{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:49:06Z","timestamp":1793450946231,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:04:22Z","timestamp":1758585862000},"page":"157285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Phytotherapy as an adjunct to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis - a systematic review of clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2211-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Piekarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Picheta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8493-1040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Pobide\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8398-433X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Dani\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Gil-Kulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11372","article-title":"Curcumin, the active substance of turmeric: its effects on health and ways to improve its bioavailability","volume":"101","author":"Abd El-Hack","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2017.3930","article-title":"A novel highly bioavailable curcumin formulation improves symptoms and diagnostic indicators in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-dose, three-arm, and parallel-group study","volume":"20","author":"Amalraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.620","article-title":"Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"19","author":"Arora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0004","first-page":"154","article-title":"The effect of ginger supplementation on IL2, tnf\u03b1, and IL1\u03b2 cytokines gene expression levels in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Aryaeian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.01.048","article-title":"The effect of ginger supplementation on some immunity and inflammation intermediate genes expression in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"698","author":"Aryaeian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1364836","article-title":"A critical review of Ginger\u2019s (Zingiber officinale) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities","volume":"11","author":"Ayustaningwarno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7223","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217223","article-title":"Effect of ginger on inflammatory diseases","volume":"27","author":"Ballester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0008","first-page":"3","article-title":"Traditional Chinese herbal medicine in European Union: state of art, challenges, and future perspectives focusing on Italian market","volume":"17","author":"Bilia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0009","first-page":"18","article-title":"Cannabinoids for inflammatory bowel disease: a scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Brodaric","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R24","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4452","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis over 5 years of therapy in a phase 3b and subsequent postmarketing observational study","volume":"16","author":"Burmester","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib73","article-title":"Rheumatoid artritis","author":"Chauhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"StatPearls"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0011","article-title":"Salvia miltiorrhiza roots against cardiovascular disease: consideration of herb-drug interactions","volume":"2017","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102735","article-title":"Beyond the joints, the extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Conforti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2020.10.006","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: early diagnosis and treatment","volume":"105","author":"Cush","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2019.87616","article-title":"Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity during biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy","volume":"57","author":"Czekalska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0016","first-page":"1707","article-title":"Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: one year in review 2024","volume":"42","author":"D'Orazio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2022.105491","article-title":"Glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis: balancing benefits and harm by leveraging the therapeutic window of opportunity","volume":"90","author":"Doumen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Joint. Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00568","article-title":"Tanshinone IIA suppresses proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production of synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis patients induced by TNF-\u03b1 and attenuates the inflammatory response in AIA mice","volume":"11","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2021.102773","article-title":"Effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Ebrahimzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.04.018","article-title":"Extra-articular manifestations and comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis: potential impact of pre-rheumatoid arthritis prevention","volume":"41","author":"Giles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0021","series-title":"Conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, CADTH Health Technology Review","author":"Hill","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102741","article-title":"An overview of the NF-kB mechanism of pathophysiology in rheumatoid arthritis, investigation of the NF-kB ligand RANKL and related nutritional interventions","volume":"20","author":"Ilchovska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacob, J., Amalraj, A., Raj, K.K.J., Divya, C., Kunnumakkara, A.B., Gopi, S., 2019. A novel bioavailable hydrogenated curcuminoids formulation (CuroWhite\u2122) improves symptoms and diagnostic indicators in rheumatoid arthritis patients - A randomized.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2018.06.001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13688","article-title":"Effect of curcumin nanomicelle on the clinical symptoms of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Javadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0025","first-page":"29","article-title":"[Effect of External Applying Compound Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. on Joint Pain of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients]","volume":"36","author":"Jiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206785","article-title":"Identification of novel antiacetylated vimentin antibodies in patients with early inflammatory arthritis","volume":"75","author":"Juarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0027","first-page":"857","article-title":"Overview of salvia miltiorrhiza as a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases: an update on efficacy and mechanisms of action","volume":"9","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222010922","article-title":"Cytokine networks in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Kondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010229","article-title":"Curcumin-based nanomedicines in the treatment of inflammatory and immunomodulated diseases: an evidence-based comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Laurindo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00957-9","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 alleviates the inflammatory response in TNF-\u03b1-induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes by binding to p53 in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0031","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials","volume":"14","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-018-0649-5","article-title":"Immunoregulatory effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F and its extracts in clinical practice","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204807","article-title":"Comparison of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F with methotrexate in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (TRIFRA): a randomised, controlled clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Lv","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0034","article-title":"Adding herbal products to direct-acting oral anticoagulants can Be fatal","volume":"6","author":"Maadarani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Case Rep. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7122","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867328666210329123449","article-title":"Impact of Curcumin on microsomal enzyme activities: drug interaction and chemopreventive studies","volume":"28","author":"Mashayekhi-Sardoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030549","article-title":"CD4+FOXP3+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis bone marrow are partially impaired","volume":"9","author":"Massalska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0037","first-page":"59","article-title":"Danshen: a phytochemical and pharmacological overview","volume":"17","author":"MEIm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/21551197.2016.1206762","article-title":"Effect of ginger supplementation on proinflammatory cytokines in older patients with osteoarthritis: outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Mozaffari-Khosravi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216694","article-title":"Is the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis changing? Results from a population-based incidence study, 1985-2014","volume":"79","author":"Myasoedova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010265","article-title":"Cryptotanshinone from the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by activation of AMPK\/SIRT1 and Nrf2 signaling pathways","volume":"21","author":"Nagappan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01664-7","article-title":"Pharmacological modes of plant-derived compounds for targeting inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive review on immunomodulatory perspective","volume":"33","author":"Nazakat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.06.008","article-title":"Safety assessment of a highly bioavailable curcumin-galactomannoside complex (CurQfen) in healthy volunteers, with a special reference to the recent hepatotoxic reports of curcumin supplements: a 90-days prospective study","volume":"8","author":"Pancholi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101878","article-title":"Elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis: characteristics and treatment options","volume":"59","author":"Pavlov-Dolijanovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (Mex.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2022.e01393","article-title":"Late Hepatitis B reactivation after treatment with rituximab","volume":"27","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13090743","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes, serological biomarkers, and synovial features defining seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Perera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1509109","article-title":"Phytochemicals in the treatment of patients with depression: a systemic review","volume":"15","author":"Picheta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081812","article-title":"Phytotherapy in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease\u2014A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Piekarz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7422","article-title":"Effects of curcumin supplementation on metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors and obesity values in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Pourhabibi-Zarandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112857","article-title":"Management of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Radu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6489","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7224","article-title":"A review of therapeutic potentials of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its active constituent, curcumin, on inflammatory disorders, pain, and their related patents","volume":"35","author":"Razavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. PTR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01250","article-title":"Adverse events associated with treatment of tripterygium wilfordii Hook F: a quantitative evidence synthesis","volume":"10","author":"Ru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1282610","article-title":"A comprehensive review of Tripterygium wilfordii hook. F. in the treatment of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases: bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Shan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003851","article-title":"Classification of rheumatoid arthritis: is it time to revise the criteria?","volume":"10","author":"Steiner","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29061201","article-title":"Research progress on regulation of immune response by Tanshinones and Salvianolic acids of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/2327-6924.12422","article-title":"State of the evidence: cannabinoids and cancer pain\u2014A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Tateo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Nurse Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154818","article-title":"Pathogenic Th17 cells in autoimmunity with regard to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"250","author":"Toghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathol. - Res. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0057","article-title":"A systematic review about the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F. Preparations used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Evid.-based complement","volume":"2018","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Altern. Med. ECAM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1051082","article-title":"Systemic complications of rheumatoid arthritis: focus on pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00484","article-title":"Chinese herbal formula Huayu-Qiangshen-Tongbi decoction compared with leflunomide in combination with methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label, Randomized, Controlled, Pilot Study","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154704","article-title":"Effectiveness of Yishen Tongbi decoction versus methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"112","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v19i10.30","article-title":"Protective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized, single-blind, placebocontrolled trial","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0062","article-title":"Curcumin and curcuma longa extract in the treatment of 10 types of autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6858","article-title":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and its bioactive components are potential resources for health beneficial agents","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01501","article-title":"Compound danshen dripping pill inhibits retina cell apoptosis in diabetic rats","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103148","article-title":"2023 International Consensus guidance for the use of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"142","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109749","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tripterygium wilfordii Hook F plus TNF inhibitor for active rheumatoid arthritis: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, triple-dummy controlled trial","volume":"255","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21762","article-title":"Tripterygium wilfordii: an inspiring resource for rheumatoid arthritis treatment","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-4005-0","article-title":"Evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of the Chinese herbal medicine Yishen Tongbi decoction in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for a randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115494","article-title":"Suppressive effect of Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch extract on rheumatoid arthritis in mice by modulating inflammasome and bile acid metabolism","volume":"167","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0070","first-page":"4931","article-title":"The effect of curcumin and its nanoformulation on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1563-6","article-title":"Comparison of the impact of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F and Methotrexate treatment on radiological progression in active rheumatoid arthritis: 2-year follow up of a randomized, non-blinded, controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12122860","article-title":"IL-6R inhibitors and gastrointestinal perforations: a pharmacovigilance study and a predicting nomogram","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325009249?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325009249?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T22:05:48Z","timestamp":1769810748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711325009249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0944711325009249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phytotherapy as an adjunct to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis - a systematic review of clinical trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157285","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157285"}}