{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:53:04Z","timestamp":1793213584487,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82104465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012165","name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1601600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1601600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012165","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T17:11:09Z","timestamp":1730999469000},"page":"156202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"special_numbering":"C","title":["20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 alleviates diabetic retinal injury in T2DM mice by attenuating ROS-mediated ER stress through the activation of the Nrf2\/HO-1 axis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Wen-lin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-guang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0001","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein-2 induces non-canonical inflammatory and oxidative pathways in human retinal endothelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Al-Shabrawey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23062965","article-title":"Complexity of NAC action as an antidiabetic agent: opposing effects of oxidative and reductive stress on insulin secretion and insulin signaling","volume":"23","author":"Argaev-Frenkel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0003","first-page":"282","article-title":"Pleiotropic attenuating effect of Ginkgo biloba against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction via improving Bcl-2\/mTOR\/ERK1\/2\/Na+-K+-ATPase activities","volume":"16","author":"Asiwe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0004","first-page":"202","article-title":"Hypoglycemic effects of Tibetan medicine Huidouba in STZ-induced diabetic mice and db\/db mice","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8118","article-title":"20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress via the Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0006","first-page":"98","article-title":"Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194936","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative injury via the NAD-PARP-SIRT axis in rat retinal capillary endothelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110915","article-title":"Ginsenosides for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms","volume":"132","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0009","first-page":"542","article-title":"Scutellarin alleviates liver injury in type 2 diabetic mellitus by suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106481","article-title":"Protective effect of berberine in diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis revealing the mechanism of action","volume":"185","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121202","article-title":"Maltol attenuates polystyrene nanoplastic-induced enterotoxicity by promoting AMPK\/mTOR\/TFEB-mediated autophagy and modulating gut microbiota","volume":"322","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23542","article-title":"Interaction between microglia and retinal pigment epithelial cells determines the integrity of outer blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"67","author":"Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101799","article-title":"Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications","volume":"37","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.02.001","article-title":"Molecular basis of the inner blood-retinal barrier and its breakdown in diabetic macular edema and other pathological conditions","volume":"34","author":"Klaassen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-005-0814-6","article-title":"ER stress-induced caspase-12 activation is inhibited by PKC in neuronal cells","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Apoptosis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108618","article-title":"Ginsenoside 20(R)-Rg3 enhances natural killer cell activity by increasing activating receptor expression through the MAPK\/ERK signaling pathway","volume":"107","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2022.0117","article-title":"Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Visual Deficits in Diabetic tie2-TNF Transgenic Mice via TGR5 Signaling","volume":"39","author":"Lenin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.05.042","article-title":"Down-regulation of GRP78 enhances apoptosis via CHOP pathway in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"575","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X20500561","article-title":"Rare Ginsenoside 20(R)-Rg3 Inhibits D-Galactose-Induced Liver and Kidney Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113500","article-title":"Alleviative effects of 20(R)-Rg3 on HFD\/STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy via MAPK\/NF-kappaB signaling pathways in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"267","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102460","article-title":"Capsaicin ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting poldip2-induced oxidative stress","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0022","first-page":"263","article-title":"Protective role of fruits of Rosa odorata var. gigantea against WIRS-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats by modulating pathway related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117786","article-title":"Review on the potential roles of traditional Chinese medicines in the prevention, treatment, and postoperative recovery of age-related cataract","volume":"324","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2223-0","article-title":"Role of Nrf2\/HO-1 system in development, oxidative stress response and diseases: an evolutionarily conserved mechanism","volume":"73","author":"Loboda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9067610","article-title":"Melatonin suppresses ferroptosis induced by high glucose via activation of the Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis","volume":"2020","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101728","article-title":"Procyanidin B2 mitigates endothelial endoplasmic reticulum stress through a PPARdelta-Dependent mechanism","volume":"37","author":"Nie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117148","article-title":"High glucose augments ROS generation regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via stress signalling cascades in keratinocytes","volume":"241","author":"Rizwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154667","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction by stimulating macrophage M2 polarization via potentiating Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"112","author":"Sha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9361","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29740","article-title":"Knockdown of NEAT1 exerts suppressive effects on diabetic retinopathy progression via inactivating TGF-beta1 and VEGF signaling pathways","volume":"235","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106123","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates high glucose-induced retinal endothelial injury through AMPK-STRT1 interdependence","volume":"179","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.009","article-title":"Intercellular transmission of hepatic ER stress in obesity disrupts systemic metabolism","volume":"33","author":"Tirosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01776-5","article-title":"Targeting K(Ca)3.1 channels to overcome erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells","volume":"10","author":"Todesca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death. Discov."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2002.00932.x","article-title":"Diabetes and advanced glycation endproducts","volume":"251","author":"Vlassara","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10339","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c07311","article-title":"Platycodin D ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced myocardial injury by activating the AMPK signaling pathway","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16012","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.12","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3766","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15531","article-title":"SHARPIN promotes cell proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma and inhibits ferroptosis via p53\/SLC7A11\/GPX4 signaling","volume":"113","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X21500828","article-title":"Protective Effect of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Against Cisplatin-Induced Renal Toxicity via PI3K\/AKT and NF-[Formula: see text]B Signaling Pathways Based on the Premise of Ensuring Anticancer Effect","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0038","article-title":"TGR5 Activation Ameliorates Mitochondrial Homeostasis via Regulating the PKCdelta\/Drp1-HK2 Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.01.010","article-title":"Inhibiting effect of Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","article-title":"Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.03.030","article-title":"20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3, a rare saponin from red ginseng, ameliorates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing PI3K\/AKT pathway-mediated inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"59","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711324008596?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711324008596?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T02:44:09Z","timestamp":1747968249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711324008596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0944711324008596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 alleviates diabetic retinal injury in T2DM mice by attenuating ROS-mediated ER stress through the activation of the Nrf2\/HO-1 axis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156202","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"156202"}}