{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:55:31Z","timestamp":1790823331193,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T08:15:24Z","timestamp":1743754524000},"page":"156717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The antidiabetic properties of lignans: a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8883-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murtala Bindawa","family":"Isah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1901-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasir","family":"Tajuddeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5592-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aminu","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Auwal","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Melzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0055-7322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360701612942","article-title":"Lignans and human health","volume":"44","author":"Adlercreutz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(87)90200-7","article-title":"Effect of dietary components, including lignans and phytoestrogens, on enterohepatic circulation and liver metabolism of estrogens and on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)","volume":"27","author":"Adlercreutz","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100751","article-title":"Lariciresinol displays anti-diabetic activity through inhibition of \u03b1-glucosidase and activation and enhancement of insulin signaling","volume":"66","author":"Alam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.02.015","article-title":"Magnolia dealbata Zucc and its active principles honokiol and magnolol stimulate glucose uptake in murine and human adipocytes using the insulin-signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Alonso-Castro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000078631","article-title":"Nordihydroguairetic acid, a lignin, prevents oxidative stress and the development of diabetic nephropathy in rats","volume":"72","author":"Anjaneyulu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111248","article-title":"Microencapsulation as a tool to counteract the typical low bioavailability of polyphenols in the management of diabetes","volume":"139","author":"Annunziata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.06.021","article-title":"Honokiol: a non-adipogenic ppar\u03b3 agonist from nature","volume":"1830","author":"Atanasov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.09.031","article-title":"The sesame lignan sesamin attenuates vascular dysfunction in streptozotocin diabetic rats: involvement of nitric oxide and oxidative stress","volume":"698","author":"Baluchnejadmojarad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.01.015","article-title":"Hypoglycemic effects of the wood of Taxus yunnanensis on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and its active components","volume":"13","author":"Banskota","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/585170","article-title":"Flaxseed lignan complex administration in older Human type 2 diabetics manages Central obesity and prothrombosis\u2014an invitation to further investigation into polypharmacy reduction","author":"Barre","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0011","unstructured":"Barros, J.B.S., Santos, R. da S., Reis, A.A. da S., 2019. Implication of the MAPK signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.07.004","article-title":"Estrogen receptors: new players in diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Barros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.02.044","article-title":"The effect of enterolactone on liver lipid precursors of inflammation","volume":"221","author":"Berk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NP00021E","article-title":"Recent advances in research on lignans and neolignans","volume":"33","author":"Bertrand Teponno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518001824","article-title":"7-Hydroxymatairesinol improves body weight, fat and sugar metabolism in C57BJ\/6 mice on a high-fat diet","volume":"120","author":"Biasiotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.766220","article-title":"No evidence of hypoglycemia or hypotension in older adults during 6 months of flax lignan supplementation in a randomized controlled trial: a safety evaluation","volume":"51","author":"Billinsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12083","article-title":"Beneficial effects of silibinin against the progression of metabolic syndrome, increased oxidative stress, and liver steatosis in Psammomys obesus, a relevant animal model of human obesity and diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Bouderba","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb07979.x","article-title":"Protection of islet cells from inflammatory cell death in vitro","volume":"93","author":"Burkart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.2023.J050","article-title":"Liposomal silybin improves glucose and lipid metabolisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via AMPK\/TGF-\u03b21\/smad signaling","volume":"261","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018799","article-title":"Quantifying the sex-race\/ethnicity-specific burden of obesity on incident diabetes mellitus in the United States, 2001 to 2016: MESA and NHANES","volume":"10","author":"Cameron","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0021","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes\u2013United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2002","volume":"53","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.11.044","article-title":"The effect of enterolactone on sphingolipid pathway and hepatic insulin resistance development in HepG2 cells","volume":"217","author":"Charytoniuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1883","article-title":"Silibinin protects \u03b2 cells from glucotoxicity through regulation of the insig-1\/SREBP-1c pathway","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-012-0685-4","article-title":"Fargesin, a component of Flos Magnoliae, stimulates glucose uptake in L6 myotubes","volume":"67","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1029","article-title":"Honokiol and magnolol stimulate glucose uptake by activating PI3K-dependent akt in L6 myotubes","volume":"38","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30233-X","article-title":"Availability and affordability of essential medicines for diabetes across high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective epidemiological study","volume":"6","author":"Chow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2019.071","article-title":"Involvement of estrogen receptor-\u03b1 in the activation of Nrf2-antioxidative signaling pathways by silibinin in pancreatic \u03b2-cells","volume":"28","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422407249704","article-title":"Bioavailability of lignans in human subjects","volume":"19","author":"Clavel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010183","article-title":"Lignans and their derivatives from plants as antivirals","volume":"25","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3999","article-title":"Silibinin as a promising treatment for diabetes: insights into behavioral and metabolic changes in an animal model","volume":"12","author":"Dagli Gul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101818","article-title":"Engineered silybin nanoparticles educe efficient control in experimental diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110383","article-title":"Antidiabetic potential of dietary polyphenols: a mechanistic review","volume":"145","author":"de Paulo Farias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00393-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease: impact of SGLT2 inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2008.03.007","article-title":"Interrelation between the inhibition of glycolytic flux by silibinin and the lowering of mitochondrial ROS production in perifused rat hepatocytes","volume":"82","author":"Detaille","year":"2008","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010273","article-title":"Polyphenols and Human health: the role of bioavailability","volume":"13","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01043-2","article-title":"Thiol-inducing and immunoregulatory effects of flavonoids in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy","volume":"33","author":"Dietzmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804381","article-title":"Sex hormone\u2013Binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men","volume":"361","author":"Ding","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.10.010","article-title":"Role of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in diabetes pathogenesis and complications","volume":"195","author":"Dobrian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-017-0223-1","article-title":"Does the enterolactone (ENL) affect fatty acid transporters and lipid metabolism in liver?","volume":"14","author":"Drygalski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2023.109644","article-title":"Silibinin alleviates ferroptosis of rat islet \u03b2 cell INS-1 induced by the treatment with palmitic acid and high glucose through enhancing PINK1\/parkin-mediated mitophagy","volume":"743","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0041","first-page":"69","author":"El-far","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12-00463","article-title":"Arctigenin protects focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats through inhibiting neuroinflammation","volume":"35","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-3078","article-title":"Prevalence and management of obesity in U.S. adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"176","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.05.071","article-title":"Sesamin: a promising protective agent against diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats","volume":"230","author":"Farbood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0045","unstructured":"Feingold, K.R., 2024. Oral and injectable (Non-Insulin) pharmacological agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. [Updated 2024 Sep 11, in: Feingold, K.R., Anawalt, B., Blackman, M.R. (Eds.), Endotext [Internet. MDText.com, Inc, South Dartmouth (MA)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0046","first-page":"957","article-title":"Protective effect of arctigenin in GK rats combined with hypertension macroangiopathy","volume":"40","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508911570","article-title":"Flaxseed lignan attenuates high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and induces adiponectin expression in mice","volume":"100","author":"Fukumitsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2018.32","article-title":"Overview of the anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacies of arctigenin and arctiin from Arctium lappa L","volume":"39","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328332","article-title":"Hydrolysis is the dominating in vivo metabolism pathway for arctigenin: identification of novel metabolites of arctigenin by LC\/MS\/MS after oral administration in rats","volume":"79","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0050","first-page":"184","article-title":"Protective effect of arctigenin on liver injury in diabetic mice induced by Alloxan","volume":"43","author":"Gaofei","year":"2022","journal-title":"FOOD Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107356","article-title":"Sesamin alleviates diabetes-associated behavioral deficits in rats: the role of inflammatory and neurotrophic factors","volume":"92","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0052","first-page":"49","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease: world wide difference of prevalence and risk factors","volume":"5","author":"Gheith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nephropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2023.12.011","article-title":"Sesamin and sesamolin potentially inhibit adipogenesis through downregulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 protein expression and activity in 3T3-L1 cells","volume":"123","author":"Gina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1002\/efd2.137","article-title":"Gut microbiota and host metabolizing enzymes co-contribute to pharmacokinetic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats","volume":"5","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"eFood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90096-3","article-title":"Effect of masoprocol on glucose transport and lipolysis by isolated rat adipocytes","volume":"48","author":"Gowri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2012.60","article-title":"Arctigenin alleviates ER stress via activating AMPK","volume":"33","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1159\/000110453","article-title":"The flavonoid silibinin decreases glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis in perfused rat hepatocytes by an inhibitory effect on glucose-6-phosphatase","volume":"20","author":"Guigas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem. Int. J. Exp. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03725-w","article-title":"Schisandrin A alleviates spatial learning and memory impairment in diabetic rats by inhibiting inflammatory response and through modulation of the PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"61","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801159","article-title":"Factors explaining interpersonal variation in plasma enterolactone concentrations in humans","volume":"63","author":"H\u00e5lldin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1039\/jr9420000448","article-title":"The chemistry of the lignan group of natural products","author":"Haworth","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Resumed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.02.057","article-title":"Honokiol improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetic rats via alleviating oxidative stress and insulin resistance","volume":"600","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1298433","article-title":"Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of arctiin and its main metabolite in rats by HPLC-UV and LC-MS","volume":"78","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2013.12.005","article-title":"Honokiol trimers and dimers via biotransformation catalyzed by Momordica charantia peroxidase: novel and potent \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2015.1005198","article-title":"Effect of Sesamin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Helli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1212-8","article-title":"Epidemiology of peripheral neuropathy and lower extremity disease in diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Hicks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.5974","article-title":"Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities of sesamin from sesame meal and its ability to ameliorate insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice","volume":"93","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1021\/np0205349","article-title":"Antidiabetic dimeric guianolides and a lignan glycoside from Lactuca indica","volume":"66","author":"Hou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3727\/000000001783986747","article-title":"Reduction in primary nonfunction of syngeneic islet transplants with nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor","volume":"10","author":"Hsu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.10.024","article-title":"Secoisolariciresinol diglycoside, a flaxseed lignan, exerts analgesic effects in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes: engagement of antioxidant mechanism","volume":"767","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13251","article-title":"Isoeucommin A attenuates kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy through the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2366-3","article-title":"Arctigenin, a natural compound, activates AMP-activated protein kinase via inhibition of mitochondria complex I and ameliorates metabolic disorders in ob\/ob mice","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104629","article-title":"Flavonoids and type 2 diabetes: evidence of efficacy in clinical and animal studies and delivery strategies to enhance their therapeutic efficacy","volume":"152","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0073","series-title":"Diabetes Atlas","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58343","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA10774E","article-title":"Protective effects of phyllanthin, a lignan from Phyllanthus amarus, against progression of high fat diet induced metabolic disturbances in mice","volume":"6","author":"Jagtap","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0075","unstructured":"Jain, D., Somani, R., Gilhotra, R., 2016. Silibinin ameliorates hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidemia and prevent oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetes in Sprague Dawley rats."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415482","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-menopausal, and anti-cancer effects of lignans and their metabolites","volume":"23","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173918","article-title":"Honokiol regulates mitochondrial substrate utilization and cellular fatty acid metabolism in diabetic mice heart","volume":"896","author":"Jayakumari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.10.120","article-title":"Antidiabetic effect of gomisin N via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"494","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0874","article-title":"Incidence of remission in adults with type 2 diabetes: the diabetes & aging study","volume":"37","author":"Karter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.09.024","article-title":"Protective effects of silibinin on insulin amyloid fibrillation, cytotoxicity and mitochondrial membrane damage","volume":"659","author":"Katebi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300113","article-title":"Long-term supplementation of honokiol and magnolol ameliorates body fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and adipose inflammation in high-fat fed mice","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092303","article-title":"Honokiol improves insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in type 2 diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.01.048","article-title":"Effect of magnolol on TGF-beta1 and fibronectin expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells under diabetic conditions","volume":"562","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.012","article-title":"Why does obesity cause diabetes?","volume":"34","author":"Klein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0085","first-page":"861","article-title":"Phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of malva verticillata and their anti-diabetic effect","volume":"13","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1368614","article-title":"Phillyrin, a natural lignan, attenuates tumor necrosis factor \u03b1-mediated insulin resistance and lipolytic acceleration in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"80","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0087","first-page":"1681","article-title":"Effect of lipoxygenase inhibitor (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, NDGA) on canine pancreatic allografts","volume":"23","author":"Konishi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.12.023","article-title":"Plant and mammalian lignans: a review of source, intake, metabolism, intestinal bacteria and health","volume":"46","author":"Landete","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22091423","article-title":"Enhancement of glucose uptake by meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid through GLUT4 up-regulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6509","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216509","article-title":"Schisandrin C affects glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic \u03b2-cells and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-015-0026-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0092","article-title":"Biological evaluation of a new lignan from the roots of rice (Oryza sativa)","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-019-0411-y","article-title":"Recovery effect of lignans and fermented extracts from Forsythia koreana flowers on pancreatic islets damaged by alloxan in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1022","article-title":"Fargesin improves lipid and glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioFactors Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.063","article-title":"Honokiol protects pancreatic \u03b2 cell against high glucose and intermittent hypoxia-induced injury by activating Nrf2\/ARE pathway in vitro and in vivo","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother. Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20144238","article-title":"Silibinin improves palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes by attenuating IRS-1\/PI3K\/Akt pathway inhibition","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. Rev. Bras. Pesqui. Medicas E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16419","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02680","article-title":"The what and who of dietary lignans in Human health: special attention to estrogen effects and safety evaluation","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8003","article-title":"Lignans as multi-targeted natural products in neurodegenerative diseases and depression: recent perspectives","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.03.008","article-title":"Six new lignans from the leaves and stems of Schisandra sphenanthera","volume":"86","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0100","first-page":"222","article-title":"Silybin-beta-cyclodextrin in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver disease. Efficacy study of a new preparation of an anti-oxidant agent","volume":"15","author":"Lirussi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1159\/000447900","article-title":"Lignans extracted from Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv. Protects against AGEs-induced retinal endothelial cell injury","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200771","article-title":"Syringaresinol alleviates early diabetic retinopathy by downregulating HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF via activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2023.03.015","article-title":"Lignans from Patrinia scabiosaefolia improve insulin resistance by activating PI-3K\/AKT pathway and promoting GLUT4 expression","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1314998","article-title":"Effects of arctiin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"78","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111361","article-title":"Hinokinin alleviates high fat diet\/streptozotocin-induced cardiac injury in mice through modulation in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"137","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-018-0698-6","article-title":"Silver fir (Abies alba) extracts inhibit enzymes involved in blood glucose management and protect against oxidative stress in high glucose environment","volume":"74","author":"Lunder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00139-3","article-title":"Masoprocol (nordihydroguaiaretic acid): a new antihyperglycemic agent isolated from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)","volume":"346","author":"Luo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104562","article-title":"A cyclic peptide and two pairs of norlignan lignanoside epimers from Selaginella pulvinata","volume":"143","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0109","article-title":"Two new nor-lignans from Selaginella pulvinata (Hook. & Grev.) Maxim and their antihyperglycemic activities","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, R., Zhan, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Wang, X., Guo, M., 2021. Schisandrin B ameliorates non-alcoholic liver disease through anti-inflammation activation in diabetic mice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.21905.","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21905"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4884","article-title":"Effect of Arctiin on glomerular filtration barrier damage in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rats","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.03.007","article-title":"4-O-methylhonokiol ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy in mice likely by activation of AMPK-mediated fatty acid oxidation and Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidative stress","volume":"370","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14249","article-title":"Arctigenin improves neuropathy via ameliorating apoptosis and modulating autophagy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"29","author":"Medras","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03172-x","article-title":"Silibinin as a major component of milk thistle seed provides promising influences against diabetes and its complications: a systematic review","volume":"397","author":"Mehrjerdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1159\/000531745","article-title":"Plant polyphenols as inhibitors of hydrolases are regulators of digestion","volume":"30","author":"Melzig","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complement. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.55.87","article-title":"Antihypertensive effects of sesamin in humans","volume":"55","author":"Miyawaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2016.1204404","article-title":"Effect of Sesamin supplementation on glycemic status, inflammatory markers, and adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Mohammad Shahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00637-7","article-title":"Concurrent metformin and silibinin therapy in diabetes: assessments in zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model","volume":"19","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0119","article-title":"Effects of Sesamin on the glycemic index, lipid profile, and serum malondialdehyde level of patients with type II diabetes","author":"Mohammadshahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Babol Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6544","article-title":"Antidiabetic potential of anthraquinones: a review","volume":"34","author":"Mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106158","article-title":"Potential of diterpenes as antidiabetic agents: evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies","volume":"179","author":"Mohammed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-022-00256-6","article-title":"Lignans: a versatile source of anticancer drugs","volume":"11","author":"Mukhija","year":"2022","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040968","article-title":"Protective effects of Gomisin N against hepatic cannabinoid type 1 receptor-induced insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Nagappan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.10.044","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of silibinin on amadori-albumin in diabetes mellitus: a multi-spectroscopic and biochemical approach","volume":"209","author":"Neelofar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01\/1981 to 09\/2019","volume":"83","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0126","article-title":"Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their insulin mimetic activity","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Publ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2017.08.007","article-title":"A new lignan and a new alkaloid, and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory compounds from the grains of Echinochloa utilis Ohwi & Yabuno","volume":"74","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-113135","article-title":"Protective effect of silybum marianum and silibinin on endothelial cells submitted to high glucose concentration","volume":"83","author":"Palomino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508061527","article-title":"Effects of a flaxseed-derived lignan supplement on C-reactive protein, IL-6 and retinol-binding protein 4 in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"101","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1148","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001148","article-title":"Effects of a flaxseed-derived lignan supplement in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial","volume":"2","author":"Pan","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.02.003","article-title":"Intake of the plant lignans matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, and lariciresinol in relation to vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in middle age-elderly men and post-menopausal women living in Northern Italy","volume":"20","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0289","article-title":"Diet-derived polyphenol metabolite enterolactone is a tissue-specific estrogen receptor activator","volume":"148","author":"Penttinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00319.x","article-title":"Dietary lignans: physiology and potential for cardiovascular disease risk reduction","volume":"68","author":"Peterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plaha, N.S., Awasthi, S., Sharma, A., Kaushik, N., 2022. Distribution, biosynthesis and therapeutic potential of lignans. 3 biotech 12, 255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13205-022-03318-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-022-03318-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.115717","article-title":"Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside from flaxseed delays the development of type 2 diabetes in Zucker rat","volume":"138","author":"Prasad","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104723","article-title":"Anti-diabetic potential of plant alkaloids: revisiting current findings and future perspectives","volume":"155","author":"Rasouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051121","article-title":"Effect of masoprocol on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of type II diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Reed","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.5812\/kowsar.1726913X.2142","article-title":"The Sesame Lignan Sesamin attenuates vascular permeability in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes: involvement of oxidative stress","volume":"9","author":"Roghani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155638","article-title":"Terpenoids as potential phytoconstituent in the treatment of diabetes: from preclinical to clinical advancement","volume":"129","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2174\/1570163815666180829094831","article-title":"Identification of phenolic compounds from nettle as new candidate inhibitors of main enzymes responsible on type-II diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Salim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Discov. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1039\/C3FO60402K","article-title":"Metabolism of secoisolariciresinol-diglycoside the dietary precursor to the intestinally derived lignan enterolactone in humans","volume":"5","author":"Setchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-014-0364-x","article-title":"Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats: a possible renoprotective effect","volume":"70","author":"Sherif","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1080\/19476337.2023.2222787","article-title":"Silibinin protects GLUTag cells from PA-induced injury via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"21","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"CyTA - J. Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.09.037","article-title":"Effects of magnolol (5,5\u2019-diallyl-2,2\u2019-dihydroxybiphenyl) on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats","volume":"80","author":"Sohn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.10.015","article-title":"The what and who of dietary lignans in human health: special focus on prooxidant and antioxidant effects","volume":"106","author":"Soleymani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0146","article-title":"COCONUT online: collection of Open Natural Products database","volume":"13","author":"Sorokina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cheminform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.09.014","article-title":"Magnolol protects pancreatic \u03b2-cells against methylglyoxal-induced cellular dysfunction","volume":"277","author":"Suh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176642","article-title":"A network pharmacology-based method to explore the therapeutic effect of honokiol on diabetes with comorbid depression in mice","volume":"975","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0149","first-page":"6327","article-title":"Hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of honokiol on type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.04.032","article-title":"Flaxseed lignans alleviate high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice: potential involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03572-1","article-title":"Attenuating effect of silibinin on palmitic acid-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic \u03b2-cells is mediated by estrogen receptor alpha","volume":"460","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116265","article-title":"Beneficial effect of honokiol and magnolol on polyol pathway and oxidative stress parameters in the testes of diabetic rats","volume":"172","author":"Sza\u0142abska-R\u0105pa\u0142a","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0153","first-page":"1335","article-title":"A lignan with glucose uptake activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes from the stem bark of Knema patentinervia","volume":"30","author":"Taher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NP00020A","article-title":"N,C-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids: a versatile new class of axially chiral natural products","volume":"38","author":"Tajuddeen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2023.09.007","article-title":"Justicidin B and related lignans from two South African Monsonia species with potent activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells","volume":"60","author":"Tajuddeen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040470","article-title":"Antiplasmodial activity of Vachellia xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter (African Fever Tree) and its constituents","volume":"15","author":"Tajuddeen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085251","article-title":"Sesamin prevents decline in exercise capacity and impairment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in mice with high-fat diet-induced diabetes","volume":"100","author":"Takada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1928664","article-title":"First report on phytochemical investigation, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Helianthemum getulum","volume":"36","author":"Terfassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6420","article-title":"Novel therapeutic effects of sesamin on diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Thuy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2017.11.002","article-title":"DNA damage in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes; protective effect of silibinin","volume":"825","author":"To\u011fay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2023.106348","article-title":"Root-extracted lignanamides from Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze with a potential PTP1B inhibitory activity by regulating PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"132","author":"Tuohongerbieke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2023.106348","article-title":"Root-extracted lignanamides from Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze with a potential PTP1B inhibitory activity by regulating PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"132","author":"Tuohongerbieke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010073","article-title":"(-)-O-methylcubebin from Vitex trifolia enhanced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells via the inhibition of ERK1\/2 and p38MAPK phosphorylation","volume":"25","author":"Ukiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2024.102462","article-title":"Functions and mechanisms of enzymes assembling lignans and norlignans","volume":"80","author":"Ushimaru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050111","article-title":"Silibinin, a plant extract with antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties, protects exocrine pancreas from cyclosporin A toxicity","volume":"53","author":"v. Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2024.01.020","article-title":"Effect of sesame supplementation on body composition and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Vajdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102852","article-title":"Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"70","author":"Villarreal-Renteria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154022","article-title":"Silibinin improves l-cell mass and function through an estrogen receptor-mediated antioxidative mechanism","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0169","first-page":"476","article-title":"The antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of magnolol on diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Yao Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2022.113326","article-title":"Review of lignans from 2019 to 2021: newly reported compounds, diverse activities, structure-activity relationships and clinical applications","volume":"202","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13080597","article-title":"Schisandrin A attenuates diabetic nephropathy via EGFR\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathway based on network pharmacology and experimental validation","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2012.657180","article-title":"In vivo recovery effect of silibinin treatment on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice is associated with the modulations of sirt-1 expression and autophagy in pancreatic \u03b2-cell","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.26367","article-title":"Lignan intake and type 2 diabetes incidence among US men and women","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2017.04.008","article-title":"Syringaresinol-4-O-\u03b2-d-glucoside alters lipid and glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271211051598","article-title":"Phillyrin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 signalling pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.06.053","article-title":"Flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside improves insulin sensitivity through upregulation of GLUT4 expression in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010177","article-title":"Identification of small-molecule bioactive constituents from the Leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum confirms it as a potential functional food with health benefits","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417147","article-title":"Drug therapies for diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Weinberg Sibony","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081772","article-title":"Lyoniresinol 3\u03b1-O-\u03b2-d-glucopyranoside-mediated hypoglycaemia and its influence on apoptosis-regulatory protein expression in the injured kidneys of streptozotocin-induced mice","volume":"8","author":"Wen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1039\/np9850200191","article-title":"Ligans and neolignans","volume":"2","author":"Whiting","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2014.1003136","article-title":"A new lignan with hypoglycemic activity from Tadehagi triquetrum","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0182","first-page":"58","article-title":"Anti-lipotoxic action of sesamin on renovascular hypertensive rats fed with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet","volume":"47","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Yao Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4926","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00565F","article-title":"Silibinin decreases hepatic glucose production through the activation of gut-brain-liver axis in diabetic rats","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3176483","article-title":"The mechanism of Phillyrin from the Leaves of Forsythia suspensa for improving insulin resistance","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.11.006","article-title":"Arctigenic acid, the key substance responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of Fructus Arctii","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0638","article-title":"Estrogen improves insulin sensitivity and suppresses gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor Foxo1","volume":"68","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.128","article-title":"Involvement of estrogen receptors in silibinin protection of pancreatic \u03b2-cells from TNF\u03b1- or IL-1\u03b2-induced cytotoxicity","volume":"102","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0188","first-page":"393","article-title":"Lignan matairesinol illustrates an antidiabetic effect via inhibition of DPP-4 and hepato-protective effect via inhibition of apoptosis in diabetic rats","volume":"79","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2005.03.073","article-title":"Survival prolongation of microencapsulated allogeneic islet by nanosized nordihydroguaiaretic acid","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20122551","article-title":"Effect and the probable mechanisms of silibinin in regulating insulin resistance in the liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver","volume":"46","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0191","article-title":"The effects of Sesame consumption on glycemic control in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial. Evid.-based complement","volume":"2021","author":"Yargholi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Altern. Med. ECAM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.039875","article-title":"Sequential metabolism of sesamin by cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in human liver","volume":"39","author":"Yasuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos. Biol. Fate Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.110.035659","article-title":"Metabolism of sesamin by cytochrome P450 in human liver microsomes","volume":"38","author":"Yasuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos. Biol. Fate Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO04408G","article-title":"Phenylpropanoids and neolignans isolated from Myristica fragrans enhance glucose uptake in myotubes","volume":"13","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13358","article-title":"Pinoresinol-4-O-\u03b2-d-glucopyranoside: a lignan from prunes (Prunus domestica) attenuates oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia and hepatic toxicity in vitro and in vivo","volume":"72","author":"Youssef","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0877","article-title":"The association between dietary flavonoid and lignan intakes and incident type 2 diabetes in european populations: the EPIC-InterAct study","volume":"36","author":"Zamora-Ros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22984","article-title":"Silybin and dehydrosilybin decrease glucose uptake by inhibiting GLUT proteins","volume":"112","author":"Zhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0198","article-title":"Honokiol ameliorates myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury in type 1 diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis through activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 signaling pathway","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0199","article-title":"Effect of creosote bush-derived NDGA on expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver of high-fructose fed rats: relevance to NDGA amelioration of hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.03.037","article-title":"Arctigenin ameliorates renal impairment and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"223","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02942753","article-title":"Silybin decreases erythrocytic sorbitol level and improves peripheral nerve conduction velocity in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0202","article-title":"Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis improve glucose uptake in vitro","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.07.004","article-title":"iNOS-derived peroxynitrite mediates high glucose-induced inflammatory gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells through promoting KLF5 expression and nitration","volume":"1863","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0115-3","article-title":"Arctigenin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation in a mouse model via suppression of MAPK, HO-1, and iNOS signaling","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507871649","article-title":"Dietary flaxseed lignan extract lowers plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.08.019","article-title":"Silibinin ameliorates steatosis and insulin resistance during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development partly through targeting IRS-1\/PI3K\/akt pathway","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/965954","article-title":"The magnolia bioactive constituent 4-O-methylhonokiol protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance in mice","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.01.038","article-title":"In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of arctigenin, a lignan from arctium lappa L., through inhibition on iNOS pathway","volume":"122","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113069","article-title":"Schisandra chinensis lignans improve insulin resistance by targeting TLR4 and activating IRS-1\/PI3K\/AKT and NF-\u03bab signaling pathways","volume":"142","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.01.031","article-title":"Sesamin suppresses STZ induced INS-1 cell apoptosis through inhibition of NF-\u03bab activation and regulation of bcl-2 family protein expression","volume":"750","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12433-w","article-title":"Arctigenin attenuates diabetic kidney disease through the activation of PP2A in podocytes","volume":"10","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-016-9965-2","article-title":"Antidiabetic effect of enterolactone in cultured muscle cells and in type 2 diabetic model db\/db mice","volume":"69","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717_bib0213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109529","article-title":"Arctigenin mitigates insulin resistance by modulating the IRS2\/GLUT4 pathway via TLR4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice","volume":"114","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325003575?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325003575?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T08:50:46Z","timestamp":1762332646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711325003575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":213,"alternative-id":["S0944711325003575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The antidiabetic properties of lignans: a comprehensive review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156717","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"156717"}}