{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T02:58:20Z","timestamp":1793674700086,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-165941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-165941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-178010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-178010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G-22-0032035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-22-0032035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2020-04592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-04592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T21:55:10Z","timestamp":1762206910000},"page":"157503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates atherosclerosis by modulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, foam cell formation, and autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1252-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan-Huan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Yang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Li","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan-Lan","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Hua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0889-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi-Long","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005015","article-title":"Contribution of intimal smooth muscle cells to cholesterol accumulation and macrophage-like cells in human atherosclerosis","volume":"129","author":"Allahverdian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0002","article-title":"Phenotypic modulation of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis-nitro-redox interconnections","volume":"10","author":"Bonetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxid. (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.028","article-title":"Ox-LDL induces endothelial cell apoptosis via the LOX-1-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway","volume":"235","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0004","first-page":"6745","article-title":"Exploring the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 by integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification","volume":"16","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Albany. NY)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030444","article-title":"Pro-resolving effect of ginsenosides as an anti-inflammatory mechanism of panax ginseng","volume":"10","author":"Im","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0006","article-title":"LOX-1: regulation, signaling and its role in Atherosclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Kattoor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.47","article-title":"Accelerated atherosclerosis development in C57Bl6 mice by overexpressing AAV-mediated PCSK9 and partial carotid ligation","volume":"97","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2010.05.002","article-title":"Soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (sLOX-1) as a sensitive and specific biomarker for acute coronary syndrome\u2013comparison with other biomarkers","volume":"56","author":"Kume","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155414545787","article-title":"Picrosirius red staining: a useful tool to appraise collagen networks in normal and pathological tissues","volume":"62","author":"Lattouf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.4.1116","article-title":"Upregulation of endothelial receptor for oxidized LDL (LOX-1) by oxidized LDL and implications in apoptosis of human coronary artery endothelial cells: evidence from use of antisense LOX-1 mRNA and chemical inhibitors","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6312","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200424k","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits proliferation and inflammatory responses in rat aortic smooth muscle cells","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1164547","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 protects human vascular smooth muscle cells against resistin-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad534","article-title":"The activator protein-1 complex governs a vascular degenerative transcriptional programme in smooth muscle cells to trigger aortic dissection and rupture","volume":"45","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1535","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00510.2009","article-title":"Partial carotid ligation is a model of acutely induced disturbed flow, leading to rapid endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis","volume":"297","author":"Nam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00727","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability by improving autophagy and lipid metabolism in macrophage foam cells","volume":"8","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00953","article-title":"Ginsenoside F1 ameliorates endothelial cell inflammatory injury and prevents atherosclerosis in mice through A20-mediated suppression of NF-kB signaling","volume":"8","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224839","article-title":"Histochemical quantification of collagen content in articular cartilage","volume":"14","author":"Rieppo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6620","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/386073a0","article-title":"An endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein","volume":"386","author":"Sawamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0019","first-page":"489","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb (1) in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: a review of therapeutic potentials and molecular mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312434","article-title":"Smooth muscle cells contribute the majority of foam cells in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)-deficient mouse atherosclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0021","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb (1) enhances plaque stability and inhibits adventitial vasa vasorum via the modulation of miR-33 and PEDF","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-01009-0","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 affects mitochondrial Ca (2+) transport and inhibits fat deposition and fibrosis by regulating the wnt signaling pathway to treat rotator cuff tears via docking with SFRP1","volume":"30","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.04.032","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb (1) inhibits the carotid neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rats via suppressing the phenotype modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"685","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112912","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on early atherosclerosis in ApoE-\/- mice via inhibition of Apoptosis and Enhancing Autophagy","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Phytomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325011407?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944711325011407?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:17:32Z","timestamp":1778559452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944711325011407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0944711325011407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-7113"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-7113","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates atherosclerosis by modulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, foam cell formation, and autophagy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Phytomedicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157503","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157503"}}