{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:59:19Z","timestamp":1790711959374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018627","name":"Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023TD004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011833","name":"Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022GXNSFBA035485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024GXNSFAA010078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFAA010078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022GXNSFAA035460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFAA035460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T15:17:48Z","timestamp":1759072668000},"page":"157348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Yuzhuo Zhixiao pill can treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulation of gut microbiota, bile acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5474-4246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanqin","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7435-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaobin","family":"Nong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1796-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixian","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuexue","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinwen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewen","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guochu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7436-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongna","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15816","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of obeticholic acid in subjects with fibrosis or cirrhosis from NASH","volume":"44","author":"Alkhouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Liver. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.04.012","article-title":"Bacupari (Garcinia brasiliensis) extract modulates intestinal microbiota and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in obese rats","volume":"122","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"65","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13214","article-title":"Polysaccharide-based biosorbents for cholesterol and bile salts in gastric-intestinal passage: Advances and future trends","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0006","first-page":"5305","article-title":"Chenodeoxycholic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia via the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 and proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 pathway","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2019.07.001","article-title":"Gnotobiotic mice inoculated with Firmicutes, but not Bacteroidetes, deteriorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2379566","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilis alleviates necrotizing enterocolitis through restoring bile acid metabolism balance using bile salt hydrolase and inhibiting FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7206","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.912429","article-title":"Improvement of Glucose Metabolism Following Long-Term Taurocholic Acid Gavage in a Diabetic Rat Model","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b00080","article-title":"Intestinal Barrier Function-Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Interactions and Possible Role of Gut Microbiota","volume":"67","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-20-0018","article-title":"SCFAs alleviated steatosis and inflammation in mice with NASH induced by MCD","volume":"245","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04116-23","article-title":"Clostridium sporogenes increases fat accumulation in mice by enhancing energy absorption and adipogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"10215","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32963-0","article-title":"Obeticholic acid: towards first approval for NASH","volume":"394","author":"Eslam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2017709118","article-title":"Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolase substrate specificity governs bacterial fitness and host colonization","volume":"118","author":"Foley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. u S. a"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01573-1","article-title":"Deoxycholic Acid Promotes Pyroptosis in Free Fatty Acid-Induced Steatotic Hepatocytes by Inhibiting PINK1-Mediated Mitophagy","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119220","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An overview of risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic interventions","volume":"271","author":"Gerges","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155312","article-title":"Changes in circulating bile acid subtypes in response to weight-loss diets are associated with improvements in glycemic status and insulin resistance: The POUNDS Lost trial","volume":"136","author":"Heianza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081943","article-title":"The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity","volume":"11","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10030674","article-title":"Vitro Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) Activity Screening of Different Probiotic Microorganisms","volume":"10","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041542","article-title":"Acetate and Butyrate Improve \u03b2-cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Respiration under Oxidative Stress","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0021","first-page":"3","article-title":"The effect of Quyu Huazhuo granules on insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pract. Clin. J. Integr Tradit. Chin. West Med."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0022","first-page":"351","article-title":"Effects of Quyu Huazhuo formula on lipid metabolism and liver function in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod J Integr Tradit Chin West Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0023","first-page":"44","article-title":"Clinical observation of Quyu Huazhuo Decoction in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver with abnormal liver function","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J New Chin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00880-z","article-title":"Bile acid and receptors: biology and drug discovery for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"43","author":"Jiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2025.e1","article-title":"Review on the Function, Substrate Affinity, and Potential Application of Bile Salt Hydrolase Originated from Probiotic Strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus","volume":"45","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Anim. Resour."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","article-title":"Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies","volume":"41","author":"Klindworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acids. Res."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0027","first-page":"109","article-title":"Intervention effect of Zhigan formula on the mechanism of selective autophagy of hepatocytes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Tradit Chin Med Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3384","article-title":"Microbiome remodelling leads to inhibition of intestinal farnesoid X receptor signalling and decreased obesity","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-020-00454-y","article-title":"Gypenosides regulate farnesoid X receptor-mediated bile acid and lipid metabolism in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0030","article-title":"Obeticholic Acid Induces Hepatoxicity Via FXR in the NAFLD Mice","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101675","article-title":"A low-carbohydrate diet induces hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic associated fatty liver disease in mice","volume":"69","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s86","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0442","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and non-liver comorbidities","volume":"29","author":"Manikat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity","volume":"24","author":"Mann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.066","article-title":"The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood","volume":"160","author":"Margolis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.014","article-title":"Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis","volume":"68","author":"Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01155-21","article-title":"Ileal Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor Improves Hepatic Steatosis by Ameliorating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in NAFLD Model Mice","volume":"12","author":"Matsui","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.161282","article-title":"Hepatic FASN deficiency differentially affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes in mouse obesity models","volume":"8","author":"Matsukawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI. Insight."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3143-0","article-title":"Gut microbiome production of short-chain fatty acids and obesity in children","volume":"37","author":"Murugesan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111678","article-title":"Recent advances on FXR-targeting therapeutics","volume":"552","author":"Panzitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01166","article-title":"Human Gut Symbiont Roseburia hominis Promotes and Regulates Innate Immunity","volume":"8","author":"Patterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900487","article-title":"A Network Involving Gut Microbiota, Circulating Bile Acids, and Hepatic Metabolism Genes That Protects Against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"63","author":"Petrov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9692-8","article-title":"Comparative genome analysis of Prevotella ruminicola and Prevotella bryantii: insights into their environmental niche","volume":"60","author":"Purushe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10915","article-title":"Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fermentation liquid protects against alcoholic liver disease linked to regulation of liver metabolome and the abundance of gut microbiota","volume":"101","author":"Ran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Riazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist","volume":"17","author":"Sayin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI186423","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and the gut microbiome: pathogenic insights and therapeutic innovations","volume":"135","author":"Schnabl","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091087","article-title":"The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Liver Disease","volume":"12","author":"Shalaby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-023-02197-4","article-title":"Statistically learning the functional landscape of microbial communities","volume":"7","author":"Skwara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105592","article-title":"Development of a prokaryotic universal primer for simultaneous analysis of Bacteria and Archaea using next-generation sequencing","volume":"9","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2297811","article-title":"The health benefits of dietary short-chain fatty acids in metabolic diseases","volume":"65","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11030238","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients","volume":"11","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116405","article-title":"Tangshen formula targets the gut microbiota to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HFD mice: A 16S rRNA and non-targeted metabolomics analyses","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. PharmacOther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15025","article-title":"Regulation of lipid-induced macrophage polarization through modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activity affects hepatic lipid metabolism via a Toll-like receptor 4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01709-5","article-title":"Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk regulates murine lipid metabolism via the intestinal FXR-FGF19 axis in diet-induced humanized dyslipidemia","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO00178C","article-title":"Alleviating effects of noni fruit polysaccharide on hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in rats under a high-fat diet and its possible mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31420","article-title":"From NAFLD to MAFLD: Implications of a Premature Change in Terminology","volume":"73","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7723","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00952","article-title":"Dietary Isoquercetin Reduces Hepatic Cholesterol and Triglyceride in NAFLD Mice by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism via Intestinal FXR-FGF15 Signaling","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0059","article-title":"Salidroside attenuates NASH through regulating bile acid-FXR\/TGR5 signaling pathway via targeting gut microbiota","volume":"307","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321757","article-title":"FXR in the dorsal vagal complex is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13316","article-title":"Dietary fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids: A potential therapeutic target to alleviate obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153496","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicines differentially modulate the gut microbiota based on their nature (Yao-Xing)","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1388967","article-title":"Positive association between insulin resistance and fatty liver disease in psoriasis: evidence from a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00921-7","article-title":"Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses intestinal FXR signaling and ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity","volume":"44","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i1.60","article-title":"Sodium butyrate attenuates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice by improving gut microbiota and gastrointestinal barrier","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.157","article-title":"Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases","volume":"77","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325009869?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325009869?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T22:14:27Z","timestamp":1769811267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711325009869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S0944711325009869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Yuzhuo Zhixiao pill can treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulation of gut microbiota, bile acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157348","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157348"}}