of emodin-induced neutrophil apoptosis via the Ca2+-Caspase 12 pathway against SIRS in rats with severe acute pancreatitis","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0148","first-page":"2498","article-title":"Study toxicity-attenuating effect and dose-toxicity relationship of rhubarb by processing based on correspondence analysis","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0149","first-page":"885","article-title":"Effect of processing on the chemical contents and hepatic and renal toxicity of rhubarb studied by canonical correlation analysis","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024498","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity or hepatoprotection? Pattern recognition for the paradoxical effect of the Chinese herb Rheum palmatum L. in treating rat liver injury","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0151","first-page":"31","article-title":"The influence of free anthraquinone of rhubarb in sever acute pancreatitis induced kidney injury","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0152","first-page":"273","article-title":"Emodin exerts its therapeutic effects through metabolic remodeling in severe acute pancreatitis-related intestinal injury","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0153","first-page":"85","article-title":"Studies on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of rhubarb anthraquinones in mice","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.01.042","article-title":"Potential role of metabolomics apporoaches in the area of traditional Chinese medicine: as pillars of the bridge between Chinese and Western medicine","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520500347105","article-title":"Potential mechanisms and significance of acute pancreatitis-associated liver injury","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0156","first-page":"4821","article-title":"Research progress on chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and predictive analysis on quality markers","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0157","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota - an unmissable bridge to severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106321","article-title":"The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: the protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids","volume":"182","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.04.074","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarbs by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and mass spectrometry","volume":"141","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0160","series-title":"Sennoside A upsets the Balance of Intestinal Microbial Composition and Damages Colonic Mucosal Barrier","author":"Wei","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12425","article-title":"Emodin inhibits the progression of acute pancreatitis via regulation of lncRNA TUG1 and exosomal lncRNA TUG1","volume":"24","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153328","article-title":"Chaiqin chengqi decoction alleviates severity of acute pancreatitis via inhibition of TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome: identification of bioactive ingredients via pharmacological sub-network analysis and experimental validation","volume":"79","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.112938","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiling studies of sennoside B by UPLC-MS\/MS and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS","volume":"179","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0164","first-page":"293","article-title":"Effect of emodin and sandostatin on metabolism of eicosanoids in acute necrotizing pancreatitis","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1773","article-title":"Emodin attenuates calcium overload and endoplasmic reticulum stress in AR42J rat pancreatic acinar cells","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9634-y","article-title":"Effect of emodin on endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.09.029","article-title":"Emodin-induced hepatotoxicity was exacerbated by probenecid through inhibiting UGTs and MRP2","volume":"359","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2020.122200","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of nineteen compounds of Dahuang zhechong pill in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS\/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study","volume":"1151","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0169","first-page":"590","article-title":"Protective effects of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its anthraquinone effective components on pancreatic acinar cell injury","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tradit. Chin. Drug Res. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3979","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3979","article-title":"Use of liquid chromatography hybrid triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry for the detection of emodin metabolites in rat bile and urine","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.05.006","article-title":"In vitro glucuronidation of five rhubarb anthraquinones by intestinal and liver microsomes from humans and rats","volume":"219","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3070","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of anthraquinones in rat plasma after oral administration of a rhubarb extract","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0173","article-title":"Emodin ameliorates acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury through inhibiting the alveolar macrophages pyroptosis","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0174","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Study on the content changes of free and combined anthraquinones in the decocting process of rhubarb powder","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0175","first-page":"824","article-title":"Influences of adjuvants in the recipe of xiaochengqitang on the dissolution of anthraquinones from medicinal rhubarb into the decoction","volume":"31","author":"Xi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01077-z","article-title":"Emodin attenuates severe acute pancreatitis via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"42","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i17.2132","article-title":"Emodin promoted pancreatic claudin-5 and occludin expression in experimental acute pancreatitis rats","volume":"18","author":"Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i24.2994","article-title":"Emodin enhances alveolar epithelial barrier function in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis","volume":"16","author":"Xia","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01488","article-title":"Emodin alleviates sodium taurocholate-induced pancreatic acinar cell injury via microrna-30a-5p-mediated inhibition of high-temperature requirement a\/transforming growth factor beta 1 inflammatory signaling","volume":"8","author":"Xiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00216","article-title":"Chinese herbal medicines attenuate acute pancreatitis: pharmacological activities and mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Xiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72447","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA16446C","article-title":"iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis for identification of biomarkers associated with emodin against severe acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"6","author":"Xiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-020-00370-6","article-title":"What we already know about rhubarb: a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0183","first-page":"3319","article-title":"Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction process of free anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum L","volume":"39","author":"Xie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anhui Agri. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123831","article-title":"Effects of anthraquinones on immune responses and inflammatory diseases","volume":"27","author":"Xin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4509","article-title":"Emodin disrupts the Notch1\/Nrf2\/GPX4 antioxidant system and promotes renal cell ferroptosis","volume":"43","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00075","article-title":"Free total rhubarb anthraquinones protect intestinal injury via regulation of the intestinal immune response in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"9","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15525","article-title":"Effect of emodin on long non-coding RNA-mRNA networks in rats with severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.103760","article-title":"Proteomic analysis reveals the protective effects of emodin on severe acute pancreatitis induced lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil proteases activity","volume":"220","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12627","article-title":"Emodin ameliorates acute lung injury induced by severe acute pancreatitis through the up-regulated expressions of AQP1 and AQP5 in lung","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0190","article-title":"Emodin alleviates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury by inhibiting the cold-inducible rna-binding protein (CIRP)-mediated activation of the NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2\/CXCL1 signaling","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.01.068","article-title":"The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer","volume":"144","author":"Yadav","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0192","first-page":"22","article-title":"Optimization of extraction technology of free anthraquinones from rheum","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food and Drug"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.03.031","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity study of total rhubarb anthraquinones on Sprague Dawley rats using DNA microarrays","volume":"107","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0194","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Effects of three Polygonum multiflorum monomers on liver injury in rats","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001931","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine formulas alleviate acute pancreatitis: pharmacological activities and mechanisms","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0196","first-page":"84","article-title":"Experimental studies of therapeutic effect of Rheum officinale on acute pancreatitis","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0197","first-page":"828","article-title":"Meta-analysis of preclinical studies on emodin in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with acute lung injury","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eval. Anal. Drug-Use Hosp. China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.149649","article-title":"Biomimetic delivery of emodin via macrophage membrane-coated UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles for acute pancreatitis treatment","volume":"702","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0199","first-page":"306","article-title":"Treating moderately severe acute pancreatitis with raw rhubarbs by intranasal jejuna injection: a randomized clinical analysis","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6743","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S428924","article-title":"Emodin ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury in rats by modulating exosome-specific miRNA expression profiles","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0201","article-title":"Rhein protects against severe acute pancreatitis in vitro and in vivo by regulating the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0202","first-page":"551","article-title":"Study on potential toxic mechanism of chrysophanol binding DNA by saturation value binding DNA","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0203","first-page":"494","article-title":"A comparative study on the absorption kinetics parameters of rhubarb free anthraquinones between normal dogs and dogs with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0204","first-page":"139","article-title":"Visual analysis of Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) related research in recent 10 years based on CiteSpace","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Guid. J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000339","article-title":"Effects of rhubarb on intestinal flora and toll-like receptors of intestinal mucosa in rats with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"44","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2789","article-title":"Emodin has a protective effect in cases of severe acute pancreatitis via inhibition of nuclear factor-\u03baB activation resulting in antioxidation","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0207","first-page":"366","article-title":"Effect of emodin on bile of chronic pancreatitis of rats","volume":"28","author":"Ye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Arch. Trad. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(00)00108-4","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of anthraquinones and anthrone","volume":"70","author":"Yen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3735","article-title":"Analysis of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of aloe-emodin following intravenous and oral administrations in rats","volume":"30","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001080","article-title":"Emodin attenuates autophagy response to protect the pancreas from acute pancreatitis failure","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0212","first-page":"6","article-title":"Alcohol metabolism and epigenetics changes","volume":"35","author":"Zakhari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117873","article-title":"Free total rhubarb anthraquinones protect intestinal mucosal barrier of SAP rats via inhibiting the NLRP3\/caspase-1\/GSDMD pyroptotic pathway","volume":"326","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0214","first-page":"2424","article-title":"Review about structure-function relationships of anthraquinone derivatives from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei","volume":"33","author":"Zong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0215","first-page":"13","article-title":"Separation of the effective components from rheum","volume":"11","author":"Zou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Anal. Meterage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0216","first-page":"250","article-title":"Rapid determination of total content of five major anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma by NIR spectroscopy","volume":"9","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0217","series-title":"Study On the Syndrome (disease)-dosage relationship of Traditional Chinese medicines: An instantiation Using Rhubarb","author":"Zhang","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114297","article-title":"Nephroprotective and nephrotoxic effects of Rhubarb and their molecular mechanisms","volume":"160","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.04.002","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic comparisons of major bioactive components after oral administration of raw and steamed rhubarb by UPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"171","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/02652048.2021.1993363","article-title":"Hydrophobic ion-pairing assembled liposomal Rhein with efficient loading for acute pancreatitis treatment","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0221","first-page":"511","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic comparision in absorption of rhein in SD rats and beagle dogs","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0222","first-page":"1589","article-title":"Emodin attenuates adenosine triphosphateinduced pancreatic ductal cell injury in vitro via the inhibition of the P2X7\/NLRP3 signaling pathway","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0223","first-page":"270","article-title":"Emodin attenuated severe acute pancreatitis via the P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7\/NOD-like receptor protein 3 signaling pathway","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0224","first-page":"753","article-title":"Expression and clinical significance of rhubarb on serum amylase and TNF-alpha of rat model of acute pancreatitis","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0225","first-page":"95","article-title":"Degradation function of rhubarb and emodin on pancreatic extracellular matrix in rats","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Shanghai J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i14.2095","article-title":"Effects of emodin and baicalein on rats with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2007.B0147","article-title":"Study progress in therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0228","first-page":"172","article-title":"Protective effect of rhubarb free anthraquinone on intestinal barrier injury in beagle dogs induced by severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Form."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2021.1940353","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of five rhubarb anthraquinones in rats after oral administration of effective fraction of anthraquinones from rheum officinale","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7321352","article-title":"Protective effects of Rhubarb in rats with acute pancreatitis and the role of its active compound rhein on mitochondria of exocrine cells","volume":"2018","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.13037FP","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of four major phytochemical components of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction to treat acute pancreatitis","volume":"122","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1408594","article-title":"Emodin attenuates cell injury and inflammation in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0234","article-title":"Tissue pharmacology of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction in experimental acute pancreatitis in rats","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112587","article-title":"Epigenetic changes in inflammatory genes and the protective effect of cooked rhubarb on pancreatic tissue of rats with chronic alcohol exposure","volume":"146","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.10.036","article-title":"Effect of acute pancreatitis on the pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal ointment Liu-He-Dan in anaesthetized rats","volume":"145","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0233","article-title":"Rhein induces a necrosis-apoptosis switch in pancreatic acinar cells","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i7.1005","article-title":"Protective effects of rhubarb on experimental severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0238","first-page":"1390","article-title":"Effect of rhubarb-free anthraquinone in the treatment of acute pancreatitis with adipose-derived stem cell transplantation in rats","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tissue Eng. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0239","first-page":"9","article-title":"Review of rhubarbs: chemistry and pharmacology","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0240","first-page":"437","article-title":"Effect of Rhubarb administered via different routes on blood inflammatory cytokines levels of patients with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i17.2094","article-title":"Acute lung injury and ARDS in acute pancreatitis: mechanisms and potential intervention","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001894","article-title":"Emodin alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction by inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the immune response in severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0243","first-page":"1727","article-title":"Effect of compound emodin-baicalein and its separated recipes on rat severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. J. West China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.09.053","article-title":"Add-on effect of crude rhubarb to somatostatin for acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"194","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0245","first-page":"304","article-title":"Pharmacological study on free anthraquinones compounds in rhubarb in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis","volume":"39","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.12.018","article-title":"The endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in apoptosis induced by aloe-emodin in HK-2 cells","volume":"50","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4647","article-title":"Curcumin protects against acute renal injury by suppressing JAK2\/STAT3 pathway in severe acute pancreatitis in rats","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201600256","article-title":"Profiling and analysis of multiple compounds in rhubarb decoction after processing by wine steaming using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS coupled with multiple statistical strategies","volume":"39","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201900264","article-title":"Synthesis and anti-inflammatory effects of novel emodin derivatives bearing azole moieties","volume":"353","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110224","article-title":"Hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity of chinese herb rhubarb (dahuang): how to properly control the \"general (jiang jun)\" in chinese medical herb","volume":"127","author":"Zhuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711324003672?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711324003672?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T00:02:17Z","timestamp":1717286537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711324003672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":249,"alternative-id":["S0944711324003672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its anthraquinone derivatives: Potential candidates for pancreatitis treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155708","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"155708"}}