{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T03:29:02Z","timestamp":1775186942217,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003562","name":"Ministry of Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNIBR20253109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR20253109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032627","name":"Military Institute of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021829","name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T05:33:40Z","timestamp":1756013620000},"page":"157199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A xanthone O-glucoside isolated from Iris setosa Pall. ex Link exhibits promising anti-amoebic activity against the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"H\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang","family":"L\u00ea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Buyng Su","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Su","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Tae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tu\u1ea5n C\u01b0\u1eddng","family":"V\u00f5","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minkyoung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2806-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonchul","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Taek","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6734-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoung-Kuk","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102690","article-title":"Advancing the understanding of Naegleria fowleri: global epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis, and strategies to combat a deadly pathogen","volume":"18","author":"Alanazi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2025.106404","article-title":"Effectiveness of phytoproducts against pathogenic free-living amoebae - a scoping and critical review paving the way toward plant-based pharmaceuticals","volume":"182","author":"Cha\u00faque","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1021","article-title":"Use of the novel therapeutic agent miltefosine for the treatment of primary amebic meningoencephalitis: report of 1 fatal and 1 surviving case","volume":"62","author":"Cope","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4161\/bioa.20975","article-title":"The actin cytoskeleton as a sensor and mediator of apoptosis","volume":"2","author":"Desouza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioarchitecture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20080320","article-title":"A role for actin in regulating apoptosis\/programmed cell death: evidence spanning yeast, plants and animals","volume":"413","author":"Franklin-Tong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa520","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri: a Global Review","volume":"73","author":"Gharpure","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6677","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01293-15","article-title":"Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options","volume":"59","author":"Grace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000923","article-title":"Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Haston","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8388","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158388","article-title":"Naegleria fowleri cathepsin B induces a pro-inflammatory immune response in BV-2 microglial cells via NF-\u03bab and AP-1 dependent-MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"23","author":"L\u00ea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154994","article-title":"Kaempferol induces programmed cell death in Naegleria fowleri","volume":"119","author":"L\u00ea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713623","article-title":"Naegleria fowleri extracellular vesicles induce proinflammatory immune responses in BV-2 microglial cells","volume":"24","author":"L\u00ea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3347\/PHD.23078","article-title":"Antiamoebic activities of flavonoids against pathogenic free-living amoebae, naegleria fowleri and acanthamoeba species","volume":"61","author":"L\u00ea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites. Hosts. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081658","article-title":"Iris setosa Pall. Ex Link extract reveals amoebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga with low toxicity to human corneal cells","volume":"12","author":"L\u00ea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3347\/PHD.23103","article-title":"The anti-amoebic activity of Pinus densiflora leaf extract against the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri","volume":"62","author":"L\u00ea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasites. Hosts. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114053","article-title":"Occurrence of Naegleria fowleri and their implication for health - a look under the one Health approaches","volume":"246","author":"Leal dos Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Env. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3936-3","article-title":"Novel cathepsin B and cathepsin B-like cysteine protease of Naegleria fowleri excretory-secretory proteins and their biochemical properties","volume":"113","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01046-5","article-title":"Mitochondria-associated programmed cell death as a therapeutic target for age-related disease","volume":"55","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.55.070186.005011","article-title":"Actin and actin-binding proteins. A critical evaluation of mechanisms and functions","volume":"55","author":"Pollard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400476","article-title":"Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"Porter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell. Death. Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-2002-0311","article-title":"Isolation and structure elucidation of two new xanthones from Gentiana azurium Bunge (Fam. Gentianaceae)","volume":"57","author":"Purev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00258","article-title":"Natural terpenes inhibit the cytopathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in the human cell line model","volume":"14","author":"Rajendran","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS. Chem. Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.09.012","article-title":"Activation of apoptosis signalling pathways by reactive oxygen species","volume":"1863","author":"Redza-Dutordoir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.634849","article-title":"Involvement of the actin machinery in programmed cell death","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110583","article-title":"Fluvastatin and atorvastatin induce programmed cell death in the brain eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri","volume":"130","author":"Rizo-Liendo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.10.004","article-title":"Three encephalitis-causing amoebae and their distinct interactions with the host","volume":"38","author":"Sarink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends. Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01581-0","article-title":"Different types of cell death and their shift in shaping disease","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Death. Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3909-6","article-title":"Fowlerstefin, a cysteine protease inhibitor of Naegleria fowleri, induces inflammatory responses in BV-2 microglial cells in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Th\u00e1i","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327109105404","article-title":"Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity: characterization of blood and urinary biochemistry and renal morphology in mice","volume":"28","author":"Tonomura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00437","article-title":"High-throughput screen of microbial metabolites identifies F1FO ATP synthase inhibitors as new leads for Naegleria fowleri infection","volume":"9","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00685","article-title":"Exploring the anti-infective value of inuloxin a isolated from Inula viscosa against the brain-eating amoeba (Naegleria fowleri) by activation of programmed cell death","volume":"12","author":"Zeouk","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS. Chem. Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325008384?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325008384?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:31:04Z","timestamp":1773419464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711325008384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0944711325008384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A xanthone O-glucoside isolated from Iris setosa Pall. ex Link exhibits promising anti-amoebic activity against the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157199","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157199"}}